Russian yog ib hom lus uas muaj rooj plaub. Muaj tseeb tiag, yog tias lawv tsis nyob ntawd, ces lwm qhov ntsuas ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lus hauv kab lus yuav raug siv, xws li prepositions, postpositions, thiab lo lus txiav txim.
Kev lig kev cai, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, rau cov neeg raug kawm, txuas lus nyob rau hauv ib kab lus thiab qhia lawv syntactic luag hauj lwm. Declension tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov qhov xaus ntawm nominal seem ntawm kev hais lus: nouns, pronouns, numerals thiab adjectives.
Rau lawv txhua tus, koj tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug uas txawv ib kis ntawm lwm qhov. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov lus ntxiv uas pab nrog declension. Piv txwv li, rooj plaub prepositional muaj cov lus pab "xav", "npau suav", "tu siab", nrog rau cov lus nug: "txog leej twg?", "Nyob rau hauv leej twg?", "Hais txog dab tsi?", "Yuav ua li cas?" nrog prepositions tsim nyog.
Nws muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv prepositional cuam tshuam nrog cov lus nug "txog leej twg?", "Hais txog dab tsi?", ces nws tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov lus qhia thiab cov npe. Ntawd yog, nws tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho lus thiabnpe.
Cov lus yog siv nrog ntau yam prepositions. Piv txwv li:
a) "txog", "txog" - npau suav txog so, xav txog nyiaj hli;
b) "tom qab" (lub ntsiab lus "tom qab") - thaum kawm tiav, thaum tau txais cov pob khoom;
c) "nrog" (los qhia txog thaj chaw lossis qhov xwm txheej) - nyob ntawm thaj av, sau npe ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, tsim ntawm chav haujlwm, tuaj xyuas;
d) "hauv", "hauv" raws li qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw lossis khoom, yog tias muaj qee yam lossis ib tus neeg nyob hauv - nyob hauv nroog, pom hauv hav zoov, zaum hauv chav, nyob hauv vaj, ceeb toom hauv qhov muag;
e) "ntawm" raws li qhov taw qhia ntawm qhov chaw - nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, hauv lub hnub, sawv ntawm ntug dej, pw ntawm lub rooj zaum; qhov taw qhia qhov chaw - yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm, ua haujlwm hauv lub luag haujlwm, mus kawm ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philology; pointer ntawm cov khoom uas qhov kev txiav txim yog ua - tsom rau kev daws qhov teeb meem, nres ntawm qhov chaw txaus nyiam tshaj plaws; ib qho kev qhia ntawm lub xeev, xwm txheej lossis cov xwm txheej nrog rau qhov kev txiav txim - kom so haujlwm, mus so so; qhov taw qhia ntawm cov khoom uas yog cov cuab yeej lossis cov khoom siv, nrog rau qhov ntsuas lub sijhawm ua haujlwm - caij tsheb kauj vab, noj roj, ua si nkauj laus ncas.
Nws kuj pom zoo nrog ntau lub npe. Piv txwv li: nyob hauv nroog.
Cov ntaub ntawv nominative prepositional yog siv nrog cov npe thiab cov lus hais uas tswj rooj plaub - tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Lavxias kos duab, ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tsam kev haus luam yeeb.
Feem ntau cov lus siv nrog xws liprepositions xws li "hauv" thiab "on", nrog rau cov preposition "txog", yog tias koj xav tau kos npe rau, khoom lossis qhov zoo ntawm ib qho khoom. Piv txwv li: sheepskin tsho, tawv-txheej chronicle, plaub-legged nees.
Nws tshwm sim tias cov menyuam kawm ntawv siv cov ntaub ntawv prepositional tsis raug, qhov xaus tsis meej pem. Piv txwv li: "Kuv nco nws", es tsis txhob ntawm qhov kev xaiv yog "Kuv nco nws." "Kuv ntaus nws", tsis yog "Kuv ntaus nws."
Yog tias tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsis meej pem cov ntaub ntawv prepositional nrog rau lwm tus, ces nws xav tau kev xyaum hauv kev hais lus ntawm cov npe thiab lwm qhov ntawm kev hais lus. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txhawm rau sau thiab cim qhov xaus thaum ua qhov kev tawm dag zog, uas feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov preposition uas lo lus siv.
