Koj tuaj yeem kawm cov nuances ntawm cov lus Lavxias tag nrho koj lub neej, yam tsis muaj kev paub txog qhov nyuaj no. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog cov cim cim tshwj xeeb, uas yog hu ua "hyphen" thiab "dash". Lawv txawv li cas thiab yuav sau li cas (lossis luam) lawv kom raug - peb yuav nkag siab qhov no.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Tseem, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, koj yuav tsum tau nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, ib tug hyphen thiab ib tug khiav ceev yog ob qho tag nrho cov cim cim cim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv spelling, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias cov kev cai rau kev sau lawv tsis yog li yooj yim - muaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov nuances sib txawv thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas kom raug siv qhov no los yog cov cim cim. To taub qhov no yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus no. Txoj cai tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb:
- hyphen yog siv los txuas qhov chaw ntawm ib lo lus;
- dash yog tsim los cais ob lo lus (yog tias lo lus tau hais, ces ncua me me yuav tsum ua raws li qhov khiav ceev).
teeb meem tseem ceeb
Yog li, peb xam pom tias cov cim qhia txawv ntawm lawv lub hom phiajhyphen thiab dash (qhov txawv yog nyob rau hauv cov cai rau sau lawv). Tam sim no nws tsim nyog xav txog cov xwm txheej nyuaj tshaj plaws thaum ib tus neeg yuav muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov yuav tsum tau muab tso rau - hyphen los yog dash.
- Tus hyphen yog siv thaum sau ob lub npe (Petrov-Vodkin, Gay-Lussac).
- Dash tau muab tso rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov kev cai lij choj uas muaj npe tom qab cov npe ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb (Boyle-Mariotte txoj cai).
- Qhov khiav ceev yog muab tso rau hauv cov lej thiab qhov sib txawv (20-21st caug xyoo, ntawm nplooj 1-2, Kyiv-Moscow). Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv hloov pauv "ib qho los yog lwm qhov", ces koj yuav tsum tau muab ib qho hyphen (peb mus rau plaub hnub).
- Nyob rau hauv ntau tus lej, tus lej cim, sau tus lej (tel. 5-36-42).
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau hais tias yog cov lus uas sau nrog tus hyphen hloov mus ua cov kab lus, ces koj yuav tsum tau muab qhov sib tsoo lossis qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li: "ib nrab diav" ua "ib nrab diav".
Puas muaj thib peb?
Hauv Lavxias, muaj ob lub cim cim uas zoo ib yam - ib qho hyphen thiab ib tug khiav ceev (lawv txawv qhov ntev ntawm tus pas thaum sau). Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub topography muaj ib tug ntau txheeb ze ntawm lawv, uas zoo li ib yam - qhov no yog ib tug rho tawm. Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab dab tsi yog luam tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv? Yog li, txoj cai tseem ceeb: saib qhov ntev ntawm tus pas uas luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv. Txhua yam yuav tsum zoo li no:
- Hyphen: -.
- Minus: –.
- Dash: -.
Thaum saib ib sab, qhov sib txawv yuav tsis pom zoo, tab sis lawv yeej muaj. Lub hyphen yog qhov luv tshaj ntawm cov cim, ua raws li tus minus, thiabtsuas yog tom qab ntawv khiav ceev - tus cim cim ntev tshaj plaws.
About computer typing
Muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov cim cim, koj yuav tsum kawm thiab nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas sau tus lej cim thiab cim hauv Lo Lus kom raug. Yog li, muaj qee yam keyboard shortcut rau qhov no.
- Txhawm rau ntaus tus hyphen (hyphen, dash), koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nrhiav cov cim sib xws ntawm cov keyboard (muaj ob lub cim rau qhov no).
- Minus (En dash). Txhawm rau ntaus tus cwj pwm no, koj yuav tsum nyem qhov tseem ceeb ua ke Ctrl + hyphen ntawm txoj cai tus lej keyboard (lub laij lej).
- Dash (Em dash). Txhawm rau muab cov cim cim cim npe no, koj yuav tsum nyem rau ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv qab no: "Duab" + Ctrl + hyphen ntawm tus lej keypad (lub laij lej).
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov lej tshwj xeeb rau kev ntaus hyphens thiab dashes ntawm cov keyboard. Dash - 0151; hyphen - 0150. Txhawm rau nkag mus, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nias "Duab" + tus lej sib raug rau tus yam xav tau.
About sau kos npe
Yog li peb paub tias tus hyphen thiab tus dash yog dab tsi. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv thaum ntaus ntawv - xam nws tawm. Tam sim no nws tsim nyog xav txog ob peb txoj cai los sau lawv. Yog li, yog tias koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb yuav sau dab tsi - hyphen lossis tus rho tawm (cov cim qhia no zoo sib xws), koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias hyphen me me. Lub minus yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov dav ntawm lub cim ntxiv. Lwm txoj cai tseem ceeb heev: kev khiav ceev ntawm lub computer raug ntaus tawm nrog qhov chaw ntawm ob sab, tsis yog hyphen. Qhov tseeb nthuav heev: khiav ceev ntawm lub computer ntaus tawm qhov dav ntawm tsab ntawv m,yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lus Askiv version, nws yog hu ua Em dash. Tib yam siv rau lwm cov cim: rho tawm - qhov dav ntawm n (En dash), hyphen - tsuas yog ib qho luv luv (dash).
Rules: thaum twg muab tus hyphen
Yog li, thaum twg koj yuav tsum siv tus hyphen, raws li kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus?
- Txhob muab cov khoom (ib zaug, los ntawm ib tug neeg).
- To xa cov lus ua ntej (hauv Lavxias, thawj zaug).
- Yog tsim nyog, cais cov lus nyuaj (chemical-biological).
- Yog xav tau daim ntawv sau luv (ntau, lub cev).
- Nyob hauv kab lus (Internet cafe, noj su ua lag luam).
- Raws li kos npe ntawm kev hloov pauv (uas, txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag tsis pom hauv Is Taws Nem niaj hnub no).
txoj cai yooj yim: thaum twg yuav tso tus dash
Thaum xav txog cov cim cim xws li hyphen thiab dash, qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv siv, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov cai. Yog li thaum twg koj yuav tsum siv lub dash?
- Qhia hais ncaj qha.
- Daim paib no muab tso rau ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm kab lus.
- Txuas hnub, nrug (11-12th caug xyoo, Kyiv-Moscow).
- Tau hloov lo lus rov qab uas mus ua kab hauv ib rubric.
- Lwm txoj cai ntawm Lavxias.
Russian lus cai
Nws tseem tsim nyog hais tias muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thaum sau cov cim cim cim raws li khiav ceev. Yog li, thaum twg nws yuav tsum tau thov kom raug?
- Nruab nrab ntawm qhov kwv yees thiab cov ntsiab lus, thaum lub phiaj xwm tseem tshuav xoom, thiab lub ntsiabCov tswv cuab raug qhia los ua tus lej lossis ua lej (Kev hlub yog qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm xwm).
- Ua ntej cov lus hauv qab no: qhov no, ntawm no, txhais tau hais tias nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab cov ntsiab lus (npau suav yog mob hlwb hnyav).
- Thaum muaj ib ntus hauv kab lus tsis tiav.
- Intonational dash ntawm ib tus tswv cuab ntawm kab lus.
- Nyob rau hauv sau, thaum lo lus yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm tus piav nws tus kheej.
- Yog cov kab lus piav qhia, yuav siv ib qho kev sib cais los cais nws.
- To logically highlight ib daim ntawv thov yog tias nws yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab lus.
- To highlight insert structures.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov khiav ceev tau muab tso rau hauv cov kab lus sib xyaw yog tias lawv muaj kev tawm tsam lossis hloov pauv sai ntawm cov xwm txheej.
- Hauv cov kab lus uas tsis yog koom ua ke (yog tias ntu thib ob tawm tsam thawj; yog tias muaj kev sib piv nrog thawj zaug hauv ntu thib ob; hauv ntu thib ob muaj qhov xaus rau thawj ntu; yog kab lus qhia txog kev hloov pauv sai ntawm cov xwm txheej; ntu thib ob ntawm kab lus yog qhov txuas ntawm thawj zaug).
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog hais tias qhov no tsis yog ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho ntawm lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau muab tso rau. Hauv tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem suav txog 50 txoj cai thiab nuances. Saum toj no yog cov kev siv feem ntau ntawm cov cim cim.
Thaum tsis tso tseg
Thaum koj kawm cov cim cim xws li hyphens thiab dashes, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov xwm txheej uas tsis siv cov kab lus.
- Yog ua ntejtus predicate yog introductory lo lus, negation, particle, union, adverb (Kuv thov txim heev uas kuv tus txiv tsis yog kws kho mob).
- Yog hais tias tus predicate yog ua ntej los ntawm ib tug me me ntawm kab lus hais txog nws (Tag nrho Russia yog peb lub vaj).
- Kev kawm yog ua ntej los ntawm lub npe predicate (Lub hav no yog qhov chaw muaj koob meej).
- Dash tsis yog muab yog hais tias qhov kev kawm ua ke nrog cov lus qhia ua ib kab lus (sab txawv teb chaws ntawm kev tsaus ntuj).
- Yog hais tias qhov kev kawm yog qhia los ntawm tus kheej pronoun, tus predicate yog qhia los ntawm lub npe nyob rau hauv nominative case.
- Nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev sib tham style kab lus.
Cov lus xaus yooj yim
Tau paub seb yuav siv li cas thiab thaum twg siv cov cim cim xws li hyphens thiab dashes, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntawv sau uas twb tau sau lawm. Tom qab nyeem tsab xov xwm no, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tag nrho cov nuances thiab tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sau ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov cim cim zoo sib xws.
