Hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev soj ntsuam geodetic ntawm thaj chaw tau siv dav. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no tso cai kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom ntawm cov av, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyem, hydrological tej yam kev mob thiab lwm yam tsis. Kev sau cov ntaub ntawv no yog xav tau los npaj ib qhov project rau kev tsim kho lub tsev lossis kev sib txuas lus engineering hauv cheeb tsam kawm.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm cov struts ntawm lub ntsiab theem yog ua nyob rau hauv lub teb. Hauv lwm lo lus, ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv lem, chaw ua hauj lwm ua hauj lwm ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv tau txais yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam los ntawm kev sim tshuaj ntsuam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kws tshaj lij nthuav tawm cov ntawv qhia tag nrho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab cov duab nraaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm
Tom qab ua geodetic, engineering lossis cartographic kev tshawb fawb ntawm thaj chaw, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais raug xa mus rau lub tuam tsev tshwj xeeb rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, kev ua haujlwm ntxiv tuaj yeem ua tiav txhawm rau txhawm rau kawm cov qauv pob zeb ntawm cov pob zeb loj, theem ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv av, lossis tsim cov duab pom ntawm cov khoom siv.nyem.
Hauv lwm lo lus, kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab chaw ua haujlwm tuaj yeem sawv cev ua ntu ntu hauv kev kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw uas tau npaj ua haujlwm. Yog tias, thaum lub sijhawm kev tshawb fawb, cov kws tshaj lij sau cov khoom siv ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ua raws li txheej txheem rau lawv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm cameral tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb geological, mineralogical thiab geochemical sau thiab geochronological thawj daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas feem ntau siv.
Cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua haujlwm
Tom qab ua haujlwm, ib pob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug tsim nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau qhov project. Cov ntaub ntawv tej zaum yuav muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm pob zeb, av npog, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov dej hauv av, tsis muaj ib tug tib neeg cov khoom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov ntaub ntawv yees duab, nyem profiles, thiab lwm yam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm muab sijhawm los kawm txog cov zaub mov. Qhov no yog ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nyob rau hauv uas lub luag hauj lwm yog tsis mus sau cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim kho xav tau kev pab, tab sis mus saib xyuas lub cheeb tsam rau lub xub ntiag ntawm tej pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tsis yog lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm minerals ntawm ib pab pawg neeg. Cov khoom npaj rau kev ua tiav tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv daim duab duab nrog cov seem av, daim duab qhia chaw, cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam, cov lus piav qhia, thiab lwm yam.
Toolkit ntawm lub rooj tshwj xeebprocessing
Niaj hnub nimno txoj hauv kev rau kev kawm geodetic tsis tshua ua yam tsis muaj computer simulation. Kev siv tshuab computer, tshwj xeeb, ua rau nws ua tau zoo ua lej suav nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm tib lub pob zeb.
Kuj tseem muaj teeb meem ntawm kev kuaj pom qhov tsis sib xws hauv qib thiab cov yam ntxwv theodolite. Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, ib tug qauv duab ntawm cov av yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb cheeb tsam ntawm lub struts. Nws tuaj yeem siv los sau cov qauv dav dav ntawm cov av npog nrog nws cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab tuaj yeem suav nrog txawv teb chaws.
Cov chaw ua haujlwm tshaj lij hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab tsis muaj cov tshuab uas tso cai rau kev sau cov qauv ntaub ntawv ntawm thaj chaw, ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho tshuab computer uas tau ua rau yav tom ntej, tsis tiav. Cov haujlwm zoo li no tau ua rau ntawm software tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem hais txog MapInfo Professional, Topocad thiab GeoniCS platforms.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau tsim hauv daim ntawv yooj yim rau kev nthuav qhia. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau npaj los siv hauv software. Cov cuab yeej siv rau kev sim thiab kev sim tshuaj ntsuam tseem tab tom npaj.
Lub ntsiab lus yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv qee thaj chaw cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov xwm txheej ze rau cov haujlwm ua haujlwm hais txog qhov project yav tom ntej. Yog li, kev sib piv ua ntej ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov av yog tsim los ntawm qhov taw tesnyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho vaj tse lossis kev tso kev sib txuas lus. Npaj thiab tshwj xeeb ntsuas ntsuas. Lawv raug ntsuas thiab hloov kho rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg hauv cov ntawv tshawb fawb tachometer yog ua. Nyob rau theem no, ib qho qauv tsim nrog thaj chaw, cov khoom nyob rau ntawm nws, muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus thiab cov peev txheej hydrological. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim nyog tau teeb tsa.
Rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, cov kws tshaj lij ua qhov raug suav nrog kev sib txuas ntxiv, thiab tseem qhia qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov theem tom ntej ntawm kev ua haujlwm cameral suav nrog kev npaj cov phiaj xwm topographic ntawm cheeb tsam. Ntawm no, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog ua tiav. Ntxiv dua thiab, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab cov hom phiaj, kev soj ntsuam cais ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, cov txheej txheem hauv av, cov peev txheej dej thiab cov tsev nyob hauv lub hom phiaj tuaj yeem ua tiav.
theem ua tiav
Tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem hauv paus, ib pob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam tau muab tso ua ke. Tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem yog daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj lij nrog cov lus piav qhia, daim duab qhia chaw saum toj kawg nkaus thiab cov qauv duab digital txuas nrog. Ib daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas geodetic kuj yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tswj hwm thaj av muaj peev xwm ntawm thaj chaw thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb hauv paus network.
Yuav tsum tau txuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws li caskev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab cameral, hais txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem kev siv. Piav qhia txog technologies, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua raw cov ntaub ntawv.
Field of office processing
Feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm hom no yog ua los ntawm kev npaj cov phiaj xwm kev tsim kho thiab kev soj ntsuam av. Kev ua cov ntaub ntawv geodetic tso cai rau koj los tsim cov yam ntxwv uas pab kom tau txais lub tswv yim ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib yam khoom.
Nws tseem tsim nyog hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub rooj tshawb xyuas lub rooj. Kev ua haujlwm hauv hom ntawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo uas cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm geotechnical tsis ntawm cov av. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm hom no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv seismological, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txav ntawm cov dej hauv av, kev hloov pauv ntawm toj roob hauv pes, thiab lwm yam.
Zoo kawg
Lub hauv paus rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog thaj chaw yog yuav luag ib txwm muaj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog cov qauv yooj yim rau kev kawm ntawm thaj chaw, tsis muaj qhov tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv ceeb toom rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub koob yees duab, ntawm ib sab, yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, kom meej meej thiab raug nthuav tawm nws.
Cov ntaub ntawv twb tau txais thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no raug xa mus rau chav tsim qauv thiab tsim vaj tsev. Tom ntej no, cov kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim kho hauv cheeb tsam kawm lossis hloov kho rau thawj qhov kev kos duab kos duab raws li qhov muaj.data.
