Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab feem ntau siv rau tib neeg kev ua ub no. Kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev txav ntawm qhov chaw hauv txhua lub tshuab yog ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev txo qis kev sib txhuam thiab deformation. Rau qhov no, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb hu ua antifriction. Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txo cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam, ua kom yooj yim rau kev zawv zawg ntawm qhov txav ntawm cov txheej txheem. Kab lus no yuav tham txog cov khoom tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv siv rau lub hom phiaj no.
Tim kev sib txhuam
Kev sib txhuam tshwm sim thaum lub cev txav mus los ntawm kev sib cuag. Muaj ob hom loj:
- Qhuav - qhov chaw ntawm cov khib nyiab nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv txoj siv sia thiab kev sib txhuam tsav.
- Kua - thaum muaj cov roj txheej ntawm cov kua nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab lub cev tsis txhob kov. Pom nyob rau hauv thrust bearings, bearings.
Thiab kuj paub qhov txawvHom kev sib txhuam nruab nrab: semi-qhuav thiab semi-kua.
Hais txog kev txav ntawm lub cev, cov kev sib txhuam hauv qab no tau sau tseg:
- so - tshwm sim thaum tus txheeb ze ntawm lub cev;
- slip - manifests nws tus kheej nrog kev txheeb ze ntawm cov txheej txheem;
- rolling - kev sib txhuam sab nraud thaum dov lub cev.
Nyob ntawm hom kev sib txhuam, cov khoom siv nrog qee yam kev sib txhuam yog xaiv rau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.
Cov ntaub ntawv siv los txo kev sib txhuam
Txhua cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam uas muab cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam qis yog muab faib ua:
- Hlau - peb-hlau alloys yog siv, uas muaj tooj liab (babbits). Tsim los ua haujlwm hauv hom kev sib txhuam ua kua.
- hmoov - raws li hlau thiab tooj liab nrog ntxiv ntawm graphite thiab sulfides. Siv dav hauv cov kabmob.
- Tus kheej-lubricating sintered - cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm hlau nrog graphite, tooj liab thiab tooj liab yog siv rau kev tsim khoom. Lawv yog siv rau zus tau tej cov dawb bearings ntawm tsawg speeds thiab nyob rau hauv tsis muaj kev poob siab loads. Cov khoom zoo los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam ua rau lawv tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub lubrication nyuaj.
- Nrog cov khoom lubricating khoom - raws li cov txheej nyias nyias ntawm qhov chaw, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv roj nplua nyeem muaj cov chlorides, hlau oxides, fluorides, plastics. Cov khoom lag luam khiav nrawm dua.
- Non-metallic - ua los ntawmplastics: thermoplastic thiab thermosetting. Siv rau kiv cua bearings, dov mills.
- Hlau-polymer - muaj cov khoom sib txawv. Lawv muab faib ua matrix, dispersed thiab txheej. Siv rau zus tau tej cov bearings, gears thiab sprockets.
- Minerals - siv ntuj (agate) thiab dag (corundum). Lawv ua cov kabmob me me rau cov tachometers, moos, gyroscopes.
Txhua cov khoom pom nws daim ntawv thov los tsim cov khoom raws li nws cov khoom tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam.
tsis muaj kev sib txhuam alloys
Los ntawm cov hlau zoo li no, kev sib txhuam cov kabmob yog tsim, yog li lawv yuav tsum muaj:
- Tsawg coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam piv rau cov khoom siv ncej, uas yog feem ntau hardened steel.
- zoo thermal conductivity.
- Corrosion resistance.
- Small hardness.
- Khoom pub kom roj khaws cia.
Ua kom tau raws li cov khoom teev tseg, cov qauv ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum suav nrog cov hlau nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv, uas muaj zog softness thiab ductility ntawm lub hauv paus. Thiab nws twb interspersed nrog cov khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj sib txuas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub ncej yog khiav ceev nyob rau hauv lub bearing, me grooves tshwm rau ntawm nws los ntawm cov khoom hais, uas yog sau nrog roj thiab los ntawm cov khoom hnav raug tshem tawm. Raws li tin, lead, tooj liab, cadmium, bismuth,thiab suav nrog yog tsim los ntawm antimony thiab tooj liab alloys.
Kev siv tooj liab alloys hauv kev sib txhuam units
Bronze yog ib qho hlau ntawm tooj liab nrog ntau yam hlau, uas tuaj yeem suav nrog tin, aluminium, silicon, lead, beryllium thiab ntau lwm yam khoom ntxiv. Nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm ib lossis lwm lub ntsiab lus suav nrog hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, bronze hu ua tin, aluminium, txhuas. Bronzes yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv nrog kev sib txhuam ntxiv. Cov bronzes zoo tshaj plaws yog suav tias yog cov khoom tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam, ua los ntawm tin.
Tin-phosphorus tau pom lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb zoo, los ntawm cov kabmob uas tau tsim, ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev thauj khoom tseem ceeb thiab kev kub ceev. Qhov tsuas yog drawback yog lawv cov nqi siab, yog li lawv tau hloov los ntawm txhuas thiab txhuas bronzes. Thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txhoj puab heev, aluminium bronze feem ntau yog siv rau bearings bushings. Lawv, ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam, muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo. Lead muab cov coefficient tsawg ntawm kev sib txhuam. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv los ua cov bearings rau kev kub siab thiab kev kub ceev ua haujlwm.
Anti-kev sib txhuam alloys: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom
Hauv kev lag luam, rau kev tsim cov khoom txhuam ntawm cov txheej txheem, ntau yam alloys yog siv nrog me me coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam:
- tooj dag yog cov hlau uas nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog tooj liab thiab zinc. Nws tuaj yeem suav nrog cov khoom hauv daim ntawvaluminium, tin, lead, manganese thiab lwm yam khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub zog thiab tsis tshua muaj coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam, nws yog inferior rau bronze thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm dawb bearings kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm tsawg speeds.
- Babbit yog cov alloys nyuaj nrog cov khoom sib txawv thiab lub cev, tab sis muaj ib lub hauv paus mos: tin los yog txhuas nrog nyuaj ntxiv ntawm alkali hlau alloys, tooj liab lossis antimony. Vim lub hauv paus mos, cov bearings tau zoo khiav mus rau hauv lub ncej, thiab cov khoom siv tawv tawv ua rau muaj kev hnav tsis kam. Lub siab tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam zoo ntawm babbitt, tab sis qis zog dua li tooj liab thiab cam khwb cia hlau, ua rau nws siv tau tsuas yog siv cov txheej nyias nyias rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom.
Cov khoom roj
Yuav kom lav qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib txhuam, txo qis kev sib txhuam, siv cov roj lubricating. Lawv txhua tus raug cais los ntawm:
- origin;
- txheej txheem ntawm kev txais;
- assigned.
Lubricating roj ua haujlwm hauv qab no:
- txo qis kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw hauv kev sib cuag;
- txo qis hnav thiab tiv thaiv scuffing;
- muab cov cua kub dissipation los ntawm cov khoom txhuam;
- Y tiv thaiv corrosion.
Cov khoom tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam ntawm cov roj dag hauv lawv lub peev xwm los txo cov zog ntawm kev sib txhuam. Viscosity yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab cov khoom siv feem ntau. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov roj zoo, ntau yamantifriction additives kom muaj zog, ncua kev ua haujlwm ntawm chav tsev, txo cov loads. Lawv txhim khu cov khoom ntawm cov roj, ua rau lub sij hawm ntawm kev hloov ntawm lub lubricant muaj pes tsawg leeg. Antifriction additives pab tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw, theem lawv qhov chaw thiab du tawm kev sib txhuam. Los ntawm kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab oily, ruaj khov, lawv txo qhov hnav ntawm qhov chaw.
tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam ntawm epoxy polymers
Epoxy polymers yog cov kua nplaum uas tawv thaum muaj ntau yam organic ntxiv rau lawv. Lawv muaj lub zog txhua yam thiab siv los ua pob zeb, hlau, iav thiab ntoo. Vim cov khoom no, lawv tau siv rau kev tsim cov hlau-polymer qhov chaw, tsim bushings, rollers, zog, bearings thiab couplings.
Fillers muab cov khoom epoxy polymer siab tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam. Cov khoom tuaj yeem khiav yam tsis muaj lubrication yog tias siv dej ntub dej. Cov txheej txheem yog huab cua thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam
Rau cov kabmob tiaj, ob hom yas feem ntau siv:
- Thermosetting - cov no suav nrog textolite, uas yog siv los tsim cov bearings rau dov mills, propellers thiab hydraulic machines. Cov khoom yog hnyav, dej lubricated thiab txias.
- Thermoplastic - polyamides yog siv dav: fluoroplastic, nylon, anid. Cov txiaj ntsig tau siabKev sib txhuam cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, corrosion kuj thiab zoo hnav tsis kam nyob rau hauv siab loads thiab zawv zawg speeds.
txhawm rau txo kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw, ntau cov khoom ntim tau qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom lubricants, uas, thaum siv rau ntawm qhov chaw, tsim cov qauv ntawm cov kua muaju. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias fluoroplast muaj ib tug tsawg coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam, tab sis tsis zoo cua sov dissipation thiab fluidity nyob rau hauv load yog xam tau tias yog ib tug tsis zoo, yog li nws yog siv nrog rau lwm yam ntaub ntawv.
Zoo kawg
Cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam yog tsim rau kev tsim cov liners thiab bearings, uas yooj yim hloov thaum hnav. Cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom yuav tsum muaj ntau dua coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam, piv txwv li, thaum cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cuag, qhov nyuaj-rau-hloov ib feem ntawm lub tshuab tseem tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Qhov no tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum cov khoom ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yog endowed nrog zoo heev los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam ntawm cov analogue.
