Lomonosov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov duab. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li hauv ntau qhov chaw. Ib tug amazing cwm pwm nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm txuj ci thiab nws universalism yog Lomonosov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, physics, mechanics, metallurgy, chemistry, geography, astronomy, linguistics - txhua qhov chaw uas nws tso nws lub cim, ua rau ntau qhov kev tshawb pom. Peb caw koj los paub txog qhov kev pab cuam uas nws ua rau kev hais lus muaj tswv yim.
Kev Kawm ntawm Lomonosov, ib qho ntawm kev muaj tswv yim
Nws txoj kev kawm yog qhov xwm txheej encyclopedic. Lomonosov paub Greek thiab Latin, ntau yam lus nyob sab Europe, paub txog cov cuab yeej cuab tam thaum ub thiab ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Mikhail Vasilievich, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj zog nyob rau hauv natural science tej hauj lwm thiab lub tsev teev ntuj Slavonic cov ntaub ntawv. Tag nrho cov no ua rau nws koom nrog yuav luag txhua qhov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Nws tseem yog noteworthy tias nws cov hauj lwm, ua ib tug synthesis ntawm achievements ntawm Lavxias teb sab,Cov haiv neeg nyob sab Europe thiab thaum ub, lub teb chaws tob heev.
Sib ntaus tawm tsam "kev txawv teb chaws"
Lomonosov tau ua ntau yam kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab lus Lavxias. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog kev sib ntaus tawm tsam "neeg txawv teb chaws". Mikhail Vasilyevich tau pom tias cov lus Lavxias tau hnyav hnyav nrog ntau yam lus txawv teb chaws, nrog rau cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg, tsis muaj hnub kawg ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic. Nws txiav txim siab ntxuav nws, qhia nws txoj kev nplua nuj. Lomonosov tau tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov lus sau rau pej xeem. Nws coj txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib txuas cov lus tseem ceeb hauv Lavxias thiab Slavic lus.
Mikhail Vasilievich qhov kev tawm tsam tawm tsam "cov neeg txawv tebchaws" ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Ua tsaug rau nws, Lavxias teb sab lus tau ntxiv dag zog. Lomonosov yog ib tug connoisseur ntawm ntau yam lus thiab ib tug ci ntsa iab kws tshawb fawb. Nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov lus Lavxias tsim nyog rau kev tshawb fawb lub tswv yim. Yog li Mikhail Vasilyevich tau tso lub hauv paus rau phau ntawv txhais lus tshawb fawb thiab txuj ci. Ntau qhov kev qhia txuj ci uas nws tau tsim los ua ruaj khov hauv lub neej niaj hnub thiab tseem siv niaj hnub no.
"Zoo nkauj zoo nkauj" los ntawm Lomonosov
Cov "lub suab paj nruag" uas Lomonosov siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm "kev ua tsis zoo qub" rau nws hom lus, xws li hauv Trediakovsky cov ntawv sau. Qhov no yog ib qho kev sim rov xav txog qhov ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub Lavxias thaum lub sijhawm nyuaj rau nws. Peb tab tom tham txog qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th - pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, nrog rau qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, lub siab xav rov ua kom muaj kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab paj huam muaj tswv yim yog yam ntxwv. Thaum lub sijhawm nocov style ntawm "weaving lus" tshwm, ua rau lub suab nyuaj. Lomonosov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yeej ua rau kev sim mus ntxiv dab tsi Epiphanius tus txawj ntse ib zaug sim ua, thiab tom qab ib pliag - Evfimy Chudovsky, Epiphanius Slavinetsky thiab nws lwm yam predecessors.
Qhov tseeb tias Mikhail Vasilyevich tau hwm cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias thaum ub tau ua pov thawj los ntawm nws txoj kev npaj los tsim cov phau ntawv txhais lus, uas yuav tsum suav nrog cov lus kos los ntawm Novgorod annals thiab cov annals ntawm Nestor. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txiav txim siab sau ib txoj hauj lwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus Slovenian thiab dab tsi tuaj yeem coj los ntawm nws thiab siv hauv kev sau ntawv.
Lomonosov's style theory
Lomonosov hauv cov ntaub ntawv tau sim los hloov kho "classical" txoj kev xav ntawm peb hom tau txais thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws tsis txaus siab rau nws. Nws xav nkag siab txog cov qauv qub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub thiab ua haujlwm. Lomonosov qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no: pietic, rhetorical, yooj yim, didascalic thiab keeb kwm. Feem ntau lawv ua tiav ib leeg. Mikhail Vasilyevich kuj tig mus rau "florid style". Nws txoj haujlwm "Rhetoric", luam tawm xyoo 1748, muaj ib tshooj rau nws. Nws hais tias ornate hais lus yog kab lus nyob rau hauv uas lub predicate thiab cov ntsiab lus yog conjugated nyob rau hauv ib tug "tsim nyog" txoj kev thiab yog li tsim ib yam dab tsi "zoo siab" thiab "tseem ceeb". Yog li ntawd, lub eloquence thiab pomp ntawm Lomonosov cov lus yog to taub raws li ib tug continuation ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab lus.kev cai dab qhuas.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Lomonosov's poetic creations
Lomonosov tau ua ntau yam rau Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Nws txoj kev koom tes rau kev sau ntawv yog qhov zoo heev uas ib tus tuaj yeem hais tias Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv pib nrog nws. Qhov no tau sau tseg los ntawm Belinsky Vissarion Grigoryevich, tus neeg thuam nto moo. Hauv nws tsab xov xwm hu ua "Literary Dreams" nws tau muab qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Thiab ib tug tsis tuaj yeem tab sis pom zoo nrog qhov kev xav no. Tsis tsuas yog nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov lus Lavxias teb sab lus, tab sis kuj nrog nws cov paj huam tsim tawm, M. V. Lomonosov qhib nplooj ntawv tshiab hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Thiab tsis yog hauv nws xwb.
Ib tug tuaj yeem hais tias Lomonosov, uas nws txoj kev koom tes rau cov ntawv nyeem tsis muaj nuj nqis, tau qhib lub sijhawm tshiab hauv keeb kwm ntawm txhua haiv neeg Lavxias. Nws mob siab rau hauv nws txoj haujlwm kom tso kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm kev txwv hauv chav kawm. Lomonosov kuj nrhiav kom paub tseeb tias nws tsis koom nrog pawg ntseeg. Mikhail Lomonosov xav tsim kom muaj kab lis kev cai thoob tebchaws.
Classicism hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Mikhail Vasilievich
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias, 2nd ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog lub sijhawm ntawm classicism. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no yog tsim los qhia txog lub neej tsis zoo li nws yog, tab sis nyob rau hauv zoo tagnrho manifestations. Nws yuav tsum muab tus qauv coj ua. Tag nrho cov creation ntawm classicism tau muab faib ua 3 yam. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws cov lus, cov ntsiab lus thiab hom.
Literary cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Lomonosov
Lub npe ntawm Mikhail Vasilyevich tau txuas nrog kev txhim kho ntawm qhov nodestinations nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo li Lomonosov hauv cov ntawv nyeem? Cia peb piav me ntsis txog nws txoj kev pab. Tus kws sau paj huam tau tsim ntau yam haujlwm hauv ntau hom thaum nws lub neej muaj tswv yim. Epigrams, inscriptions, lus, idylls, thiab dab neeg yog nyob rau hauv nws cwj mem. Tsis tas li ntawd, Mikhail Vasilievich tig mus rau satire. Lomonosov ua dab tsi ntxiv hauv cov ntawv nyeem? Luv luv tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws txoj kev koom tes, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws tsim 2 qhov xwm txheej thiab sim nws txhais tes ntawm "lub teeb paj huam". Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov ode uas yog nws hom nyiam.
Ode as a genre
Hom no hauv classicism belongs rau cov style siab. Lub ode yuav tsum hu nkauj ntawm qee tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv lub xeev lossis cov xwm txheej, qhuas qhov no lossis qhov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim hauv lub neej ntawm lub tebchaws. Hom ntawv no yuav tsum tau sau ua lus "solemn". Lub ode muaj ntau cov lus rhetorical thiab ntau yam tropes.
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nquag xa mus rau hom ntawv no hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm odes nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Lomonosov yog txiav txim los ntawm socio-political views uas tus kws sau paj lug professed. Rau feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Mikhail Vasilyevich cov hauj lwm yog heroic thiab patriotic.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Lomonosov's odes
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tebchaws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv Lomonosov lub odes. Tus kws sau paj huam tsis tau nkees ntawm kev hu nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm Russia, qhov dav thiab dav ntawm nws qhov chaw qhib, kev nplua nuj ntawm nws txoj kev nplua nuj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub ode ntawm 1748, ib tug majestic duab ntawm xwm yog tsim. Cov hauj lwm no, mob siab rau nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Elizabeth Petrovna, yog Lomonosov txoj kev pab zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv. Luv luv, nws boils muspiav qhia txog tus huab tais lub txiaj ntsim.
Tus sau sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv Elizabeth "tso ntsiag to" yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem tawg. Nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm peb pom ib tug personified duab ntawm xwm, uas stretches nws ob txhais ceg mus rau lub steppe, tig nws zoo siab saib thiab xam "nyob ib ncig ntawm txaus siab", dag nrog nws lub luj tshib ntawm lub Caucasus.
Yuav kom Leej Txiv txoj kev vam meej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom txhua feem ntawm cov pej xeem ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab nyuaj. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv odes ntawm Mikhail Vasilyevich yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nws yuav tsum muaj tseeb nrog kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb. Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua los tsim cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias, raws li Mikhail Lomonosov sib cav hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Mikhail Vasilyevich ntseeg tias kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev vam meej ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm. Ntau ntawm nws odes hu kom xaus rau kev tsov kev rog. Nws hu rau kev tsim ntawm "tus hlub silence." Yog li Mikhail Vasilyevich hu kev thaj yeeb ntawm tib neeg, kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam, kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev sib cav nyob hauv lub tebchaws.
Yog li, nws hu nkauj hauv nws cov haujlwm ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab cov neeg Lavxias, sawv cev rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm, hu rau kev vam meej hauv kev lag luam, kev lag luam thiab khoom siv tes ua. Mikhail Vasilievich convinces tus nyeem ntawv hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los tsim lub natural resources ntawm Russia. Nws qhuas txog kev yeej ntawm leej txiv ntawm lub tshav rog.
Kev tshaj tawm tsom ntawm ib qho
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov odes kuj txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv muaj kev tshaj tawm kev coj ua. Lomonosov tawm tswv yim enlightened absolutism. Nws paub tseeb tias txoj haujlwm ntawm kev hloov kho hauv lub tebchaws tuaj yeem ua tiavtsuas yog ib tug enlightened huab tais. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub teb chaws tus txiv neej ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Lomonosov txoj haujlwm. Tus kws sau paj huam muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm cov thawj coj txawj ntse uas saib xyuas kev txaus siab ntawm lub teb chaws nws txoj kev xav sab hauv ntawm Russia yuav tsum tau nruab li cas.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm "tus huab tais enlightened"
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm "tus huab tais pom kev" tau tshaj tawm tag nrho hauv nws txoj haujlwm hauv daim duab ntawm Peter I. Lomonosov ntseeg tias nws txoj haujlwm yog ib qho piv txwv ua raws. Nws hu Petus kuv ua nws tes haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus.
Txoj kev ntawm Lomonosov's ode
Lomonosov tau tsim nws cov odes ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hais lus. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm ntau yam hyperbole, metaphors, exclamations, allegories, npaj txhij txog kev sib piv, thiab lwm yam. Tus kws sau paj lug kuj siv Slavic thiab ancient Greek mythological dluab.
Txhua yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv saum toj no muab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tib lub sijhawm ua tus cwj pwm zoo rau nws cov odes. Lawv yog cov piv txwv zoo heev ntawm classicism.
Yog li, peb tau piav qhia luv luv Lomonosov qhov kev koom tes rau cov ntawv nyeem thiab lus Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm nws cov keeb kwm. Raws li peb tau hais, nws tau tso nws lub cim rau hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb. Nws yog ib tug txiv neej uas nyiam thiab txawj ntau yam. Nws cov keeb kwm tau raug kawm txog niaj hnub no, suav nrog Lomonosov ua dab tsi hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws phau ntawv keeb kwm suav nrog hauv chav kawm ntawm ntau yam kev kawm.
