Yuav kom nkag siab tias dab tsi yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw sib nqus, ntau qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau txhais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov ua ntej yuav ua li cas thiab vim li cas nws tshwm. Nrhiav seb dab tsi yog lub zog yam ntxwv ntawm lub magnetic teb. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov teb no tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis yog hauv cov hlau nplaum xwb. Hauv qhov no, nws tsis raug mob los hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb magnetic teb.
Field Emergence
Ua ntej, peb yuav tsum piav qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim teb. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov chaw sib nqus thiab nws cov yam ntxwv. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm txav ntawm cov khoom them. Muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau kev txav hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv conductive conductors. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus thiab cov nqi txav, lossis cov khoom siv los ntawm cov dej ntws tam sim no, tshwm sim vim muaj zog hu ua electromagnetic.
Kev siv zog lossis lub zog yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau nplaum hauvib qho kev taw qhia spatial yog txiav txim siab siv magnetic induction. Lub tom kawg yog denoted los ntawm lub cim B.
duab sawv cev ntawm thaj teb
Qhov sib nqus thiab nws cov yam ntxwv tuaj yeem sawv cev siv cov kab induction. Cov lus txhais no yog hu ua kab, cov tangents uas nyob rau ntawm ib qho chaw yuav coincide nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm vector y ntawm cov hlau nplaum induction.
Cov kab no suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab siv los txiav txim siab nws cov kev taw qhia thiab kev siv zog. Qhov siab dua qhov sib nqus ntawm qhov sib nqus, cov ntaub ntawv kab ntau yuav raug kos.
Dab tsi yog cov kab sib nqus
Cov kab sib nqus hauv cov kab ncaj nraim nrog tam sim no muaj cov duab ntawm lub voj voog concentric, qhov chaw uas nyob rau ntawm qhov axis ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kab hlau nplaum nyob ze ntawm cov conductors nrog tam sim no yog txiav txim los ntawm gimlet txoj cai, uas suab zoo li no: yog hais tias lub gimlet nyob rau hauv thiaj li hais tias nws yuav tsum tau screwed rau hauv lub conductor nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub tam sim no, ces cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm lub gimlet. kov sib raug rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kab sib nqus.
Rau lub kauj nrog tam sim no, cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau nplaum kuj yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm txoj cai gimlet. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau tig lub kov nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub solenoid. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kab sib nqus induction yuav sib haum mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub translational txav ntawm lub gimlet.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib xws thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Tsim los ntawm ib qho tam sim no, nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug, thaj tebyuav txawv nyob rau hauv nws siv nyob rau hauv sib txawv xov xwm vim txawv magnetic zog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj no. Cov khoom sib nqus ntawm qhov nruab nrab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib nqus permeability. Ntsuas hauv henries ib 'meter' (g / m).
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau nplaum muaj xws li qhov sib nqus permeability ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, hu ua qhov sib nqus tas li. Tus nqi uas txiav txim siab pes tsawg zaus ntawm qhov sib nqus permeability ntawm qhov nruab nrab yuav txawv ntawm qhov tas li yog hu ua tus txheeb ze sib nqus permeability.
Magnetic permeability ntawm cov khoom
Qhov no yog qhov tsis muaj qhov ntau. Cov khoom uas muaj tus nqi permeability tsawg dua ib qho yog hu ua diamagnetic. Hauv cov khoom no, daim teb yuav tsis muaj zog dua li hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev. Cov khoom no muaj nyob rau hauv hydrogen, dej, quartz, nyiaj, thiab lwm yam.
Xov xwm uas muaj qhov sib nqus permeability ntau dua ib qho hu ua paramagnetic. Hauv cov khoom no, daim teb yuav muaj zog dua li hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev. Cov xov xwm thiab cov khoom no suav nrog huab cua, txhuas, oxygen, platinum.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm paramagnetic thiab diamagnetic tshuaj, tus nqi ntawm magnetic permeability yuav tsis nyob ntawm qhov voltage ntawm sab nraud, magnetizing teb. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus nqi yog tas mus li rau ib yam khoom.
Ferromagnet yog ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb. Rau cov khoom no, qhov sib nqus permeability yuav ncav cuag ntau txhiab lossis ntau dua. Cov khoom no, uas muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm kev sib nqus thiab ua kom cov hlau nplaum sib nqus, yog siv dav hauv hluav taws xob engineering.
Teb zog
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau nplaum, ua ke nrog cov hlau nplaum induction vector, tus nqi hu ua lub zog hlau nplaum tuaj yeem siv. Lub sij hawm no yog vector kom muaj nuj nqis uas txiav txim siab qhov kev siv ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub magnetic teb nyob rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab nrog tib lub zog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia, lub zog vector yuav coincide nrog lub magnetic induction vector ntawm lub teb taw tes.
Cov khoom sib nqus muaj zog ntawm ferromagnets tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov muaj cov hlau nplaum me me hauv lawv, uas tuaj yeem sawv cev ua cov hlau nplaum me me.
Tsis muaj qhov sib nqus, cov tshuaj ferromagnetic yuav tsis muaj cov khoom sib nqus, txij li cov chaw sau tau txais kev sib txawv, thiab lawv tag nrho cov magnetic teb yog xoom.
Raws li cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw sib nqus, yog tias ferromagnet muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sib nqus sab nraud, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib lub kauj nrog tam sim no, ces nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm sab nraud teb, cov thawj yuav tig mus rau hauv lub coil nrog tam sim no. kev taw qhia ntawm sab nraud teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub magnetic teb ntawm lub kauj yuav nce, thiab cov hlau nplaum induction yuav nce. Yog tias qhov chaw sab nraud tsis muaj zog txaus, tsuas yog ib feem ntawm txhua qhov chaw uas nws qhov chaw sib nqus mus rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud yuav tig mus. Raws li lub zog ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud nce, tus naj npawb ntawm cov rotated domains yuav nce, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam nqi ntawm lub sab nraud teb voltage, yuav luag tag nrho cov seem yuav tig kom cov magnetic teb nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub sab nraud teb. Lub xeev no hu ua magnetic saturation.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm magnetic induction thiab siv
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov sib nqus induction ntawm cov khoom siv ferromagnetic thiab lub zog ntawm sab nraud tuaj yeem piav qhia siv daim duab hu ua magnetization nkhaus. Ntawm qhov khoov ntawm daim duab nkhaus, tus nqi ntawm kev nce hauv magnetic induction txo. Tom qab khoov, qhov twg qhov nro nce mus txog ib theem, saturation tshwm sim, thiab qhov nkhaus nce me ntsis, maj mam tau txais cov duab ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim. Hauv seem no, qhov induction tseem tab tom loj hlob, tab sis maj mam thiab tsuas yog vim qhov nce ntawm lub zog ntawm sab nraud.
Qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov duab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis yog ncaj qha, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv qhov piv tsis tas li, thiab qhov sib nqus permeability ntawm cov khoom tsis yog qhov taw qhia tas li, tab sis nyob ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud.
Hloov pauv hauv cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov khoom
Thaum nce qhov tam sim no mus rau tag nrho cov saturation nyob rau hauv ib lub kauj nrog ib tug ferromagnetic core thiab ces txo nws, lub magnetization nkhaus yuav tsis coincide nrog lub demagnetization nkhaus. Nrog xoom siv, qhov sib nqus induction yuav tsis muaj nqi tib yam, tab sis yuav tau txais qee qhov ntsuas hu ua residual magnetic induction. Qhov xwm txheej nrog lub lagging ntawm magnetic induction los ntawm magnetizing quab yuam yog hu ua hysteresis.
Txhawm rau kom demagnetize cov ferromagnetic core nyob rau hauv lub kauj, nws yuav tsum tau muab ib tug rov qab tam sim no, uas yuav tsim kom muaj qhov nro. Rau ntau yam ferromagnetictshuaj, ib ntu ntawm ntau qhov ntev yog xav tau. Qhov loj dua, lub zog xav tau ntau dua rau demagnetization. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv tag nrho demagnetized yog hu ua coercive force.
Nrog rau qhov nce ntxiv ntawm qhov tam sim no hauv lub kauj, qhov induction yuav rov nce ntxiv rau qhov saturation Performance index, tab sis nrog kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab sib nqus. Thaum demagnetizing nyob rau hauv qhov opposite kev taw qhia, residual induction yuav tau. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau nplaum seem yog siv los tsim cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov los ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov hlau nplaum seem siab. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm remagnetize yog siv los tsim cov cores rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv.
Txoj cai sab laug
Lub zog uas cuam tshuam rau tus neeg xyuas pib nrog tam sim no muaj kev taw qhia los ntawm txoj cai ntawm sab laug tes: thaum lub xib teg ntawm tus nkauj xwb txhais tes nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas cov kab hlau nplaum nkag mus rau nws, thiab plaub ntiv tes txuas ntxiv. nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib, lub bent ntiv tes taw qhia cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog. Qhov quab yuam no yog perpendicular rau induction vector thiab tam sim no.
Ib tus neeg nqa khoom tam sim no txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw sib nqus yog suav tias yog tus qauv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv lub zog siv tshuab.
Txoj cai tes
Thaum lub sijhawm txav ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib hauv qhov chaw sib nqus, lub zog hluav taws xob tau ua rau hauv nws, uas muaj tus nqi sib piv rau qhov sib nqus induction, qhov ntev ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib koom nrog thiab qhov nrawm ntawm nws txoj kev txav mus los. Qhov kev vam khom no yog hu ua electromagnetic induction. NtawmKev txiav txim siab ntawm induced EMF nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib, txoj cai txoj cai yog siv: thaum sab tes xis nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li nyob rau hauv cov piv txwv ntawm sab laug, cov magnetic kab nkag mus rau hauv xib teg, thiab tus ntiv tes xoo qhia cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub EMF. txav ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, cov ntiv tes tawm ntawm qhov taw qhia ntawm qhov induced EMF. Tus neeg xyuas pib txav mus rau hauv cov hlau nplaum sib nqus nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm lub zog siv hluav taws xob yog qhov piv txwv yooj yim ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Txoj cai lij choj ntawm electromagnetic induction tuaj yeem tsim txawv: nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog kaw, ib qho EMF raug ntxias, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus npog los ntawm qhov Circuit Court, EFE hauv Circuit Court yog tus lej sib npaug ntawm qhov hloov pauv. ntawm qhov sib nqus flux uas npog qhov Circuit Court.
daim ntawv no muab qhov ntsuas nruab nrab EMF thiab qhia qhov kev cia siab ntawm EMF tsis nyob ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus, tab sis ntawm tus nqi ntawm nws qhov kev hloov pauv.
Lenz's Law
Koj kuj yuav tsum nco ntsoov Lenz txoj cai: qhov tam sim no cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlau nplaum dhau los ntawm Circuit Court, nws cov hlau nplaum tiv thaiv qhov kev hloov no. Yog hais tias lub lem ntawm lub kauj yog pierced los ntawm sib nqus fluxes ntawm txawv magnitudes, lub EMF induced ntawm tag nrho cov kauj yog sib npaug zos rau cov sum ntawm EMF nyob rau hauv sib txawv lem. Cov lej ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kauj yog hu ua flux linkage. Chav ntsuas ntawm qhov ntau, nrog rau cov sib nqus flux, yog weber.
Thaum hluav taws xob tam sim no hauv Circuit Court hloov, cov hlau nplaum tsim los ntawm nws kuj hloov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li txoj cai ntawm electromagnetic induction, sab hauvTus neeg xyuas pib, EMF yog induced. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv tam sim no hauv tus neeg xyuas pib, yog li qhov tshwm sim no hu ua tus kheej induction, thiab EMF induced nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib hu ua tus kheej induction EMF.
Flux linkage thiab magnetic flux nyob ntawm seb tsis yog ntawm lub zog ntawm tam sim no, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, thiab qhov sib nqus permeability ntawm cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig.
Tus coefficient ntawm proportionality yog hu ua inductance ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Nws yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib los tsim kev sib txuas flux thaum hluav taws xob hla nws. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob circuits. Rau qee cov circuits, inductance yog qhov tas li. Nws yuav nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov contour, nws configuration thiab magnetic permeability ntawm nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub zog tam sim no nyob rau hauv Circuit Court thiab sib nqus flux yuav tsis muaj teeb meem.
Cov lus txhais thiab qhov tshwm sim saum toj no muab kev piav qhia ntawm dab tsi yog qhov sib nqus. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau nplaum kuj tau muab, nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov uas nws muaj peev xwm txhais tau qhov tshwm sim no.
