Kev tshuaj ntsuam morphological ntawm tus npe: piv txwv, tseem ceeb

2024 Tus sau: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:28

Kev tshuaj ntsuam morphological ntawm lub npe, ib qho piv txwv uas peb yuav xav txog hauv kab lus no, yog hom haujlwm nrov heev hauv cov lus qhia Lavxias. Qhov tseeb yog qhov no koj tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim npaum li cas cov tub ntxhais kawm tau taw qhia hauv lub ncauj lus nrog rau qhov kev hais lus no.

Kev tshuaj ntsuam morphological ntawm lo lus (noun) npog li cas? Cov piv txwv muab rau koj mloog.

Noun as part of speech

Lub npe yog ntau heev hauv Lavxias. Nws yog npaj rau lub npe khoom thiab phenomena uas nyob ib puag ncig ib tug neeg. Thiab muaj ntau ntawm lawv. Ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov lus peb siv yog nouns.

nqe lus no teb cov lus nug: "leej twg?" los yog "dab tsi?". Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm seb qhov khoom puas yog animated lossis tsis. Tsis tas li, tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov lus nug.

Kev ntsuas morphologicalnoun (peb yuav ua piv txwv ntawm nws me ntsis tom qab), nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias ob peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm no ib feem ntawm kev hais lus yuav txawv:

1. Specific. Lawv qhia txog cov khoom siv tau, piv txwv li: phau ntawv, phau ntawv xov xwm, lub rooj, tus neeg, noog.
2. Real. Tsim ib yam khoom - kas fes, qab zib, dej, txhob lo lo ntxhuav.
3. Kev nyuaj siab. Lawv qhia txog qhov tshwm sim uas kov tsis tau: kev xav, kev hlub, qhia, quaj.
4. Cawm. Lawv txhais tau hais tias tag nrho - cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov menyuam yaus, midges, nplooj.

Cov cim tsis tu ncua thiab tsis tas li: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv

Txhua yam kev ntsuas morphological ntawm ib lo lus, nrog lossis tsis muaj piv txwv, suav nrog suav cov yam ntxwv. Rau txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus, lawv yuav muab faib ua ntu zus thiab tsis tas li.

Qhov tseeb yog yuav luag txhua qhov ntawm kev hais lus (tshwj tsis yog cov lus hais thiab cov lus qhia) tuaj yeem hloov nws daim ntawv. Lub npe kuj raug hloov. Nyob ntawm tus qauv grammatical ntawm kab lus, peb siv qhov xaus sib txawv - qhov no yog hu ua formation. Cov cim zoo li no yuav tsis sib haum. Rau ib lub npe, cov no yog cov lej thiab rooj plaub.

Fickle morphological nta yog tib yam tsis hais cov qauv sau ntawv. Ib lub npe yuav ib txwm muaj ib tug poj niam los txiv neej (txiv neej, neuter, los yog poj niam) los yog declension (thawj, thib ob, los yog thib peb). Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tus tuaj yeem hais txog nws qhov animateness lossis inanimateness, nrog rau seb nws yog nws tus kheej lossiscov noun.

dav dav grammatical meaning

Yuav ua pov thawj tias peb muaj ib feem ntawm kev hais lus yog qhov tsim nyog, qhov no pib qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam morphological ntawm lub npe. Piv txwv:

Peb ya los ntawm dav hlau mus rau peb qhov chaw so so.

Airplane (dab tsi?) yog lub npe vim hais tias nws denotes ib yam khoom.

Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum qhia tus thawj daim ntawv (cov lus tau muab tso rau hauv cov lus nominative). Hauv qhov no, thawj daim duab yuav yog lub dav hlau.

Cia peb muab lwm qhov piv txwv uas lub ntsiab lus dav dav yuav yog lub tswv yim paub daws teeb meem:

Txhua yam kev xav tau tuaj xyuas Natalia ua ntej yuav mus pw.

Thoughts (dab tsi?) – noun, because denotes ib abstract concept. Initial form - xav.

Cov paib ruaj khov

Nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, nws tseem yuav tsum tau qhia qhov ua tau zoo ntawm morphological. Cia peb nyob ntawm lawv hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv. Ua ntej, peb txiav txim siab seb peb puas muaj lub npe tsim nyog lossis cov npe.

Feem ntau ntawm cov lus hauv ntu no ntawm kev hais lus hauv Lavxias yog cov npe, piv txwv li. lawv npe homogeneous khoom thiab phenomena. Lawv qhov txawv yog tias lawv tau sau nrog ib tsab ntawv me me yog tias lawv tsis nyob ntawm kab lus pib: tsheb, rooj, phau ntawv, tus neeg, tsob ntoo. Cov npe tsim nyog qhia txog cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab qhov tshwm sim - cov no yog txhua yam ntawm cov npe, npe thiab cov npe.

Thib ob, peb txhais cov animation. Yog hais tias lub npe hais txog tsiaj qus, nws yuav yog animate, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis.

Qebdeclension kuj hais txog qhov tsis tu ncua morphological nta. Muaj peb declensions nyob rau hauv Russia. Lawv lub rooj muaj nyob rau hauv kab lus.

Poj niam los txiv neej kuj yog hais txog cov yam ntxwv tas mus li, nws tsis hloov pauv hauv nqe lus no.

Fickle kos npe

Thaum kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, tsim qauv lossis cov cim tsis tas li yuav tsum tau qhia. Yog tsis muaj lawv, morphological tsom xam ntawm lub npe yog tsis yooj yim sua. Piv txwv:

Rau pas dej - siv rau hauv rooj plaub, lus hais.

Tus ntxhais sawv sab nraum qhov rooj ua haujlwm thiab tsis txhob twv nkag.

Behind the door - use in instrumental, plural.

Yog li, peb xa cov ntaub ntawv thiab tus lej rau cov yam ntxwv tsis tas li ntawm lub npe.

Syntactic role

Lub luag haujlwm syntactic hauv kab lus ua tiav qhov kev txheeb xyuas morphological ntawm tus lej. Piv txwv:

Ib lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lub hnub tshwm sim tom qab huab.

Tshuaj (los ntawm qhov twg?) tom qab huab. Lub npe huab yog ib qho xwm txheej nrog preposition. Hauv kev txheeb xyuas kev sau ntawv, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim kos raws li.

Muaj ib lo lus ntxiv nyob rau hauv kab lus - lub hnub.

Lub hnub tau tshwm sim (dab tsi?). Hauv kab lus, nws yog cov ntsiab lus.

Puas piv txwv

Dab tsi yog qhov morphological parsing ntawm lub npe zoo li tag nrhonpe? Cov qauv thiab qauv sau tshuaj xyuas yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. dav dav grammatical lub ntsiab lus. Qhia cov lus nug twg lo lus teb. Nws lub npe yog dab tsi - yam khoom, lub tswv yim paub daws teeb meem, yam khoom, lossis muaj lub ntsiab lus sib sau.
2. Daim ntawv pib. Yuav tsum muab lo lus nominative singular.
3. Permanent morphological nta. Feem ntau lossis tsim nyog, qeb ntawm cov animation, declension, poj niam txiv neej.
4. Cov cim tsis muaj tseeb. Peb qhia meej tias tus lej twg siv rau hauv kab lus no, suav nrog tus lej thiab rooj plaub.
5. Syntatic luag hauj lwm. Nco ntsoov qhia hauv kab lus nrog cov lus nug. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub preposition hais txog cov tswv cuab ntawm kab lus no.

Ua piv txwv, cia peb txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov npe ntawm kab lus:

Txhua tus menyuam yaus khiav tawm mus rau tom teb kom txaus siab rau lub caij ntuj sov nag.

1. Children (leej twg?) - noun, names a collective image.
2. Initial form - me nyuam.
3. Cov yam ntxwv tsis tu ncua: hom noun, animate, 1st declension, feminine.
4. Cov yam ntxwv tsis tu ncua: siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv zoo ib yam (nws tsuas muaj daim ntawv no, vim nws yog pawg) ntawm rooj plaub nominative.
5. Cov txiv neej khiav tawm (leej twg?) - hauv kab lus yog cov ntsiab lus.

Ntawm teb (ntawm dab tsi?) - npe, vim npe ib yam khoom.

1. daim ntawv pib yog ib daim teb.
2. yam ntxwv tsis tu ncua: hom noun, inanimate, 2nd declension, neuter gender.
3. Variable yam ntxwv:siv nyob rau hauv lub accusative singular.
4. Ran tawm (qhov twg?) ntawm lub tshav pob - hauv kab lus nws yog ib qho xwm txheej nrog preposition.

Rain (dab tsi?) - noun, because npe phenomenon.

1. Initial form - rain
2. Tus yam ntxwv tsis tu ncua: hom noun, inanimate, 2nd declension, masculine.
3. Cov yam ntxwv tsis tu ncua: siv nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia dative.
4. Zoo siab (dab tsi?) nag - hauv kab lus yog ib qho ntxiv.