Interphase yog lub sijhawm ntawm lub cell lub neej voj voog ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev faib yav dhau los thiab qhov pib ntawm qhov txuas ntxiv. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev yug me nyuam, xws li lub sij hawm tuaj yeem hu ua theem npaj, thiab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm biofunctional - ib qho vegetative. Thaum lub sij hawm interphase, lub cell loj hlob, ua kom tiav cov qauv poob thaum lub sij hawm faib, thiab tom qab ntawd metabolically rearranges nws tus kheej kom txav mus rau mitosis los yog meiosis, yog tias muaj laj thawj (piv txwv li, kev sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg) tsis txhob coj nws tawm ntawm lub neej voj voog.
Txij li thaum interphase yog ib lub xeev nruab nrab ntawm ob lub meiotic lossis mitotic division, nws yog hu ua interkinesis. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov thib ob ntawm lo lus tsuas yog siv tau los ntawm cov hlwb uas tsis tau poob lub peev xwm los faib.
yam ntxwv dav dav
Interphase yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes. Qhov kev zam yog muaj zogshortened interkinesis ntawm thawj thiab thib ob faib ntawm meiosis. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm theem no kuj yog qhov tseeb tias chromosome duplication tsis tshwm sim ntawm no, xws li nyob rau hauv lub interphase ntawm mitosis. Qhov no feature yog txuam nrog kev xav tau los txo cov diploid txheej ntawm chromosomes rau haploid. Qee zaum, intermeiotic interkinesis tuaj yeem tsis tuaj.
Interphase yog lub npe dav dav rau peb lub sijhawm ua tiav:
- presynthetic (G1);
- synthetic (S);
- postsynthetic (G2).
Hauv cov hlwb uas tsis tso tawm ntawm lub voj voog, G2 theem ncaj qha mus rau hauv mitosis thiab yog li lwm yam hu ua premitotic.
G1 yog theem ntawm interphase, uas tshwm sim tam sim tom qab faib. Yog li, lub cell muaj ib nrab ntawm qhov loj me, nrog rau li 2 npaug ntawm cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm RNA thiab cov proteins. Thoob plaws lub sijhawm ua ntej hluavtaws, tag nrho cov khoom siv tau rov qab zoo li qub.
Vim qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov protein, cov cell maj mam loj hlob. Cov organelles tsim nyog tau ua tiav thiab qhov ntim ntawm cytoplasm nce. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, feem pua ntawm ntau yam RNAs nce thiab DNA precursors (nucleotide triphosphate kinases, thiab lwm yam) yog synthesized. Vim li no, thaiv kev tsim cov tub txib RNAs thiab cov proteins yam ntxwv ntawm G1 tsis suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm tes mus rau S-lub sijhawm.
Nyob rau theem G1 muaj qhov nce ntxiv hauv cov enzymes,koom nrog hauv lub zog metabolism. Lub sij hawm tseem yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm biochemical siab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm tau ntxiv los ntawm kev khaws cia ntawm ntau tus ATP molecules, uas yuav ua rau lub zog cia rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm chromosome apparatus.
Synthetic Stage
Lub sijhawm S-lub sijhawm ntawm interphase, lub sijhawm tseem ceeb uas tsim nyog rau kev faib tawm - DNA replication. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis tau tsuas yog genetic molecules yog doubled, tab sis kuj tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes. Nyob ntawm lub sijhawm kuaj ntawm lub xovtooj (thaum pib, nruab nrab lossis thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm hluavtaws), nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom tus nqi DNA ntawm 2 txog 4 s.
LubS-theem sawv cev rau lub sijhawm hloov pauv tseem ceeb uas "txiav txim siab" seb puas yuav muaj kev faib tawm. Tsuas yog kev zam rau txoj cai no yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm meiosis I thiab II.
Nyob rau hauv cov hlwb uas tas li nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm interphase, S-lub sij hawm tsis tshwm sim. Yog li, cov hlwb uas yuav tsis sib faib dua yuav tsum nres ntawm ib theem nrog lub npe tshwj xeeb - G0.
Postsynthetic theem
Lub Sijhawm G2 - theem kawg ntawm kev npaj rau kev faib. Nyob rau theem no, kev sib txuas ntawm tus xa xov RNA molecules tsim nyog rau kev hla ntawm mitosis yog ua tiav. Ib qho ntawm cov proteins tseem ceeb uas tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm no yog tubulins, uas yog lub tsev thaiv rau kev tsim cov fission spindle.
Ntawm ciam teb ntawm theem postsynthetic thiab mitosis (los yog meiosis), RNA synthesis txo qis.
G0 hlwb yog dab tsi
rauHauv qee lub cell, interphase yog lub xeev ruaj khov. Nws yog yam ntxwv ntawm qee cov khoom siv ntawm cov ntaub tshwj xeeb.
Lub xeev tsis muaj peev xwm faib tau yog qhov raug xaiv raws li theem G0, txij li G1-lub sijhawm tseem suav tias yog theem ntawm kev npaj rau mitosis, txawm hais tias nws tsis suav nrog cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. Yog li, G0 hlwb raug suav tias tau poob ntawm lub voj voog cytological. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub xeev ntawm so tuaj yeem nyob ruaj khov thiab ib ntus.
Cells uas tau ua tiav lawv qhov sib txawv thiab tshwj xeeb hauv cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb feem ntau nkag mus rau theem G0. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee qhov xwm txheej no yog thim rov qab. Yog li, piv txwv li, lub siab hlwb hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev tuaj yeem rov qab muaj peev xwm faib thiab txav mus los ntawm G0 xeev mus rau lub sijhawm G1. Qhov no mechanism underlies lub regeneration ntawm cov kab mob. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, feem ntau ntawm daim siab hlwb nyob rau theem G0.
Qee zaum, G0 lub xeev tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog rau qhov tuag cytological. Qhov no yog ib txwm, piv txwv li, rau keratinizing hlwb ntawm cov epidermis los yog cardiomyocytes.
Qee zaum, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev hloov mus rau G0-lub sijhawm tsis txhais tau tias tsis muaj peev xwm sib faib, tab sis tsuas yog muab rau kev ncua sij hawm. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov hlwb cambial (piv txwv li, qia hlwb).
