Amharic, tseem hu ua Amarinya lossis Kuchumba, yog ib qho ntawm ob hom lus tseem ceeb ntawm Ethiopia (nrog rau Oromo). Nws yog feem ntau hais nyob rau hauv central highlands ntawm lub teb chaws. Amharic yog lus Afro-Asiatic ntawm Southwest Semitic pawg thiab muaj feem xyuam nrog Geʿez (cov lus liturgical ntawm Ethiopian Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj). Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv qub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Amharic yog cov nkauj thiab paj huam uas rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 14th AD, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog rau xyoo pua 19th.
Ethiopian lus
Muaj cuaj caum hom lus hauv Ethiopia (raws li kev suav pej xeem xyoo 1994 los ntawm ib tus kws tshawb fawb ethnologist). Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, kwv yees li 25 lab tus tib neeg hais lus Amharic, uas yog kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg Ethiopian (thiab lwm tus neeg hais lus Oromo). Txij li thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, nws yog cov lus ntawm lub tsev hais plaub thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv highlands ntawm Ethiopia.
Amharic tau hais rau qee qhov hauv txhua lub xeev, suav nrog thaj av Amhara. Nws kuj dais zoo ib yam li Tigre, Tigrinya thiab South Arabichom lus. Muaj peb hom lus tseem ceeb: Gondar, Gojjam thiab Shoa. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus, cov lus thiab cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm cov lus sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom. Txij li thaum Amarinya yog hom lus ua haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv Ethiopian, nws tau txais kev cai lij choj thiab siv thoob plaws tebchaws.
Amarinya kaw kaw lus
Cov tsiaj ntawv Amharic yog sau rau hauv daim ntawv hloov kho me ntsis siv los sau cov lus Geez. Tag nrho hauv ib lub suab lus hu ua Feedel (ፊደል). Tsis zoo li Arabic, Hebrew, lossis Syriac, Amharic sau los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis. Muaj 33 lub cim tseem ceeb, txhua tus muaj xya daim ntawv, nyob ntawm seb lub suab lus twg yuav tsum tau hais hauv lub suab. Amharic tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov lus Cushitic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov lus Oromo thiab Agave. Kev ntxhov siab tsis cuam tshuam rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus. Hauv cov lus qhia, kev ntxhov siab poob rau ntawm lub suab lus kawg, hauv lwm lo lus - ntawm sab laug kawg.
Kev kis ntawm Amharic
Keeb kwm ntawm Amarinha hnub rov qab mus rau 1 txhiab xyoo BC. e. mus txog lub sijhawm Vajntxwv Xalaumoo thiab tus poj huab tais ntawm Sheba. Cov keeb kwm ntseeg hais tias cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm sab hnub poob Arabia hla Hiav Txwv Liab mus rau tam sim no Eritrea thiab sib xyaw nrog cov neeg Kushite. Lub koom haum no tau coj mus rau qhov yug ntawm Gezeza (ግዕዝ), uas yog cov lus ntawm Aksumite Empire nyob rau sab qaum teb Ethiopia. Nws muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1st thiab 6th centuries. n. e. Thaum lub hauv paus ntawm Ethiopia tsiv ntawm Aksum mus rau Amhara, nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub 10th thiab 12th centuries. n. BC, kev siv amarinha ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov lus, ua rau nws lub teb chaws.
Amharic thiabyog ib qho ntawm feem ntau kawm hauv Ethiopia. Nws yog siv rau kev kawm thawj zaug hauv Addis Ababa, lub peev ntawm Ethiopia. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm nyob rau feem ntau theem pib thiab theem nrab ntawm kev kawm. Amharic tau kawm ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm qib siab hauv Asmeskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws tsim kho raws li kev xaiv kawm. Muaj ntau qhov chaw tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev kawm amarine los ntawm cov hauv paus.
Kev paub lus Amharic yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog kab lis kev cai Ethiopian. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kws tshawb fawb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm, keeb kwm thiab archaeology, nrog rau kev hais lus, vim Ethiopia yog lub teb chaws muaj keeb kwm zoo thiab cov khoom muaj nqis.
