Central Russia yog ib qho chaw loj hauv cheeb tsam. Kev lig kev cai, lo lus no tau siv los xa mus rau thaj chaw gravitating ntawm Moscow, uas Moscow, thiab tom qab ntawd lub xeev Lavxias tau tsim.
Kev pab dav dav
keeb kwm ntawm Central Russia, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm peb lub xeev, pib nrog kev tsim ntawm Muscovy nyob rau hauv lub XIII-XV centuries, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm disparate tej thawj coj. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm cheeb tsam no muaj ntau architectural, keeb kwm thiab kev sau ntawv monuments thiab tsev cia puav pheej. Lub nplhaib Golden yog dav paub thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws - lub nroog qub ntawm Central Russia: Sergiev Posad, Rostov lub Great thiab Pereslavl-Zalessky, Kostroma, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Bogolyubovo, Gus-Khrustalny, Gorokhovets, Kalyazin, Kideksha, Murom, Palekh thiab lwm yam Golden nplhaib npog xws li cov cheeb tsam xws li Moscow, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma. Lub nroog ancient ntawm Central Russia paub txog lawv cov txuj ci kos duab tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, Fedoskino, Kholuy thiab Palekh yog nto moo rau lawv lacquer miniatures, Gzhel rau ceramics, Zhostovo rau pleev xim rau tais, Abramtsevo rauntoo carving, Khotkovo - pob txha carving, pos. Mstera - lacquer miniatures thiab braided lace, pos. Liab-on-Volga - hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua los ntawm tooj liab, tooj dag, nyiaj, Rostov lub Great - enamel (me me painting rau enamel).
Stages of development
Kev tsim ntawm thaj av no tau cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov peculiarities ntawm keeb kwm kev loj hlob thiab kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw. Lub hauv paus ntawm Russia yog nyob rau hauv lub hav thiab nyob rau hauv lub watersheds ntawm lub Dnieper, Oka, Volga thiab Western Dvina, nws muaj ib tug zoo heev txoj hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm tsim lub xeev. Ua tsaug rau cov dej ntws, kev sib txuas lus tau ua tiav nrog cov sab nrauv, nrog rau cov teb chaws nyob sib ze. Lub hauv paus cheeb tsam ntawm Russia yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai, los ntawm no kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws.
Nyob rau theem pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, cov pej xeem tau siv ntau yam kev siv hauv zos xws li hlau ore, thee, ntoo, limestone, xuab zeb, ntsev, av nplaum, peat thiab lwm yam. Ferrous metallurgy thiab metalworking, woodworking, ntsev ua, ceramic thiab iav, textile thiab tawv thiab khau industries tau yug los ntawm no. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet era, peb hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Volga, thiab ib tug pumped-cia fais fab nroj tsuag tau tsim nyob rau hauv Sergiev Posad. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tsib caug xyoo ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, lub ntiaj teb no thawj nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Kaluga cheeb tsam, thiab 20-30 xyoo tom qab, lub central ib feem ntawm Russia tau txais ob tug ntxiv nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag - nyob rau hauv lub Tver thiab Smolensk cheeb tsam..
Pab neeg ntawm cheeb tsam
Lub Cheeb Tsam Nruab Nrab ntawm Russia yog thaj chaw uas cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias tau tsim. Thiab niaj hnub no cov pej xeem Lavxias yeej yeej ntawm no. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, nyob rau hauv lub Volga-Vyatka cheeb tsam, ua lub Chuvash, Mordovians, thiab Mari nyob. Raws li kev suav pej xeem xyoo 2002, tsawg dua 38 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Ntawm no: Russians - 34 lab (91%), Ukrainians - 756 txhiab (1.99%), Tatars - 288 txhiab (0.77%), Armenians - 249 txhiab (0.66%), Belarusians - 186 txhiab (0.49%), Azerbaijanis - 161 txhiab (0.43%), thiab cov neeg Yudais - 103 txhiab (0.27%). Lwm haiv neeg suav tsawg dua 0.2%.
Center of Russia txoj kev nom kev tswv thiab nyiaj txiag lub neej
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub hauv cheeb tsam tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hauv qab no: lub luag haujlwm ntawm nws cov chaw tsim khoom raws li cov qauv tsim, kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv lub tebchaws; muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog; muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw; txhim kho kev thauj mus los zoo heev; lub zog tsim tawm ntawm ntau hom fais fab nroj tsuag; siv cov khoom siv raw; tsim ntawm metallurgical puag thiab lwm yam. Niaj hnub no, Central Russia tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev ua haujlwm txawj. Cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshwj xeeb yog mechanical engineering, metallurgy, light and chemical industries. Tsis yog qhov chaw kawg yog nyob los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev pabcuam thiab kev tshawb fawb, nrog rau kev kawm qib siab, kos duab thiab kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tourism thiab excursionkev ua si.
yam ntxwv ntawm cheeb tsam kev lag luam
Thaj av Central ntawm Russia suav nrog cov cheeb tsam kev lag luam hauv qab no: Volga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth thiab Central. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw ntawm lawv txhua tus. Qhov no yuav pab kom nkag siab txog lawv lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis yog ntawm thaj av no nkaus xwb, tab sis thoob plaws lub tebchaws.
Volgo-Vyatka cheeb tsam
cheeb tsam no suav nrog thaj chaw hauv qab no ntawm Central Russia: Nizhny Novgorod thiab Kirov, nrog rau cov koom pheej: Chuvash, Mordovia thiab Mari El. Nws thaj chaw yog 263 txhiab square kilometers. Lub cheeb tsam Volga-Vyatka yog nyob rau hauv cov European ib feem ntawm peb lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv lub basins ntawm lub Vyatka thiab Volga dej ntws. Qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov hlab ntsha dej loj txuas nrog Lub Chaw nrog thaj tsam Volga, Urals, North-West, tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm no yog temperate continental. Tag nrho thaj chaw yog npog nrog hav zoov. Lub ntsiab tshwj xeeb ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv yog mechanical engineering. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev lag luam ntoo thiab tshuaj lom neeg tsim tau zoo. Cov khoom siv tes ua thaum ub, xws li Khokhloma painting, tau muaj sia nyob thiab tab tom txhim kho mus txog niaj hnub no.
Central Chernozem cheeb tsam
Lub nroog no suav nrog Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov thiab Kursk cheeb tsam. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev thauj mus los yooj yim thiab thaj chaw. Nws thaj chaw yog 107 txhiab square kilometers. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ncaj loj depositshlau ore thiab cement raw cov ntaub ntawv, raws li zoo raws li ib tug tseem ceeb reserves ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm, pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam ceg ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm no yog me ntsis continental, lub ntuj zones yog steppe thiab hav zoov-steppe, lub nyem yog feem ntau tiaj tus. Cov av dub loj heev nyob hauv thaj chaw no, tab sis feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw tsis muaj dej.
Qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm metallurgical, tshuaj, engineering thiab zaub mov kev lag luam, nrog rau kev tsim ua liaj ua teb.
Central District
Lub koog tsev kawm ntawv no suav nrog: Bryansk, Vladimir, Kaluga, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Moscow, Oryol, Smolensk, Tver, Ryazan, Yaroslavl thiab Tula cheeb tsam. Txoj haujlwm kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw yog qhov tseem ceeb, yog li nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev thauj mus los thiab lwm yam. Thaj chaw yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai. Nws tsis yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv natural resources. Yog li ntawd, kev lag luam feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom. Muaj reserves ntawm phosphorites, peat, xim av thee, limestone, xuab zeb. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb yog kev tsim cov khoom lag luam complex, tsis muaj teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txawj ua haujlwm. Cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb yog tshuaj lom neeg, lub teeb, kev lag luam luam ntawv thiab ntau qhov kev lag luam engineering.
Nature of region
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm thaj av no muaj ntau haiv neeg - los ntawm hav zoov mus rau steppes. Nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj chaw muaj ntau qhov tso nyiaj los ntawm pob zeb thiabloams. Lawv tshwm sim thaum lub zog ntawm lub glacier. Tom qab nws thim rov qab, thaj chaw los ntawm sab laug ntug dej ntawm Oka mus rau Moskva River tau dhau los ua swampy heev. Cov toj roob hauv pes no hu ua Meshcherskaya lowland. Ntawm no, ntoo thuv hav zoov vam meej. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Central Russia muaj ntau lub pas dej: Chukhlomskoye, Nero, Pleshcheyevo thiab Galichskoye. Fertile av tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov reservoirs, generously fertilized nrog silt. Ntxiv rau thaj chaw swampy, thaj av ntawd muaj dej nyab hav dej: Suzdal, Yuryevskaya thiab Muromskaya. Nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm cheeb tsam no, tus dej Volga originates, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm nws kim heev dej nyab, vim hais tias ib feem kaum ntawm lub Tver cheeb tsam yog them nrog swamps. Cov dej uas sau nyob rau hauv cov lowlands nrhiav tsis tau lawv txoj kev mus ntev. Lub cheeb tsam Bryansk tau ntev tau nto moo rau nws cov hav zoov tuab. Sab qab teb ntawm cheeb tsam yog feem ntau sawv cev los ntawm steppe expanses.
Zoo kawg
Summarizing, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias Central Russia yog ib tug loj heev inter-koom haum complex, uas muaj tej yam kev mob rau kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Cov cheeb tsam no yog qhov txawv ntawm nws txoj kev lag luam zoo thiab thaj chaw nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm European ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Central Russia kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo - qhov no yog qhov tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv hiav txwv thiab cov peev txheej ntuj tsawg. Tab sis lawv tau them nyiaj los ntawm qhov sib thooj rau thaj tsam loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam - Volga Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Cheeb Tsam, nrog rau cov cheeb tsam nplua nuj ntawm cov peev txheej - European North. Tsis tas li ntawd, Central Russia yog nyob ib sab nrog cov neeg lag luam txawv teb chaws - Belarus thiab Ukraine.
cheeb tsam no yog thaj chaw muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws thiab tsim nyob hauv Russia. Central District ntawm Russia yog lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Txawm hais tias nws tsis zoo rau North-West nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm feem ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog (80%), nws yog thawj zaug nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov theem ntawm concentration ntawm cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv lub loj tshaj plaws nroog thiab agglomeration hauv nroog.
