Peb txhua tus hais lus thiab tso kev xav rau hauv cov lus. Tab sis rau qee qhov laj thawj, tsis yog txhua yam peb hais tau raug hais. Feem ntau, cov nqe lus ntawm cov neeg nto moo tau rov ua dua, uas yog vim li cas poob rau hauv tib neeg lub cim xeeb. Dab tsi yog cov nqe lus thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua rau koj qhov kev xav zoo tib yam dhau los ua ib kab lus uas tau dhau los ntawm qhov ncauj mus rau qhov ncauj? Wb sim nrhiav seb.
Theory of Times
Raws li lub ntsiab txhais, ib nqe lus yog ib kab lus, grammatically raug, uas yog perceived nyob rau hauv nrog nws cov ntsiab lus thiab yog tseeb los yog cuav. Qhov kawg ntawm nqe lus yog txiav txim siab raws li nws cov lus teb rau qhov tseeb. Yog tias koj delve rau hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab txheeb xyuas ntau hom nqe lus, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv cov hom sib txawv raws li cov qauv. Piv txwv li, cov lus tsis zoo uas sib cav sib ceg; nqe lus-cov xwm txheej txuas nrog cov lus "yog - ces" thiab lwm yam; Kuv- nqe lus (Kuv xav), koj- nqe lus (koj tsis yog) thiab cov zoo li; qee lwm pawg.
Theory two
Tab sis, tej zaum, tag nrho cov lus nug ntawm kev xav qhuav tsis yogtseem ceeb heev rau lub ncauj lus, dab tsi yog cov lus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab, yog hais tias kuv yuav hais li ntawd, universal human sense. Ntau zaus peb nkag siab los ntawm lo lus no ib qho kev xav, ib nqe lus hais los ntawm tus neeg muaj cai, pom tau tias muaj tseeb. Yog, tsis yog txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg paub zoo thiab tsis yog cov neeg nto moo tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov ntawv sau cia. Yog li txoj kab ntawm kab lus tsis muaj qab hau thiab nqe lus zoo nyob qhov twg?
Los ntawm qhov twg?
Nws tsis yooj yim los soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov lus hais, nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias cov lus no yog Lavxias lossis tsis yog. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, txhua yam yog qhov tseeb: ib kab lus cais tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus, txawm tias tam sim no ntawm nws tus kheej lossis hloov nws lub ntsiab lus tsis muaj ib puag ncig, nws tau rov qab ntau zaus thiab, twb tau kho nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cim xeeb, nws dhau los ua cov lus hais. Thiab qee zaum qhov kev sib sau ua ke no tsis tas yuav tsum tau - nws tsuas yog txaus los qhia qhov kev xav los ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Yog li, piv txwv li, cov lus Lavxias uas paub zoo yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias ib txwm paub tseeb rau txhua tus: muaj cov qauv uas ua rau tsis siv neeg tawm tswv yim vim lawv lub koob meej ("Xav tsis nyob hauv koj tus kheej … " yuav yooj yim ntxiv los ntawm lo lus " phaj”), thaum lwm tus yuav ua rau nyuaj thiab erudite tshaj plaws ("Leej twg hlub los nag …" qhov kawg kawg yog "los nag thiab hluav taws"). Ntawd yog, muaj ib hom gradation ntawm no. Tab sis txawm hais tias cov quotes yog nto moo los tsis, yeej ib txwm muaj ib yam dab tsi catchy txog lawv.
Cov lus hais txog cov lus Lavxias yog tag nrho cov kab lus Lavxias. Nws yooj yim dua rau npe rau ib tus neeg uas tsis tau hais dab tsi txog tus loj thiab muaj zog(Qhov no, los ntawm txoj kev, kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov nqe lus). Cia peb pib sau cov nqe lus, tej zaum, los ntawm cov classics.
Piv txwv li,Kuprin, piv txwv li, hais tias cov lus Lavxias hauv kev txawj txhais tes thiab daim di ncauj yog qhov zoo nkauj, suab paj nruag, nthuav qhia, yoog raws, mloog lus, dexterous thiab roomy. Thiab koj tuaj yeem tsis pom zoo rau nws li cas? Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws lub suab, peb haiv neeg hais lus yeej sawv tawm ntawm European lus, txawv txawm los ntawm cov Slavic uas muaj feem xyuam. Lub system ntawm synonyms thiab antonyms nyob rau hauv nws yog colossal - ib lo lus yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm yuav luag ib tug kaum os lwm tus, yog hais tias nws yog haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab, tau kawg, thiab lawv lawv tus kheej yog li multifunctional uas koj xav tsis thoob: tib lo lus, nyob ntawm seb lub ntsiab lus teb., tuaj yeem muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv kiag li. Zoo, yuav ua li cas ib tug tsis pom zoo nrog xws li kev ntsuam xyuas?
Zoo thiab muaj zog los ntawm sab nraud
Kuv xav muab nqe lus ntau ntxiv hais txog cov lus Lavxias ntawm cov neeg uas paub txog peb cov kab lis kev cai nkaus xwb los ntawm cov lus hais, uas yog, lawv tsis yog nws tus tuav. Friedrich Engels, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Marxism uas swept tshaj Russia, piv nws haiv neeg German thiab Lavxias teb sab, thiab nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub tom kawg, ntseeg hais tias nws muaj tag nrho cov khoom ntawm German, tab sis tsis muaj nws rudeness. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv lawv grammatical system, Lavxias teb sab thiab German yog heev zoo sib xws - tib yam kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub xaus ntawm nouns nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, lub variability ntawm verb forms thiab ntau yam zoo uas yog txawv txawv rau lwm cov European sawv daws yuav. Kuv xav xaus nqe lus no nrog rau cov lus ntawm Jared Leto, tib lub mlom ntawm cov hluas li Engels ib zaug: "Cov lus Lavxias yuav tsum hwm, tsis txhob ua si nrog."Ib zaug ntxiv, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo: nws yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sau, hwm thiab saib xyuas, uas peb cov lus tau nthuav tawm tag nrho nws txoj kev zoo nkauj.
txhua yam lus
Thiab lawv hais li cas txog lwm yam lus? Puas muaj lwm lo lus uas nto moo hais txog lus muaj?
Homer ib zaug hauv nws cov lus embodied lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej ntawm noob neej: "Txhua lo lus koj hais, koj yuav hnov nws", uas yog, nws perceives lus raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev sib txuas lus, thiab tsis yog ib hom lus tshwj xeeb los yog adverb. S. Cia li ceeb toom: "hais lus ntse: tus yeeb ncuab yog eavesdropping", uas yog, ntawm no peb tham txog lus raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev txawj ntse, muaj koob meej, yog li hais lus, paub txog tej yam teeb meem. D. Dryden ntseeg hais tias, "Ib qho kev xav uas hais tau zoo zoo mloog hauv txhua yam lus," D. Dryden ntseeg, pom cov lus twb yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg, hais txog nws qhov originality. Qhov ntawd yog, peb tuaj yeem hais tau yam xyuam xim hais tias cov nqe lus zoo tshaj plaws rau cov lus tsis yog kho ntawm ib qho ntawm nws nkaus xwb, lawv sim npog ntau lub ntsiab lus ntau li ntau tau. Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ntau hom lus nws tus kheej yog, ntau-sib yog kev xav txog nws.
hais lus los ntawm tib neeg
Yuav ua li cas to taub cov nqe lus yog dab tsi, yog yuav luag txhua kab lus uas muaj tsawg kawg yog qee lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau lawv? Thiab yog vim li cas cov nqe lus ntawm cov neeg paub zoo tau dhau los ua "cov lus", txawm hais tias tsis yog, "Cov Lus Qhia", nrog rau tsab ntawv loj, hais txog qhov tseem ceeb, cov neeg zoo tib yam tsis tuaj yeem hais qee yam uas tuaj yeem nyob hauv tib neeg lub cim xeeb? kuv xav nqaraws li cov piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais txog ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab thiab nws txoj kev ntawm lub neej los ntawm Lavxias teb sab xov tooj cua - cov neeg uas to taub cov yooj yim inhabitants zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov. Dab tsi tsim nyog tsuas yog ib qho "Slower caij - tsawg Lavxias", tib lub sijhawm hais txog cov lus hais, thiab Gogol's "Yuav ua li cas Lavxias tsis nyiam tsav ceev." Txuas ntxiv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua si ntawm cov lus, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis nco qab "Tus neeg nuv ntses ntxub tus neeg nuv ntses kom paub meej" - tseem muaj nyob hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, txawm tias muaj siab dav thiab tus phooj ywg, qhov kev sib tw no. Zoo, cov canonical twb tau "Nres lub ntiaj teb, Kuv yuav tawm" - ntau npaum li cas koj xav qw cov lus yooj yim no, tab sis tseem peb txhua tus grit peb cov hniav thiab txuas ntxiv ua peb txoj kev "los ntawm pos mus rau lub hnub qub", raws li Seneca hais.
True or False
Raws li kev txhais cov nqe lus twg yog, peb nkag siab tias ib kab lus twg nrog nws lub ntsiab lus, qhov twg yog qhov tseeb lossis tsis tseeb, tuaj yeem suav tias yog nqe lus. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, rau qee qhov laj thawj, peb subconsciously perceive yuav luag tag nrho cov quotes raws li ib tug exceptional qhov tseeb, tsis txawm yuav tsis ntseeg. Piv txwv li, tus hero ntawm ib tug ntawm cov cult Soviet films ntseeg hais tias peb twb tsis nco qab yuav ua li cas ruam tej yam, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm peb nres nce los ntawm lub qhov rais rau peb cov poj niam hlub. Tab sis cov lus no puas muaj tseeb? Yog, tej zaum ib feem ntawm kev ruam yog qhov tseeb, tab sis yuav ua li cas koj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev xav nce ntawm qhov rais nrog kev ruam? Nws hloov tawm hais tias ib feem ntawm cov kab lus yuav tsum tau coj raws li ib tug dag, thaum lwm yam tseem muaj tseeb? Hegel ntseeg tias tsuas yog kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas coj mus rau qhov kawg, dhau los ua lub xov tooj ntawm tes, yog li kev xaiv ntawm qhov tseeb thiab qhov tsis tseeb ntawm nqe lus yog lwm txoj kev xaiv.rau txhua tus, uas yuav tsum tau ua ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab tsis yog raws li kev xav ntawm feem coob.
Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias cov lus hais yog Lavxias lossis tsis yog, txawm hais tias lawv hais txog lus, kev tshawb fawb tseeb, lossis qee cov ntsiab lus tsis meej. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom nkag siab: peb txhua tus muaj kev ywj pheej xaiv qhov nws suav tias yog ib nqe lus tsim nyog thiab nthuav, thiab qhov tsis muaj nqi rau nws.
