Yog tias koj sim txhais lub tswvyim ntawm daim ntawv sau cia, cov ntaub ntawv kev cai lij choj no txhais li cas, ces nws cov ntsiab lus yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb nws siv. Nws tseem yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo. Hauv kev nom kev tswv, daim ntawv sau cia txhais tau tias muaj ntau qhov kev pom zoo (nruab nrab ntawm xeev, tog, cov koom haum pej xeem), nws piav qhia txog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib koom tes.
Memorandum: txhais li cas
Ib daim ntawv diplomatic hauv kev lag luam lossis kev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb uas tau muab tshwj xeeb rau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm lub tebchaws.
Nyob hauv cov tuam txhab sib txawv, qhov no yuav yog daim ntawv pov thawj sab hauv lossis daim ntawv sau cia.
Nyob hauv thaj chaw ua lag luam, ib tsab ntawv nrog ceeb toom ntawm qee qhov kev lag luam.
Nyob rau hauv kev tuav pov hwm txoj cai - ib daim ntawv teev cov xwm txheej uas tsis muaj kev pov hwm.
Ua raws li qhov txwv tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub tuam txhab faib cov yeeb yaj kiab, kev tshaj tawm thiab luv nqi rau cov neeg xa xov xwm.
Ib daim ntawv rau txhua yam uas nco ntsoov.
Ib daim ntawv cog lus peev yog ib daim ntawv uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv npaj rau cov tub ua lag luam. Nws tuaj yeem txhais ua qhov sib txawv kiag lilub ntsiab lus, thiab daim ntawv sau cia (lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus los ntawm Latin memorandum) txhais tau tias ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov.
Memorandum structure
Nws yog tom ntej:
- ntu ntu ntu (nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov teeb meem, thiab feem ntau nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv).
- Qhov tseem ceeb (qhia tshwj xeeb yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog dab tsi, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev cai lij choj thiab kev ntsuas ntawm cov teeb meem thiab cov teeb meem).
- Kev xa mus rau cov cai thiab cov ntawv (nws yog qhov zoo dua kom nco ntsoov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xa mus rau cov qauv kev cai lij choj, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau lub npe ntawm cov cai). Ib qho kev xaiv zoo dua thiab siv tau ntau dua yuav yog los qhia lawv hauv cov lus hauv qab. Nws kuj yog qhov zoo dua kom txav deb ntawm koj qhov kev txhais cov lus ntawm txoj cai lij choj thiab tawm tsuas yog cov lus pom zoo.
- Sau ntawv ceeb toom txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim siab lossis tsis muaj nws, uas tau sau tseg rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem lossis txoj haujlwm. Ib feem ntawm daim ntawv no yuav tsum piav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem thiab txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los daws lawv. Tus kws lij choj ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim daim ntawv sau cia muaj cov kev daws teeb meem uas yuav zoo rau tus neeg siv khoom hauv qhov xwm txheej.
- theem kawg, thesis xaus.
Cia peb paub, daim ntawv nco - nws yog dab tsi, vim li cas nws thiaj li xav tau. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog siv rau hauv txoj cai sab hauv ntawm ib lub tuam txhab lossis pab pawg ua haujlwm. Nws txawv ntawm ib tsab ntawv ua lag luam nyob rau hauv tsawg formality thiab brevity ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Feem ntau tsis muaj kev txais tos lossis kaw kab lus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias daim ntawv sau ciacov ntaub ntawv muaj nws tus kheej tsim tshwj xeeb.
Subtleties of design
Daim ntawv no hais txog kev hloov pauv lossis muab kev koom tes hauv ib qho laj thawj.
Cov ntawv sau tau zoo tshaj plaws - lawv yog dab tsi? Nov yog qhov txuas ntawm tus sau thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm tus neeg nyob, lawv tsim los daws teeb meem.
Txhua tus muaj cai kos ib daim ntawv: los ntawm ib tug junior executor mus rau lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam txhab.
Thaum sau ib tsab ntawv, koj yuav tsum paub cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi uas cov neeg tau txais, lawv xav tau dab tsi.
Tsev ntawv
Muaj peb hom kev tsim lub cim nco txog (nws yog dab tsi, peb twb pom lawm):
- Direct - thaum pib peb piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd peb koom nrog kev nthuav dav. Feem ntau hauv cov style no lawv sau txog cov xwm txheej tam sim no lossis qee qhov xov xwm.
- Rov qab - ua ntej los ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tom qab ntawd cov lus xaus. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog li cas lawv sau txog ib yam dab tsi txawv txawv heev thaum koj xav txaus siab rau tus neeg nyob hauv ib yam dab tsi thiab coj nws mus rau qhov tseeb.
- Kev sib xyaw - qhov no yog xov xwm phem tshaj tawm.
Memorandum: yuav ua li cas sau nws zoo
Ua ntej sau daim ntawv, koj yuav tsum xav ua ntej ntawm koj cov neeg tuaj saib, nws yuav tsum nkag siab, nyeem tau rau txhua tus. Daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsum muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev ntsuas kev cai lij choj nrog cov lus xaus dav dav.
Zoo dua tsis txhob siv cov kev txiav txim nyuaj, sib tw thiab tsis meej pem uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog khaws ib qhokab lus hauv ib kab lus. Txij li cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem nyeem tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb nqaim xwb, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom qhov teeb meem tau zoo thiab ua ntu zus.
Tus qauv ntawm daim ntawv yuav tsum raug hwm. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv yuav tsum meej rau leej twg.
Yog tias muaj cov ntawv txuas rau koj daim ntawv, nco ntsoov qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm txog lawv.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv kev lag luam style: koj yuav tsum hais lus thawj tus neeg, siv cov lus yooj yim thiab nkag siab. Ua tsis raws cai raws li qhov ua tau thiab, tau kawg, tshwj xeeb thiab meej hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus sib cav.
Ua ntej koj txiav txim siab xa daim ntawv sau tseg, nws yog qhov zoo dua los nyeem nws ntau zaus.
Peb tau paub luv luv nrog lub tswv yim zoo li daim ntawv nco - nws yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li xav tau. Peb txheeb xyuas nws cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv, kev tsim kho, hom. Peb cia siab tias peb cov lus qhia yooj yim yuav pab koj tsim daim ntawv no.
