Tub rog yog lub ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb nrog nws cov kev cai lij choj thiab kev lis kev cai, nruj hierarchy thiab meej faib cov dej num. Thiab cov tub ceev xwm junior yeej ib txwm, pib los ntawm Roman legions thaum ub, yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog zoo tib yam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov tub ceev xwm uas tsis yog tub txib. Lawv yog leej twg thiab lawv ua haujlwm dab tsi hauv tub rog?
History of the term
Cia peb saib seb leej twg yog tus tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub txib. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tub rog qib pib coj zoo nyob rau hauv Russia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th nrog lub advent ntawm thawj pab tub rog. Thaum lub sij hawm, tsuas yog me me hloov pauv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws - thiab rau ntau tshaj ob puas xyoo nws tseem zoo li tsis hloov. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm xyoo 1917, kev hloov pauv loj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev ua tub rog, tab sis tam sim no feem ntau ntawm cov qub qib tseem siv hauv tub rog.
Thaum chiv keeb tsis muaj kev faib ua ntu zus rau hauv qib qis. Nyob rau hauv cov tub rog archery, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm junior commanders tau ua si los ntawm conscripts. Tom qab ntawd, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog tsis tu ncua, ib pawg tshiab ntawm cov tub rog qis tau tshwm sim - cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub rog. Lo lus yog los ntawm German keeb kwm. Thiab qhov no tsis yog coincidence, txij li ntau tau qiv thaum lub sijhawm ntawdlos ntawm txawv teb chaws lub xeev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Peter lub Great. Nws yog nws uas tsim thawj pab tub rog Lavxias teb sab tsis tu ncua. Txhais los ntawm German, unter txhais tau tias "qis".
Txij li thaum xyoo pua 18th hauv cov tub rog Lavxias, thawj qib tub rog tau muab faib ua ob pawg: cov tub ceev xwm ntiag tug thiab cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub rog. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov phom loj thiab cov tub rog Cossack, cov tub rog qis tau hu ua cov foob pob hluav taws thiab cov tub ceev xwm, raws li.
Txoj kev kom tau lub npe
Yog li, tus tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub ceev xwm yog qib qis tshaj ntawm cov tub rog. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev kom tau txais qib no. Cov nom tswv tau nkag mus rau hauv kev ua tub rog hauv qib qis tshaj tam sim ntawd, tsis muaj chaw ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau nce qib thiab tau txais lawv thawj qib tub ceev xwm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, qhov xwm txheej no ua rau muaj ntau tshaj ntawm cov tub ceev xwm uas tsis yog tub txib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg saib xyuas, qhov twg feem coob nyiam ua haujlwm.
Tag nrho lwm tus yuav tsum ua haujlwm plaub xyoos ua ntej tau nce mus rau lieutenant lossis sergeant loj. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov uas tsis yog nom tswv tuaj yeem tau txais ib tus tub ceev xwm qib rau kev ua tub rog tshwj xeeb.
qeb twg yog cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog thawj coj
Tshaj li 200 xyoo dhau los, kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv qib qis tshaj ntawm cov tub rog. Lub sijhawm ntau lub sijhawm, cov qib hauv qab no tau koom nrog cov tub ceev xwm uas tsis yog-commissioned:
- Tshaj tawm thiab kos npe yog cov tub ceev xwm siab tshaj plaws uas tsis yog thawj coj.
- Sergeant loj (nyob rau hauv lub cavalry nws tuav qib ntawm sergeant loj) – ib tug tsis yog-commissioned tub ceev xwm uas tuav ib tug nruab nrab txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov qeb ntawm ib tug tub rog thiab ib tug lieutenant. Nws tau ua tus pab lub tuam txhab commander raueconomic affairs thiab internal order.
- Tus tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub ceev xwm - pab pawg thawj coj, tus thawj coj ncaj qha ntawm cov tub rog. Nws muaj kev ywj pheej thiab kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv kev kawm thiab kev cob qhia ntawm privates. Nws khaws kev txiav txim hauv chav tsev, muab tub rog rau cov khaub ncaws thiab ua haujlwm.
- Tus tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub ceev xwm yog tus thawj coj ntawm tus kheej tam sim ntawd. Nws yog nrog nws tias kev loj hlob thiab kev cob qhia tub rog pib, nws tau pab nws pawg ntseeg hauv kev cob qhia tub rog thiab coj lawv mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, nyob rau hauv cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab, es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug junior non-commission tub ceev xwm, muaj nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm corporal. Nws tau koom nrog cov tub rog qis tshaj plaws. Ib tug tub rog nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog ib tug junior sergeant. Cov tub rog Asmeskas tseem muaj qib Lance Corporal.
Non-commissioned officer ntawm tsarist pab tub rog
Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab kev tsov rog Lavxias-Japanese thiab thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, kev tsim cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub rog ntawm tsarist tau muab qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Rau cov tub rog tau nce tam sim ntawd, tsis muaj tub ceev xwm txaus, thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv tub rog tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no. Lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuam kev tsis tso cai rau kev cob qhia ib tug tub rog tub rog tshaj lij. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Tsov Rog tau sim nrog tag nrho nws lub peev xwm los khaws cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub rog, uas muaj kev cia siab zoo rau kev kawm thiab kev cob qhia ntawm cov neeg ntiag tug. Lawv maj mam pib raug hu ua ib txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Nws tau txiav txim siab kom mus txog ib feem peb ntawm cov tub rog qis dua ntawm kev pabcuam mus sij hawm ntev.
Cov neeg so haujlwm tau pib nce lawv cov nyiaj hli, lawv tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo. cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis raug cai,cov uas ua hauj lwm dhau 15 xyoo muaj cai tau nyiaj laus thaum raug lawb tawm.
Hauv cov tub rog tsarist, cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub ceev xwm tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm ntawm ntiag tug. Lawv yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txiav txim hauv cov chav nyob, xaiv cov tub rog rau cov khaub ncaws, muaj cai tshem tawm tus kheej tawm ntawm chav tsev, thiab tau koom nrog kev txheeb xyuas yav tsaus ntuj.
Kev tshem tawm cov tub rog qis dua
Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig xyoo 1917, tag nrho cov tub rog tau raug tshem tawm. Ib zaug ntxiv, cov tub rog qib tau qhia twb nyob rau xyoo 1935. Cov tub ceev xwm loj, cov tub ceev xwm laus thiab cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub ceev xwm tau hloov los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub ceev xwm laus, cov tub ceev xwm tau pib cuam tshuam rau tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab lub cim rau niaj hnub no. Ntau tus neeg nto moo ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau pib ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog nrog cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tub ceev xwm: GK Zhukov, KK Rokossovsky, V. K. Blucher, G. Kulik, kws sau paj huam Nikolai Gumilyov.
