Cov kab lus hais txog qhov sib npaug TNT yog, thaum qhov kev ntsuas no tau nthuav tawm thawj zaug, lawv ntsuas qhov twg, thiab vim li cas thiaj li xav tau lub ntsiab lus ntawd.
Start
Qhov tawg thawj zaug uas tib neeg tau ntsib yog rab phom. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb thaum pib ntawm peb lub sijhawm, tab sis ntev ntev nws tsuas yog siv los ua ib lub foob pob hluav taws thiab lwm yam kev lom zem ua yeeb yam. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog nws tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov kev tsov rog.
Tab sis thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nws tau hloov los ntawm lwm yam khoom tawg, muaj zog dua, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo dua. Thiab ib tug ntawm lawv, uas yog siv rau niaj hnub no, yog trinitrotoluene los yog TNT. Nws yog cov khoom siv dav siv thiab ntau yam uas TNT sib npaug tau dhau los ua kev ntsuas rau cov xwm txheej muaj zog, xws li tawg ntawm lwm cov khoom tawg, cov teebmeem ntawm meteorite ntog thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov foob pob nuclear. Qhov no tau ua tiav rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev suav, ib hom kev ntsuas thoob ntiaj teb tau tshwm sim. Tab sis ua ntej ua ntej.
Hnub nyoog ntawm Atom
Thaum 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, lub ntiaj teb tau txais riam phom tshiab thiab loj heev raws li lub zog ntawm kev lwjuranium atoms, thiab tom qab plutonium.
Muab nws yooj yim, thawj lub foob pob atomic ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus "cannon" yooj yooj yim. Nws yog thaum ntawd qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim rau txoj kev ntsuas lawv qhov tawg raws li TNT sib npaug. Ob daim ntawm cov uranium uas muaj nplua nuj heev tau muab tso rau hauv qhov "pib" qhov sib txawv, thiab thaum lub sijhawm lub sijhawm tawg ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tawg tau thawb lawv ua ke nrog lub zog loj, vim tias cov saw hlau cuam tshuam ntawm kev lwj ntawm uranium atoms. tau pib, nrog rau kev tawg ntawm lub zog loj heev. Piv txwv li, TNT sib npaug ntawm riam phom nuclear poob ntawm Hiroshima thaj tsam ntawm 13 txog 18 kilotons. Tab sis hu li cas?
Vim
Raws li qhov kev lees paub lees paub, qhov sib npaug TNT tau muab faib ua cov nram qab no:
- Gram.
- Kib.
- Tone.
- Kilton (ib txhiab tons).
- Megaton (million tons).
Muab nws yooj yim, qhov sib npaug ntawm TNT yog ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom zoo sib xws yuav tsum rov ua qhov no lossis qhov tawg lossis tshwm sim - volcanic eruption, thiab lwm yam.
Hiroshima thiab Nagasaki
Lub Yim Hli 6, 1945 yog thawj zaug thiab, hmoov zoo, qhov kawg siv riam phom atomic hauv kev ua phem. Kev tawg nuclear hauv Hiroshima yog qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai rau nws cov neeg nyob, vim tias, zoo li lwm yam riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj, nws tsis txawv ntawm cov pej xeem thiab cov tub rog. Qhov tawg yuav luag tagcity.
Txawm hais tias los ntawm qhov kev pom zoo, qhov tsim ntawm lub foob pob ntawd nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm uranium, tsuas yog 1% succumbed rau fission. Tej zaum nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm zam kev raug mob ntau dua.
Lub foob pob hluav taws xob hauv Hiroshima tseem yog, ntau xyoo tom qab, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog nws qhov tsim nyog thiab kev ncaj ncees dav dav, txij li cov neeg pej xeem txaus ntshai tau tuag, thiab tseem tshuav ntau dua rau lub neej vim muaj zog Lub teeb ci, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm teeb hluav taws rau cov tsev thiab cov neeg hlawv.
Thiab peb hnub tom qab, txoj hmoo zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim rau cov neeg ntawm Nagasaki.
Muaj kev xav yuam kev tias nws yog cov kev foob pob ua rau cov nees ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II los ntawm US rog. Tab sis nws tsis yog. Lawv tsuas yog maj mam mus txog qhov kawg ntawm cov tub rog uas tsis muaj zog ntawm Nyij Pooj, uas tau tawm tsam ntawm ob sab tawm tsam Asmeskas hauv Pacific thiab USSR nyob rau sab hnub tuaj.
Qhov tawg hauv TNT sib npaug ntawm lub foob pob uas mus rau Hiroshima yog los ntawm 13 txog 18 txhiab tons ntawm TNT (kilotons), thiab Nagasaki - 21 kilotons.
kev sib haum xeeb atom
Ntxiv rau cov riam phom nuclear, "kev txwv" ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua rau tib neeg yuav luag tsis muaj zog ntawm lub zog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov reactors ntawm ntau yam qauv, xws li los ntawm cov chav loj loj uas muab hluav taws xob rau tag nrho lub nroog, xaus nrog kev cog lus. radioisotope, lub npe hu ua RITEGs, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm lub USSR tau dav tsim thiab ua hauj lwm rau lub hwj chim lighthouses, kev tshawb fawb thiab arctic chaw nres tsheb. Nws yog noteworthy tiaslawv tau koom nrog kev rov ua dua tshiab hauv peb lub xyoo thiab lawv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Nws tau mus txog qhov uas cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tau sim muag RITEG rau seem.
Hmoov zoo, kev tsov rog nuclear, uas tau ntshai heev thaum lub sij hawm kev sib cav ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas, tsis tshwm sim. Thiab cov arsenals nuclear pab, theej, raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, uas tiv thaiv lub teb chaws los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los yog pib ua tsov rog ntiaj teb tshiab.
Lwm yam khoom
TNT lub zog kuj tseem siv, tsis yog los xaiv lwm tus nqi hluav taws xob tuag. Nws ntsuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev poob meteorites, tawg ntawm lub roob hluav taws thiab tawg ntawm lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg tawg. Qhov kev ntsuas no qhia ntau npaum li cas cov khoom muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog dua li trinitrotoluene. Piv txwv li, lub zog ntawm rab phom yog 0.55-0.66, ammonal - 0.99, hexogen - 1.3-1.6 hauv TNT sib npaug.
