Dab tsi yog lipids? Biochemistry them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau chav kawm ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Cia peb xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov qauv, nrog rau cov khoom, kev ua haujlwm, kev siv.
Theoretical yam
Lipids (rog) yog cov khoom hnyav molecular organic uas yog ib feem lossis tag nrho insoluble hauv dej. Lawv tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, cov kab mob uas tsis yog-polar organic solvents (benzene, ether, chloroform).
Lipids zais cia li cas? Lub biochemistry ntawm cov tebchaw no yog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv. Lawv muaj fatty acids, cawv, phosphoric acid, heterocyclic nitrogenous bases, carbohydrates. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau muab ib lo lus txhais ntawm lipids, muab pes tsawg-sided lawv cov qauv tshuaj.
Biological tseem ceeb
lipid metabolism ua haujlwm li cas? Biochemistry yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau lub luag haujlwm ua los ntawm cov tebchaw no: khaws cia, lub zog, cov qauv, kev tswj hwm, kev tiv thaiv. Cia peb tsom xam lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv:
- Structural function. Lipids, ua ke nrog cov proteins, yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cell membranes, uas yog, lawv cuam tshuam rau lawv cov permeability, koom tes hauv kev sib kis ntawm cov hlab ntsha impulse, tsim kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov cell.
- Lub zog muaj nuj nqi. Nws yog lipids uas hu ua "cellular" zog-intensive roj. Lub oxidation ntawm ib gram ntawm cov rog yog nrog los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm 39 kJ ntawm lub zog, uas yog 2 zaug siab dua oxidation ntawm carbohydrates.
- Reserve muaj nuj nqi. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv tsub zuj zuj ntawm ntxiv zog nyob rau hauv lub cell. Reservation yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov roj hlwb - adipocytes. Lub cev ntawm tus neeg laus muaj 6-10 kg ntawm lipids.
- tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi. Cov rog yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thermal, ua tsaug rau lawv tiv thaiv lub cev ntawm lub cev thiab kev puas tsuaj. Hauv cov nroj tsuag, ua tsaug rau cov wax txheej, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev txuag dej yog lav.
- Regulatory muaj nuj nqi. Lipids yog suav tias yog precursors ntawm cov vitamins, cov tshuaj hormones (thromboxanes, prostaglandins, leukotrienes). Qhov kev ua haujlwm no kuj tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm cov khoom thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lipids.
Nws tseem ceeb kom paub
lipid metabolism yog dab tsi? Tib neeg biochemistry nyob ntawm cov roj metabolism. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws ua txhaum, ntau yam pathological tshwm sim: metabolic acidosis, rog rog, atherosclerosis, cholelithiasis. Lipid oxidation tshwm sim li cas? Biochemistry ntawm cov ntshav - yog dab tsi? Txhawm rau nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no, peb tig mus rau lawvclassification.
Department
Lipids suav nrog LDL, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL. Rau tib neeg lub cev, tsuas yog qee cov lipid tebchaw uas nyob hauv cov ntshav hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov so tsis tseem ceeb heev, vim tias qhov concentration ntawm lipoproteins tsawg tsawg. Dab tsi yog qhov kev faib tawm ntawm lipids raws li? Biochemistry suav nrog kev faib ntawm peb pawg:
- 1 pab. LDL (tsis tshua muaj lipoproteins tsawg), uas yog "phem" cov roj cholesterol, yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tib neeg thaum lawv cov concentration hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv. Xws li cov rog sai sai ua rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, txo cov lumen. Qhov no ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob plawv (atherosclerosis).
- 2 pab. HDL (high-density lipoproteins) yog "zoo" cholesterol, pab txo qis cov rog "phem" hauv cov hlab ntsha. Lipids digested li cas? Biochemistry qhia lawv txoj kev ncig los ntawm tib neeg cov hlab ntsha, vim tias qhov sib txuam ntawm LDL ntawm lawv cov phab ntsa raug tiv thaiv.
- 3 pab. Triglycerides, uas yog cov tebchaw ntawm ob peb fatty acids, nrog rau ob lub protein molecules. Lawv yog cov derivatives ntawm glycerol, lub zog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev hlwb, koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem lom neeg.
Lipid profile
Nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov concentration ntawm triglycerides los ntawm kev txo qis lossis nce ntxiv. Cov qauv no qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm pathologicalnyob hauv lub cev.
Kuj nyob rau hauv kev faib cov ntshav lipids, cov roj cholesterol esters thiab phospholipids txawv. Cov ntsuas no xav tau rau kev tshawb fawb profile. Ib qho lipid profile yog ib txheej kev kuaj ntshav uas tso cai rau koj los txheeb xyuas qhov txawv txav ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov rog hauv ib lub cev. Nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qhov sib txuas nrog lipidogram. Cov kev tshawb fawb no muaj nyob rau hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov concentration ntawm cov rog hauv cov ntshav. Cov profile suav nrog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm cov roj ntsha tseem ceeb ("zoo" thiab "tsis zoo"), lawv qhov sib piv.
Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm lipid profile
Nws tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv, ntsuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim ib tus neeg predisposition rau qhov nce ntawm lipids hauv cov ntshav. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lipid profile yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Rau txhua tus neeg, lub tswv yim ntawm "tus qauv" sib txawv, nyob ntawm ntau yam tsis muaj: txoj kev ua neej, kab mob caj ces.
Kev xaiv qhov chaw
Kev kuaj Lipid yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob atherosclerosis. Lipidogram yog ib qho kev xaiv xaiv. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm qee yam kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los nqa tawm ntawm 1-2 zaug hauv ib xyoos. Ntawm cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no, cov kws tshaj lij xav txog cov teeb meem hauv qab no:
- extrahepatic jaundice;
- ncua sijhawm myocardial infarction;
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- kab mob oncological ntawm pancreas;
- kev npamkab mob;
- sepsis;
- rog dhau ntawm qib sib txawv;
- raum tsis ua haujlwm;
- anorexia.
Yog tias ib tus neeg muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob uas tau teev tseg saum toj no, qhov zaus ntawm lipid tsom xam yog 1 zaug hauv 6 lub hlis. Lipidogram yog suav tias yog txoj kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov kab mob, saib xyuas lawv txoj kev kho tau.
Kev xeem ua li cas
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj cov ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha cubital rau kev tshuaj xyuas thaum sawv ntxov (ntawm plab khoob). Ua ntej txiav txim siab txog lipid profile, kev npaj ua ntej yog tsim nyog txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj.
Ntawm cov kev npaj ua ntej yog: pub ntshav thaum sawv ntxov, tso cawv, haus luam yeeb, ntxhov siab ntau dhau, kev ntxhov siab (tsawg kawg ib hnub). Lipidogram yog ua raws li qhov no. Tus kws kho mob tham nrog tus neeg mob. Yog tias tsis muaj contraindications, kev kuaj ntshav yog ua los ntawm cov hlab ntsha lossis phalanx ntawm tus ntiv tes. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom siv biomaterial raug xa mus rau chav kuaj xyuas. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ib daim ntawv kuaj mob tau kos, uas piav qhia ntxaws txog cov lipid profile ntawm tus neeg mob kuaj. Cov txiaj ntsig raug xa mus rau ib tus neeg, lossis xa mus rau tus kws tshaj lij.
Summarize
Lipids yog ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj organic uas suav nrog cov rog thiab lipoids (fat-like compounds). Cov rog, pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hlwb, yog ib tug natural barrier. Lawv txwv cell permeability, muaj nyob rau hauvmuaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj hormones. Lawv yog cov tshuaj hydrophobic uas tsim cov emulsion nrog dej. Lipids yog soluble heev hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic (cawv, acetone, benzene). Yog tsis muaj rog, tag nrho kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev yog ua tsis tau. Lipid metabolism tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau tus mob, ua rau muaj kab mob loj.
