Papyrus yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, yog tsob ntoo reed ntawm tsev neeg sedge. Vim nws cov khoom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tshwj xeeb cov organic muaj pes tsawg leeg, papyrus tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab cov khoom siv uas tau siv ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm.
papyrus - nws yog dab tsi thiab nws tus nqi yog dab tsi?
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm papyrus yog:
- cellulose - 57%;
- lignin – 27%;
- minerals - 9%;
- dej - 7%.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cellulose hauv papyrus yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv feem pua ntau tshaj plaws, uas lees paub qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom - ntawv. Nws yog cov neeg Iyiv uas yuav tsum ua tsaug rau qhov nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sau ntawv thiab keeb kwm qhov tseeb uas tau paub rau peb dhau ntau pua xyoo. Txog rau thaum xyoo pua 10th, kev tsim cov papyrus tau vam meej, thiab kev siv tshuab tau zoo tuaj. Papyrus - yog dab tsi? Los ntawm cov nroj tsuag reed lawv ua: cov khoom siv hauv tsev, khaub ncaws, caij nkoj, nkoj thiab txawm tias cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, papyrus yog cov khoom siv dav siv nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Niaj hnub no, koj tuaj yeem saib thiab txawm sim koj txhais tes ntawmua ntawv papyrus nyob rau ntau qhov chaw hauv Egypt. Cov cheeb tsam hauv nroog Cairo tau sau cia nrog ntau qhov kev cob qhia thiab khw uas tso cai rau koj los ua daim ntawv los ntawm tus pas nrig nrog koj tus kheej tes.
Papyrus - nws yog dab tsi thiab nws ua li cas?
txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawv los ntawm cane yuav muab faib ua ob peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb:
- Cov reed yog cais tawm ntawm lub plhaub sab nraud, thiab cov tub ntxhais ntawm papyrus raug txiav ua nyias strips. Nws yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov qia uas dhau los ua ib feem ntawm daim ntawv papyrus.
- Tom qab ntawd nyias ib daim nyias nyias ntawm papyrus soaked thiab smoothed.
- Tom qab ntawd, cov hlua kho mob sib tshooj nrog cov hlua khi tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus.
- Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog ua cov pob qij txha nrog cov nplaum tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, ntau yam mollusks, av nkos los yog kua nplaum kua nplaum ntawm cov hmoov nplej tuaj yeem ua kua nplaum.
- Xovxwm yog theem kawg ntawm kev siv tshuab. Lawv tuaj yeem ua pob zeb ua kom sov los ntawm lub hnub.
- kauj ruam kawg ntawm kev ua ntawv yog ziab thiab polishing nplooj papyrus.
Ancient Egyptian papyri uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no feem ntau muaj cov ntawv yob, uas yog, cov duab ntawm ib daim ntawv. Cov ntawv uas tsim tau raug muab khi ua ke, uas tso cai rau cov kws sau ntawv thaum ub sau cia ua haujlwm zoo heev.
Papyrus - nws yog dab tsi: cov khoom siv nyob mus ib txhis lossis kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb?
Nws tsim nyog sau daim ntawv no,ua los ntawm papyrus, tuaj yeem khaws nws cov qauv rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov dej noo thiab kev tawm tsam lom yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm papyrus, uas yog vim li cas cov neeg Iyiv khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau, cov chaw zoo li no yog cov chav sab hauv ntawm lub pyramids. Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim cov pyramids yog tus lav ntawm kev ruaj ntseg cia ntawm papyrus scrolls.
Nws mus yam tsis tau hais tias papyri ntawm Egypt thaum ub tau raug ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, nrog rau khaws cia hauv cov jugs av nplaum thiab lwm yam khoom tsim los ntawm tib neeg. Ntau zaus tau siv, scrolls raug mob ntawm sticks, tsim suvois. Ib lub npe (kev xaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib daim ntawv teev lus) tau txuas rau suvois. Muaj tseeb tsim cov xwm txheej khaws cia thiab cov microclimate qhuav tau dhau los ua qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas tau pab cov ntawv teev keeb kwm yav dhau los kom kov yeej xyoo txhiab thiab tshwm sim ua ntej tib neeg txhua tus raws li keeb kwm tseeb ntawm lub hwj chim thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub.
