Lavxias teb sab chemists yeej ib txwm sawv tawm ntawm lwm tus, vim hais tias ntau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws discoveries yog lawv. Hauv cov chav kawm chemistry, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau qhia txog cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv daim teb no. Tab sis kev paub txog kev tshawb pom ntawm peb cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb. Nws yog Lavxias teb sab chemists uas tau sau cov lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tshawb fawb, tshuaj xyuas cov ntxhia obsidian, tau los ua tus tsim ntawm thermochemistry, thiab tau los ua cov kws sau ntawv ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb uas pab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb tau nce qib hauv kev kawm chemistry.
YViktor Ivanov
Ivanov Viktor Petrovich - tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias nto moo, yog ib tus kws tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm Russia, nrog rau tus neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Yug hauv 1943, kawm tiav los ntawm University of Tomsk, thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1988 los ua Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj ntawm Soviet Union.
Nyob rau xyoo 2009 nws tau los ua ib tug xib hwb. Ivanov Viktor Petrovich tau mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho rau chemistry, thiab tom qab ntawd nws pib koom nrog hauv petrochemistry. Viktor Petrovich yog tus sau ntau yam haujlwm, ua haujlwm, kawm thiab sau ntawv.
YDmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev yog tus nto moo tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plawsLavxias teb sab chemist. Txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv theem siab hauv ntiaj teb paub nws. Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias Dmitry Ivanovich ua ntau qhov kev tshawb pom hauv thaj chaw ntawm chemistry thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, nws kuj yog ib tug kws kho mob, kws kho tsiaj, kws kho tsiaj, thiab kws kho tsiaj..
Dmitry Ivanovich yug hauv Tobolsk hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Nws yog tus yau tshaj, kaum xya, tus menyuam hauv tsev neeg. Yim tus menyuam yaus tau tshaj tawm tias tau tuag thaum tseem hluas. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo yug ntawm Dmitri Mendeleev, nws txiv tau ua dig muag thiab nws yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov kev saib xyuas ntawm tsev neeg mus rau Dmitry niam. Raws li keeb kwm, Mendeleev niam yog ib tug poj niam nquag thiab txawj ntse. Nws tswj xyuas nws tsev neeg thiab tswj xyuas lub Hoobkas iav. Muaj tseeb, nws khwv tau nyiaj tsawg heev: NW nyuam qhuav txaus rau zaub mov. Niam mob siab rau ntau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tsev neeg rau Dmitry, vim hais tias nws suav hais tias nws yog ib tug zoo me nyuam. Tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tus tub hlob kawm ntawv tsis zoo, nws tsuas nyiam kawm lej thiab physics xwb.
Dmitry Mendeleev pib kawm zoo thiab txaus siab rau cov haujlwm tshawb fawb tsuas yog hauv St. Petersburg University. Tom qab kawm tiav, Dmitry ua hauj lwm ua ib tug xib fwb hauv Odessa, tab sis tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg thiab txuas ntxiv mus kawm chemistry lub cev.
Mendeleev ua nws thawj qhov kev tshawb pom hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes, hauv nroog Heidelberg. Nws tau sim tshawb pom qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb, uas tseem hu ua qhov boiling point. Ces Dmitry Ivanovich ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm physics thiab ua ntau yam kev sim thiab kev tshawb fawb.
Tsis xav txog Dmitryrov qab mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov chaw uas nws pib qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm chemistry thiab physics. Nws them tshwj xeeb rau cov organic chemistry. Ob peb xyoos tom qab, nws txawm luam tawm Russia thawj phau ntawv qhia txog organic chemistry. Dmitry tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshawb fawb rau phau ntawv no.
Nyob rau xyoo tom ntej, tus kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj xws li lithium, sodium thiab potassium, nrog rau ntawm cob alt, manganese thiab hlau. Tom qab ntawd tus kws tshawb fawb tau sim thawj zaug los tsim ib lub rooj uas yuav muab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd tsis muaj dab tsi los ntawm nws. Tus kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus kawm cov tshuaj, ua npau suav ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke rau hauv ib lub rooj.
Ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb pom zoo tshaj plaws, cov kws tshuaj Lavxias teb sab tau hais tawm txoj cai ntawm lub sijhawm. Hauv tebchaws Yelemes, nws tau ntseeg tias Meyer kuj yog tus kws sau ntawv ntawm tsab cai lij choj no, uas tom qab ntawd tau lees paub. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog Mendeleev uas muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv lub rooj tsis tsuas yog cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis kuj tsis paub txog cov kws tshawb fawb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, uas tau pab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm science. Dmitry Mendeleev muaj peev xwm kwv yees qhov muaj nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus, nrog rau faib lawv nyob rau hauv raws li txoj cai, uas mus ib txhis ua rau nws yog tus loj tshaj chemist.
German Ivanovich Hess
German Ivanovich Hess yog lwm tus kws tshuaj Lavxias nto moo. German yug hauv Geneva, tab sis tom qab kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv nws raug xa mus rau Irkutsk, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm ua kws kho mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau cov ntawv uas nws xa mus rau cov ntawv xov xwm tshwj xeeb hauv chemistry thiab physics. Qee lub sij hawm tom qab, Hermann Hess qhia chemistry rau cov neeg nto mooTus huab tais Alexander Nikolaevich.
German Ivanovich Hess thiab thermochemistry
Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm German Ivanovich yog tias nws tau ua ntau qhov kev tshawb pom hauv thaj chaw ntawm thermochemistry, uas ua rau nws yog ib tus tsim. Nws nrhiav tau ib txoj cai tseem ceeb hu ua Hess txoj cai. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, nws tau kawm txog plaub yam zaub mov. Ntxiv nrog rau cov kev tshawb pom no, nws tau tshawb nrhiav cov zaub mov (suav nrog geochemistry). Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb, lawv txawm hu ua cov ntxhia uas tau kawm thawj zaug los ntawm nws - hessite. Hermann Hess tseem suav hais tias yog tus kws tshuaj muaj npe nrov thiab muaj kev hwm txog niaj hnub no.
YEvgeny Timofeevich Denisov
Evgeny Timofeevich Denisov yog tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab physicist thiab chemist, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tshua paub txog nws. Eugene yug hauv lub nroog Kaluga, kawm nyob rau hauv Moscow State University ntawm kws qhia ntawv ntawm Chemistry, tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lub cev chemistry. Tom qab ntawd nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj hauv kev hauv kev tshawb fawb. Evgeny Denisov muaj ob peb phau ntawv luam tawm, uas tau dhau los ua kev tso cai heev. Nws kuj muaj ib tug series ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cyclic mechanisms thiab ob peb qauv tsim los ntawm nws. Tus kws tshawb fawb yog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Academy of Creativity, nrog rau ntawm International Academy of Sciences. Evgeny Denisov yog ib tug txiv neej uas tau mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho rau chemistry thiab physics, thiab tseem qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kev tshawb fawb no.
YMikhail Degtev
Mikhail Degtev kawm hauv Perm University ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Chemistry. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tiv thaiv nws qhov kev tshaj tawm thiab ua tiav nws cov kev kawm tiav qib siab. Nws txuas ntxiv nws cov dej num hauv Perm University, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua haujlwm rau kev tshawb fawb. Tau ntau xyoo, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb fawb ntau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb.
Mikhail Degtev hnub no
Degtev Mikhail Ivanovich luam tawm txog 500 cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb: cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb, monographs, phau ntawv kawm.
Txawm hais tias tus kws tshawb fawb twb muaj 69 xyoo lawm, nws tseem ua haujlwm ntawm Perm University, qhov chaw nws sau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, tshawb fawb thiab qhia chemistry rau cov tub ntxhais hluas. Niaj hnub no, tus kws tshawb fawb coj ob qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab thiab kws kho mob.
YVladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov
Nws nyuaj rau kev kwv yees qhov kev koom tes ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias nto moo rau kev tshawb fawb xws li chemistry. Vladimir Markovnikov yug nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau hauv ib tug noble tsev neeg. Twb yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum xyoo, Vladimir Vasilyevich pib kawm nyob rau hauv lub Nizhny Novgorod Noble lub koom haum, uas nws kawm tiav los ntawm gymnasium chav kawm. Tom qab ntawd, nws kawm hauv Kazan University, qhov chaw uas nws tus kws qhia ntawv yog xibfwb Butlerov, ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab chemist. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no uas Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov nrhiav pom nws nyiam nyob rau hauv chemistry. Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Kazan University, Vladimir tau los ua ib tug kws kuaj mob thiab ua hauj lwm nyuaj, npau suav los ua ib tug xib fwb.
Vladimir Markovnikov kawm isomerism thiab tom qab ob peb xyoos ua tiav kev tiv thaiv nws txoj kev tshawb fawbua haujlwm ntawm isomerism ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Nyob rau hauv no thesis, xibfwb Markovnikov twb ua pov thawj tias xws li ib tug isomerism muaj. Tom qab ntawd, nws raug xa mus ua haujlwm hauv Tebchaws Europe, qhov chaw nws tau ua haujlwm nrog cov kws tshawb fawb txawv tebchaws nto moo tshaj plaws.
Dhau li ntawm isomerism, Vladimir Vasilyevich kuj tau kawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov roj. Tau ntau xyoo nws tau ua haujlwm hauv Moscow University, qhov chaw uas nws qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm chemistry thiab qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Physics thiab lej Department mus txog hnub nyoog laus.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov kuj tau luam tawm ib phau ntawv, uas nws hu ua "Lomonosov's collection". Nws nthuav tawm yuav luag tag nrho cov npe nrov thiab zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab chemists, thiab tseem qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm chemistry hauv Russia.
