Past Participle yog lus Askiv yav dhau los participle. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog hu ua Participle II. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, yav dhau los Participle sib haum mus rau passive participle nyob rau hauv lub dhau los tense. Piv txwv li: xav tawm, saib, nyiag, ua. Yav dhau los Participle yog daim ntawv tsis yog tus kheej ntawm cov lus qhia thiab suav nrog ob qho tib si nws cov yam ntxwv thiab cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia.
Type of English participles
Cov ntaub ntawv siv feem ntau ntawm cov neeg koom ua lus Askiv yog:
- Present Participle.
- Past Participle.
Rau qhov kev nkag siab zoo dua, peb yuav txheeb xyuas lawv cais.
Present Participle
Tus neeg koom nrog tam sim no qhia txog kev nqis tes ua tib lub sijhawm raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab. Yog hais tias tus predicate nyob rau hauv lub dhau los tense, ces tus participle yuav nyob rau hauv lub dhau los, yog lub predicate nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tense, ces participle, feem, nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, thiab hais txog.
Kev Koom Tes Tam Sim Notsim los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov xaus -ing, piv txwv li:
- scream [skriːm] - qw / qw [ˈskriːmɪŋ] - qw;
- float [fləʊt] - ua luam dej / ntab [ˈfləʊtɪŋ] - ntab.
Txoj kev ntxiv qhov xaus -ing
1. Yog hais tias lo lus xaus nyob rau hauv ib tug consonant thiab nws yog preceded los ntawm ib tug luv luv vowel, ces tus consonant yog doubled ua ntej -ing. Piv txwv li:
- run [rʌn] - khiav / khiav [ˈrʌnɪŋ] - khiav;
- sit [sɪt] - zaum / zaum [ˈsɪtɪŋ] - zaum.
2. Yog hais tias lo lus xaus rau hauv -l thiab ua ntej los ntawm ib tug luv luv vowel, tus l yog ob npaug. Piv txwv li:
- travel [trævl] - travel/travelling [ˈtrævlɪŋ] - travel;
- cancel [ˈkænsəl] - cancel / canceling [ˈkænsəlɪŋ] - canceling.
3. Yog hais tias lo lus xaus rau hauv -r thiab cov lus ua ntej yog kev ntxhov siab thiab tsis yog diphthong, ces tus r yog ob npaug. Piv txwv li:
- prefer [prɪˈfɜː] - nyiam / nyiam [prɪˈfɜːrɪŋ] - preferring;
- refer [rɪˈfɜː] relate/referring [rɪˈfɜːrɪŋ] - related.
4. Yog tias lo lus xaus nrog tsab ntawv ua ke -ie, tom qab ntawd ua ntej -ing qhov ua ke -ie hloov mus rau -y. Piv txwv li:
- tie [taɪ] - tying / tying [ˈtaɪɪŋ] khi;
- lie [laɪ] - dag / dag [ˈlaɪɪŋ] - dag.
5. Yog hais tias ib lo lus xaus nrog ib tug ntsiag to -e, ces nws yuav raug tshem tawm ua ntej -ing. Piv txwv li:
- drive [draɪv] - mus / tsav [ˈdraɪvɪŋ] - tsav;
- make [meɪk] - ua / ua [ˈmeɪkɪŋ] - ua.
Past Participle
Dab tsi yog qhov kev koom tes - Yav Dhau Los Participle? Nws qhia tau hais tias qhov kev txiav txim ua ntej qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov predicate. Yav dhau los Participle yog ib qho kev koom tes qhia txog kev ua tiav.
Cov Kev Koom Tes Yav Dhau Los yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov xaus -ed rau cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua, piv txwv li:
- wash [wɔʃ] - ntxuav / ntxuav [wɒʃt] - ntxuav;
- shift [ʃɪft] - shift / shifted [ˈʃɪftɪd] - shifted.
Rau cov lus qhia tsis xwm yeem, Daim Ntawv Koom Tes Yav Dhau Los tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub rooj ntawm cov lus qhia tsis raug (qhov no yog kab thib peb, hu ua Participle II (V3)). Cov lus no yog nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv sau lus Askiv (nws muaj nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no). Piv txwv:
- think [θɪŋk] - xav / xav [θɔ: t] - invented;
- smell [smel] - tsw/smelt [smelt] - tsw.
Txoj kev ntxiv qhov xaus -ed:
1. Yog hais tias ib lo lus xaus nrog -y ua ntej los ntawm tus consonant, ces tus -y xaus ua ntej -ed hloov mus rau -i. Piv txwv li:
- study [ˈstʌdɪ] - tshawb / kawm [ˈstʌdɪd] - kawm;
- try [traɪ] - sim / sim [traɪd] - sim.
2. Yog tias tsab ntawv y yog ua ntej los ntawm ib tug vowel, ces nws tseem tsis hloov ua ntej -ed. Piv txwv li:
- ntxhais [ɪnˈʤɔɪ] - enjoyed / enjoyed [ɪnˈʤɔɪd] - enjoyed;
- stay [steɪ] - nyob, zaum / nyob [steɪd] - leej twg tau ua haujlwm sijhawm.
3. Yog hais tias lo lus xaus nrog tsab ntawv l, ces ua ntej -ed nwsob npaug. Piv txwv li:
- signal [sɪgnl] - teeb liab / signaled [ˈsɪgnld] - signaled;
- rebel [rebl] - ntxeev siab / ntxeev siab [rɪˈbɛld] - ntxeev siab.
4. Yog tias lo lus xaus rau hauv -e (-ee), ces tsuas yog qhov xaus -d ntxiv. Piv txwv li:
- explore [ɪksˈplɔː] - tshawb / explored [ɪkˈsplɔːd] - explored;
- agree [əˈgriː] - agree / agree [əˈgriːd] - agree.
5. Yog hais tias ib lo lus xaus nyob rau hauv ib tug consonant ua ntej los ntawm ib tug stressed luv luv vowel, tus consonant yog doubled. Piv txwv li:
- stop [stɔp] - nres / nres [stɒpt] - nres;
- occur [əˈkɜː] - tshwm sim / tshwm sim [əkɜːd] - arisen.
6. Yog hais tias muaj ib tug unstressed los yog ntev vowel ua ntej tus consonant, ces tus consonant yuav tsis doubled. Piv txwv li:
- order [ˈɔːdə] - xaj / xaj [ˈɔːdəd] - xaj;
- cool [kuːl] - txias cia / txias [kuːld] - chilled.
7. Qhov kev zam tsuas yog cov ntawv kawg -x thiab -w. Lawv tsis muab ob npaug rau. Piv txwv li:
- mix [mɪks] - mix /mix [mɪkst] - mix;
- snow [snəʊ] - to pour snow / snowed [snəʊd] - snowy.
8. Yog tias lo lus xaus rau hauv -ic, ces ua ntej -ed qhov xaus -ic ua -ick. Piv txwv li:
- mimic [ˈmɪmɪk] - xyaum / mimiced [mɪmɪkt] - imitated;
- panic [ˈpænɪk] - panic / panicked [pænɪkt] - ceeb.
Siv yav dhau los koom nrog hauv kab lus
Bnyob rau hauv ib kab lus, cov koom nrog yav dhau los Participle tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no:
1. Lus txhais. Hauv qhov no, Kev Koom Tes Yav Dhau Los yog ib qho kev koom tes uas teb cov lus nug uas, uas, qhov twg. Feem ntau los ua ntej lo lus raug txhais. Piv txwv li:
- Kuv ncua cov ntaub ntawv kawm. - Kuv muab cov ntaub ntawv kawm (dab tsi?) tso tseg.
- Nyob rau ntawm txee teetered ntxuav tais diav. - Ntxuav (dab tsi?) cov tais diav sawv ntawm lub txee.
Tsis tas li, cov neeg koom tuaj yeem sawv tom qab lub npe raug txhais, tsim cov kab lus koom nrog. Piv txwv li:
- Kuv tus tij laug ua homework los ntawm tus xib fwb. - Kwv tij ua homework los ntawm tus xib fwb (dab tsi?).
- Dad kho lub rooj zaum tawg nag hmo. - Txiv kho lub rooj zaum uas tawg nag hmo (qhov twg?).
2. xwm txheej. Teb cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas?", "vim li cas?", "thaum twg?". Nws tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab lus thiab thaum pib thiab yog ib qho kev piav qhia rau qhov kev qhia ua-predicate. Feem ntau siv nrog kev sib koom ua ke: yog (yog), thaum (thaum twg), txawm tias (txawm tias), txog (tsis tau … tsis), tshwj tsis yog (yog … tsis). Piv txwv li:
- Yog hu tau, nws yuav npaj teb. - Yog nws raug hu, nws yuav npaj teb.
- Thaum tuaj, lawv tsis xav nyob. - Thaum lawv tuaj txog, lawv tsis xav nyob.
3. Semantic verb kom tau lub suab passive. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub yav dhau los Participle yog nyob rau hauv lub yav tas Simple Passive (passive suab). Piv txwv li:
- Lub tsev tau rhuav tshem xyoo tas los. - Lub tsev raug rhuav tshem xyoo tas los.
- Qhov kev zov me nyuam tau teeb tsa nag hmo. -Qhov kev pab cuam tau nruab nag hmo.
4. Ib qho lus qhia semantic kom tau txais Kev Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij dhau los, Tam sim no Perfect thiab yav tom ntej Perfect tenses. Piv txwv li:
- Nws twb txiav cov roses tas lawm. - Nws twb txiav cov roses tas lawm.
- Nws tau nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv thaum 8 teev sawv ntxov. xa. - Nws nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm yim thaum sawv ntxov.
Cov lus Askiv yav dhau los yog ib txwm zoo meej thiab siv tshwj xeeb rau yav dhau los. Qhov kev koom tes no yog siv los ntawm kev nkag siab.
Yog tias koj nkag siab tag nrho cov nuances ntawm kev siv yav dhau los Participle, ces lus Askiv thiab lus Askiv tenses yuav pom tau yooj yim dua. Nws kuj tseem yuav pom tseeb thaum qhov kev koom tes siv los ua ib qho kev txhais, thiab thaum muaj xwm txheej, thaum nyob rau hauv lub suab passive, thiab thaum twg nws yog ib feem ntawm lub Perfect tense tsim.
