Nrog rau qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev sau ntawv nyob rau hauv Middle Kingdom, lub hieroglyphic system ntawm kev sau ntawv tau ruaj khov, vim hais tias cov tsiaj ntawv Suav xws li tsis muaj nyob. Feem ntau, txoj kev pinyin, tsim nyob rau hauv ib puas xyoo dhau los rau kev sau cov cim rau hauv Latin, poob rau hauv lub tswvyim no.
Vim li cas tsis muaj tsiaj ntawv Suav
Yuav teb lo lus nug no, peb yuav tsum xa mus rau qhov txhais. Nws hais tias cov tsiaj ntawv yog ib phau ntawm cov cim ntawm kev sau ntawv. Nws zoo li, dab tsi yog qhov ntes?
Suav sau yog ua raws li hieroglyphs uas muaj lub ntsiab lus sib cais los ntawm lwm cov cim hauv cov ntawv nyeem thiab, dhau los, muaj cov yuam sij. Nrog rau qhov kawg, qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam. Ntxiv mus, tus yuam sij yuav siv tau raws li ib tug ywj siab hieroglyph, i.e. ib lo lus.
Tus tsiaj ntawv txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib tus cim ntawm ib tsab ntawv thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov ntawv tsim, tsis hloov pauv. Cov lus Suav, lossis Putonghua, muaj ntau dua 50 txhiab tus cim, suav nrog ntau yam kev hloov kho, thaum lawv tus lejtsis paub meej thiab nyhav zuj zus.
Pinyin yog dab tsi
Hauv lwm lo lus, "pinyin" yog ib qho kev sib txuas lus rau cov lus ntawm Middle Kingdom lossis ib txoj hauv kev sau ntawv hieroglyphs los ntawm cov lus. Nrog nws cov kev pab, txhua lo lus tuaj yeem sawv cev hauv Latin, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev nkag siab lub suab lus.
Yog li, nws hloov tawm tias cov tsiaj ntawv Suav tsis muaj nyob, thiab siv lo lus no rau cov cim no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau dua li qhov yuam kev. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws siv ntau zaus, qee zaum nws yuav tsum tau suav nrog.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus nug ntawm pes tsawg tus tsiaj ntawv hauv Suav tsis muaj lus teb rau tag nrho cov laj thawj saum toj no.
Pinyin npe
Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, qhov system no (tom qab no "Suav cov tsiaj ntawv") muaj cov cim Latin. Syllables mas tsim consonants, vowels thiab lawv ob peb ua ke. Kev hais lus ntawm lub npe, nrog rau qhov kawg, muaj ntau yam nuances:
- Piv txwv li, "m", "f", "s", "h" zoo ib yam li Lavxias "m", "f", "s" thiab "x"
- Muaj cov lus aspirated ("p", "t", "k", "c", "sh", "ch"), uas yuav tsum tau muaj zog exhalation thaum hais.
- Tus "n" hauv pinyin yog ntau dua alveolar, thaum "l" thiab "j" zoo ib yam li lus Askiv.
- "q" yog nyeem li "tsk", "x" zoo li"s", "z" and "zh" - on "tsz" and "zh".
- Tus consonants "b", "d", "g" yog qhov nyuaj heev rau kev hais kom raug, vim lawv yog tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm Lavxias teb sab counterparts ntawm cov suab thiab unvoiced.
- "r" thaum pib ntawm ib lo lus hloov "g".
Finals
Cov tsiaj ntawv Suav (tsis suav nrog hieroglyphs) kuj muaj cov suab npe hu ua "finals". Lawv feem ntau muaj diphthongs thiab ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- "an", "en", "ao", "uo", "ou", "ei", "ai", "a" are transcribed as "an", "en", "ao", "woo", "oh", "hey", "ay" thiab "a" feem.
- Complex endings "ia", "ian", "iao", "iang", "ie", "iu", "in" are read as "i", "yang", "yao", " yang", "e", "yu", "yin"
- "i" zoo ib yam li Lavxias "thiab", tab sis tsis soften consonants. Yog hais tias nws tsuas yog tus vowel nyob rau hauv ib lub suab, ces nws yog sau li "yi".
- "y" yog hais zoo li "y" lossis "wu" (zoo tib yam rau rooj plaub dhau los).
- "er" hloov "er".
Thaum siv lub kaw lus romanization
Usually"pinyin", tseem hu ua cov tsiaj ntawv Suav (hieroglyphs nyob rau hauv nws hloov los ntawm cov suab lus hauv Latin), yog siv los ua ib qho kev pabcuam rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hauv daim ntawv kos npe ntawm ntau cov paib lossis yog tias muaj cov cim tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
Romanization kuj tseem siv los sau cov lus ntawm cov keyboard lus Askiv. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog cov txheej txheem automated, thiab cov ntawv sau ntawm "pinyin" tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv hieroglyph.
Qhov kawg, qhov kev xaiv nrov tshaj plaws yog npaj rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov npe thiab cov ntaub ntawv: nws yog qhov tsim nyog ntau dua los rhuav cov lus ua thawj lub suab uas siv cov lus Latin. Qhov no yuav pab txhawb kev tshawb fawb tsis yog rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws xwb, tab sis kuj rau Suav.
"Pinyin" as a language learning tool
Lub Latin romanization system muaj 29 lub suab thiab yog siv los ua cov kauj ruam hauv kev kawm Suav. Nws tso cai rau koj kom paub txog qhov raug kev nyeem ntawv thiab hais lus ntawm cov suab suab, ua tsaug rau qhov muaj cov cim ntsuas. Hauv Suav teb, txoj kev kawm "pinyin" yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm txawv teb chaws thiab suav nrog hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawm txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no.
Ntau zaus, kab lus "Suav cov tsiaj ntawv nrog kev txhais lus" yog hais txog kev sau cov suab lus kom yooj yim ntawm kev hais. Cov ntsiab lus muaj nyob rau tib lub hom phiaj.
Tone
In Mandarin, txhua lub suab muaj nws tus kheej intonation.
Same syllables with txawvkev hais lus tuaj yeem tsim cov lus uas sib txawv hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib leeg. Ua li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub lub suab - tsis muaj lawv, kev txawj lus tsis yooj yim sua. Feem ntau, tsis muaj leej twg to taub tus neeg txawv teb chaws nrog lub suab tsis raug, thiab nws cov lus tau yuam kev rau qee yam lus tsis paub.
Kom zam qhov teeb meem no, kawm hais lus ncaj qha nrog tus kws qhia ntawv. Lawm, cov tsiaj ntawv suav nrog Lavxias teb sab txhais lus yuav tsis pab ntawm no (cov ntawv sau tsis qhia cov cim npe) thiab koj yuav tsum xa ncaj qha mus rau "pinyin" system.
Muaj plaub lub suab hauv tag nrho:
- siab du.
- Rising nruab nrab mus rau siab.
- qis nrog txo qis ntxiv thiab tom qab ntawd nce mus rau lub suab nruab nrab.
- siab down.
Video qhia lossis tus kws qhia ntawv yuav pab koj nkag siab lawv, tab sis tom kawg, raws li tau hais dhau los, yog qhov zoo dua.
Nyob rau hauv xaus txog cov tsiaj ntawv Suav
Rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub Nceeg Vaj Celestial, nws tsim nyog hais tias Suav, zoo li lwm yam lus nrog kev sau ntawv hieroglyphic, tsis zoo li European.
Nws cov yam ntxwv txwv tsis pub muaj cov tsiaj ntawv tus qauv. Ntxiv mus, thaum ntxov sim los hloov txoj kev paub ntawm kev sau ntawv nrog cov ntawv sib txuas sai sai ua tsis tau. Yooj yim muab, cov txheej txheem no poob tawm ntawm kev siv hauv lub sijhawm luv luv thiab tsis zoo li yuav rov muaj dua.
