Kab lus no yuav tsom mus rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau oxidation. Ntawm no peb yuav xav txog ib lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm qhov tshwm sim no, tau paub txog qee yam thiab kawm lawv siv cov piv txwv ntawm cov hlau. Tus neeg nyeem kuj yuav kawm paub ua qhov txheej txheem no koj tus kheej li cas.
Kev txhais ntawm oxidation
Pib nrog, peb yuav tsom mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm oxidation nws tus kheej. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem thaum lub sij hawm uas cov oxide zaj duab xis yog tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub workpiece. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox. Feem ntau, cov kev ntsuas no yog siv nyob rau hauv oxidation ntawm hlau, hniav ntsiab thiab thiaj li yuav tsim ib tug dielectric txheej. Ntawm cov hom tseem ceeb yog cov hauv qab no: thermal, plasma, tshuaj thiab electrochemical daim ntawv.
Txoj kev sib txawv
Nyob ntawm qhov piav qhia ntawm cov npe saum toj no, txog txhua tus ntawm lawv peb tuaj yeem hais tias:
- Cov ntawv thermal ntawm oxidation tuaj yeem nqa tawm thaum lub sijhawm cua sov ntawm qee yam khoom lossisntsuas nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntawm dej vapor lossis oxygen. Thaum cov hlau xws li hlau thiab hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau yog oxidized, cov txheej txheem hu ua bluing.
- Cov tshuaj oxidation ua rau nws tus kheej, ua cov txheej txheem, los ntawm kev siv cov melts lossis kev daws teeb meem ntawm oxidizing agents. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm chromates, nitrates, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau qhov no yog ua kom cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion.
- Oxidation ntawm hom electrochemical yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws tshwm sim hauv cov electrolytes. Nws tseem hu ua micro-arc oxidation.
- Plasma daim ntawv ntawm oxidation tuaj yeem pom tau tsuas yog thaum muaj cov ntshav ntshav qis. Nws yuav tsum muaj O2. Qhov xwm txheej thib ob yog qhov muaj DC tso tawm, nrog rau RF thiab / lossis microwave.
tswvyim dav dav ntawm oxidation
Yuav kom nkag siab zoo dua qhov no yog dab tsi - oxidation ntawm cov hlau, nws kuj yuav tsim nyog kom paub koj tus kheej nrog cov qauv luv luv ntawm oxidation.
Oxidation yog txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm atomic oxidation ntawm ib yam khoom uas dhau qhov tshwm sim no. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo - electrons, los ntawm lub atom, uas yog tus neeg sawv cev txo qis. Nws kuj tseem hu ua tus pub dawb. Kev hloov ntawm electrons yog ua tiav nrog kev hwm rau oxidizing atom, electron acceptor.
Qee lub sij hawm, thaum lub sij hawm oxidation, cov molecules ntawm cov khoom qub tuaj yeem ua tsis ruaj khov thiab tawg mus rau hauv cov khoom me me. Qhov twgQee cov atoms tsim los ntawm cov molecular hais yuav muaj ntau dua oxidation dua tib hom atoms, tab sis nyob rau hauv lawv cov qub, qub xeev.
Ntawm piv txwv ntawm steel oxidation
Hlau oxidation yog dab tsi? Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no yuav raug txiav txim siab zoo dua nrog ib qho piv txwv uas peb yuav siv cov txheej txheem no nrog steel.
Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj oxidation ntawm hlau - hlau, peb to taub cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov hlau nto yuav tsum tau them nrog ib tug oxide zaj duab xis. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog ua tiav, feem ntau, los tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv lossis muab cov yam ntxwv tshiab rau lub caij décor; Lawv kuj ua qhov no txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheem dielectric ntawm cov khoom hlau.
Hais txog tshuaj oxidation, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub: ua ntej, cov khoom yog kho nrog ib co alloy los yog tov ntawm chromate, nitrate, los yog ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam oxidizing neeg sawv cev. Qhov no yuav muab cov hlau tiv thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm corrosion. Cov txheej txheem kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm alkaline lossis acidic xwm.
Cov tshuaj oxidation, nqa tawm los ntawm kev siv alkalis, yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub ntawm 30 txog 180 ° C. Rau cov txheej txheem zoo li no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau siv cov alkalis nrog ib qho me me ntawm cov tshuaj oxidizing. Tom qab ib feem tau kho nrog alkaline compound, nws yuav tsum tau muab yaug kom huv si thiab ces qhuav. Qee zaum cov khoom ua haujlwm uas twb dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem oxidation tuaj yeem ntxiv roj.
Txoj kev ntawm cov kua qaub
Txhawm rau siv txoj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kua qaub, nws yuav tsum tau siv ntau cov kua qaub, feem ntau yog ob lossis peb. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm hom no yog hydrochloric, orthophosphoric thiab nitric acids. Ib qho me me ntawm manganese tebchaw thiab lwm yam ntxiv rau lawv, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub uas oxidation ntawm hlau - hlau tuaj yeem tshwm sim, los ntawm kev siv cov kua qaub, nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 30 txog 100 ° C.
Tshuaj oxidation, piav qhia txog ob txoj hauv kev, muab sijhawm rau tus neeg kom tau txais, ob qho tib si hauv kev tsim khoom thiab hauv tsev, ib zaj duab xis uas ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo txaus ntawm cov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias kev tiv thaiv cov hlau thiab lwm yam hlau yuav txhim khu kev qha yog tias siv cov txheej txheem electrochemical. Nws yog vim qhov zoo ntawm electrochemical. txoj kev tshaj tshuaj oxidation, tom kawg yog siv tsawg zaus rau cov khoom steel.
Anodic daim ntawv ntawm oxidation
Oxidation ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem tshwm sim siv cov txheej txheem anodic. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem electrochemical oxidation hu ua anodic. Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm electrolytes ntawm ib tug khoom los yog kua lub xeev ntawm aggregation. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv txoj kev no yuav tso cai rau koj siv cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo rau cov khoom:
- Lub thickness ntawm txheej nyias txheej yog li ntawm 0.1 txog 0.4 micrometers.
- Hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab hnav-tiv taus yog ua tau yog tias lub thickness yogfluctuate ntawm ob mus rau peb mus rau peb puas microns.
- Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv=0.3 - 15 microns.
- Cov txheej txheem nrog cov khoom zoo ib yam li enamel tuaj yeem siv tau. Cov kws tshwj xeeb feem ntau hu ua zaj duab xis txheej txheej.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom uas tau raug anodized yog qhov muaj peev xwm zoo. Cov txheej txheem no tau pom zoo los txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, nrog rau tsim cov txheej txheem dielectric ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov hlau thiab cov hlau.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm oxidation ntawm anodized hom hlau tuaj yeem, yog tias xav tau, ua los ntawm ib tus neeg hauv tsev, hauv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws li txhua yam kev nyab xeeb, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau ua yam tsis muaj xwm txheej. Qhov no yog vim kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav heev hauv txoj kev no.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm anodizing yog txoj kev ntawm microarc oxidation. Nws tso cai rau ib tug neeg kom tau txais ib tug xov tooj ntawm tshwj xeeb coatings nrog siab tsis muaj ib tug zoo nkauj, tshav kub-resistant, tiv thaiv, insulating thiab anti-corrosion hom. Daim ntawv microarc ntawm cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem nqa tawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv lossis hloov pauv tam sim no hauv cov tuab ntawm electrolytes uas muaj cov cim me ntsis alkaline. Cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ua rau nws ua tau kom tau ib txheej thickness ntawm ob puas mus rau ob puas thiab tsib caug microns. Tom qab ua haujlwm, qhov saum npoo yuav zoo ib yam li ceramics.
Bluing process
Oxidation ntawm ferrous hlau nyob rau hauv kev terminology hu uabluing.
Thaum tham txog kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hlau, xws li oxidizing, blackening lossis bluing, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog txheej txheem thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheej ntawm hlau oxide yog tsim los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau los yog hlau alloy tsawg. Raws li txoj cai, lub thickness ntawm xws li ib tug zaj duab xis nyob ntawm qhov ntau ntawm ib mus rau kaum microns. Lub thickness ntawm txheej kuj txiav txim siab muaj cov xim tint. Nyob ntawm qhov nce ntawm qhov tuab ntawm zaj duab xis txheej, cov xim tuaj yeem yog: daj, xim av, cherry, ntshav, xiav thiab grey.
Tam sim no muaj ntau hom bluing:
- Alkaline hom yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev siv cov kev daws teeb meem tsim nyog, nrog rau kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm, nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 135 txog 150 degrees Celsius.
- Acid type bluing siv cov tshuaj acidic thiab tshuaj los yog electrochemical.
- Daim ntawv thermal ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv qhov kub txaus (ntawm 200 txog 400 ° C). Cov txheej txheem yuav siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm cov huab cua ntawm superheated dej vapor. Yog tias siv ammonia-cawv sib tov, ces qhov kub yuav tsum tau nce mus rau 880 ° C, thiab hauv cov ntsev ntsev - los ntawm 400 mus rau 600 ° C. Kev siv cov huab cua huab cua yuav tsum tau ua ntej txheej txheej ntawm cov kua roj vanish, uas yuav tsum yog asph alt lossis roj.
Introduction to Thermal Oxidation
Thermal oxidation ntawm cov hlau yog cov txheej txheem uas siv oxide zaj duab xis rau hlau hauvqhov chaw ntawm cov dej vapor cua. Lwm cov xov xwm uas muaj cov pa oxygen uas muaj qhov kub siab txaus kuj tuaj yeem siv tau. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev rau kev kho cua sov hauv tsev, thiab yog li ntawd, raws li txoj cai, nws tsis ua. Hais txog plasma hom oxidation, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua ua qhov no hauv tsev.
Kev ua haujlwm tus kheej
Oxidation ntawm hlau hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm nws tus kheej. Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog los ua cov khoom lag luam steel rau kev ua haujlwm zoo li no. Ua li no, koj thawj zaug yuav tsum tau txhuam los yog ntxuav qhov chaw uas yuav ua haujlwm oxidation. Tom ntej no, oxides yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm kev siv cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm tsib feem pua H2SO4 (sulfuric acid). Cov khoom yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv cov kua rau rau caum vib nas this.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej
Tom qab theem ntawm qhov tso rau hauv cov kua qaub da dej dhau lawm, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav hauv qab dej sov thiab passivated los yog, ua lwm yam lus, boiled cov khoom rau tsib feeb. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv cov kua dej los ntawm cov dej uas muaj tsib caug grams ntawm cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws yooj yim. Ntawm no qhov kev suav yog rau 1 liter ntawm kua. Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov haujlwm no, peb tau los txog qhov kawg ntawm oxidation. Txhawm rau siv cov txheej txheem, koj yuav tsum:
- Siv cov thawv uas enameled thiab tsis muaj chips lossis khawb rau sab hauv.
- Sau lub thawv nrog dej thiab dilute nrog qhov tsim nyog ntawm grams ntawm caustic soda (ib 1 liter=50 grams).
- Txav lub nkoj los ntawmdej rau ntawm qhov cub thiab tso cov khoom rau saum.
- Kub qhov sib tov kom txog 135-150 ° C.
Tom qab 90 feeb, koj tuaj yeem rub tawm ib feem thiab xav txog koj txoj haujlwm.
Qee data
Tus nyeem yuav paub tias yog xav tau kev ua haujlwm, tab sis thaum tsis muaj kev txawj lossis kev ntshaw, qhov kev thov no tuaj yeem hais rau ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Oxidation ntawm cov hlau hauv Moscow, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv ntau yam kev pabcuam, thiab hauv tsev, los ntawm tib neeg. Qee hom kev tiv thaiv zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau kim heev. Nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, hom anodized ntawm oxidation yuav kim heev, tab sis nws yuav muab ib tug siab kev ntseeg siab rau cov khoom. Txhawm rau nrhiav cov kws tshaj lij hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws txaus los ntaus ntawv hauv Google tshawb nrhiav, piv txwv li: "ua cov tshuaj oxidation hauv … (ib lub nroog lossis cheeb tsam)", lossis qee yam zoo sib xws.
