Qhov txawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kho thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm tsis tu ncua yog dab tsi? Txhawm rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev xiam oob khab loj tau txais kev paub, kev txawj ntse, cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Cia peb xav txog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas siv los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kho.
Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm
Tus kws qhia ntawv siv zaj dab neeg thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov menyuam tshwj xeeb. Ua tsaug rau qhov pom tseeb, kev xav ntawm qee yam tshwm sim, cov xwm txheej, tus kws qhia ntawv cuam tshuam cov kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Lub tsev kawm kho mob suav nrog kev siv ntau txoj hauv kev rau zaj dab neeg, uas nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb:
- description;
- outline;
- intro.
Muaj qee yam yuav tsum tau ua rau tus xibfwb hais lus:
- expressiveness, clarity, brightness;
- impeccability los ntawm lub laj thawj thiab lub suab;
- raug accents, clarity ntawm pronunciation ntawm xaus;
- slowness of speech;
- nkag mus rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
Ua haujlwm nrog phau ntawv
Lub tsev kawm ntawv kho mob tso cai siv cov lus hais ib ntus. Tab sis nws yog kev nyeem cov phau ntawv hauv qib thawj uas yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias cov menyuam yaus tau paub txog qhov tseeb, kev hais lus ntawm tus kws qhia, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb.
Tus xib hwb caw cov me nyuam los nyeem lawv tus kheej, ces lawv teb nws cov lus nug. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem no xaiv, vim hais tias cov me nyuam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kho qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse muaj peev xwm.
Qhov kev piav qhia feem ntau yog txwv rau kev sib tham. Txoj kev no suav nrog cov lus teb rau cov lus nug theem pib uas tus xibfwb qhia.
Lub tsev kawm ntawv kho kom raug tso cai siv kev sib tham nyob rau theem sib txawv ntawm zaj lus qhia: nyob rau hauv qhov dej, hauv cov txheej txheem piav qhia cov khoom tshiab, thaum xaus. Nws yog nrog los ntawm kev ua qauv qhia ntawm ntau yam kev kawm, kev ywj pheej ua haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Tus kws qhia ntawv siv qhov kev npaj rau cov lus qhia tiag tiag thiab lub luag haujlwm, xav txog nws lub ntsiab lus, lub hom phiaj, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Cov lus nug xav tau
Tus kws qhia ntawv uas ua haujlwm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv kho yuav tsum qhia meej thiab raug tsim cov haujlwm, ua rau lawv nkag mus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Yuav tsum muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov lus nug, lawv raug tsim los ntawm tus kheej lub peev xwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Kev sib tham ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev kawm thiab kev khotxoj hauj lwm hauv kev kawm ntawv.
Lub Tsev Kawm Kho Mob Tshwj Xeeb muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem pom:
- excursions;
- ua qauv qhia ntawm ntau yam kev paub thiab kev sim nco;
- kev soj ntsuam txhua hnub.
Pom pom yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov menyuam yaus, txij li kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv nrog nws cov kev pabcuam yog ua nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv qhov kev nkag siab ncaj qha ntawm qhov tseeb.
Thaum xaiv cov khoom rau kev soj ntsuam, tus kws qhia ntawv xav txog:
- qhov sib lawv liag ntawm kev muab rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv;
- kev koom tes ntawm kev kawm ntawm txhua yam khoom.
Kev ua qauv qhia muaj qhov pom kev pom kev pom ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv nrog cov xwm txheej, khoom siv, txheej txheem. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog universal, vim nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kawm phenomena thiab lawv cov khoom.
Thaum ua qauv qhia tej yam khoom ntawd, tus kws qhia ntawv tham txog xim, qhov zoo, qhov tsos, cov khoom.
Ntxiv rau cov khoom ntuj, kuj tseem muaj cov cim, cov duab kos duab, cov cuab yeej kos duab thiab cov duab sawv cev.
Piv txwv li, nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev kawm, kev piav qhia thiab kev pom yog xav tau: paintings, drawings, maps, graphics. Nyob rau theem siab ntawm kev kawm, cov kws qhia ntawv nyiam schematic thiab cov cim qhia meej.
cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Dab tsi ntxiv uas ua rau lub tsev kawm raug kho? Kev ua lej nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tsuas yog txwv rau cov haujlwm yooj yim thiab kev tawm dag zog. Thaum npaj kev ua haujlwm ywj pheejcov tub ntxhais kawm siv lawv tus kheej kev paub txog.
Thaum xaiv thiab siv qhov pom kev hauv cov txheej txheem kev kawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qee yam yuav tsum tau ua:
- cov khoom tso tawm yuav tsum pom rau cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm ntau sab;
- nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xaiv theem zoo ntawm zaj lus qhia uas nws yuav qhia rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv;
- kev ua qauv qhia ntawm qhov muag pom yuav tsum nrog cov lus piav qhia.
Qee yam ntawm cov kev qhia pom uas tsim nyog siv hauv cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb suav nrog:
- kev ua yeeb yaj kiab;
- display videos;
- saib moviestrips;
- ua haujlwm ntawm lub computer.
Kev faib tawm
Cia peb xav txog yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv kho uas tam sim no muaj nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev xaiv rau cov tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb, txhua qhov yog tsim los rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem ntawm lub cev.
Ntau hom tsev kawm kho mob ua haujlwm raws li cov kev kawm sib cais thiab kev loj hlob tau tsim los suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
Piv txwv li, muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv tsim los rau cov me nyuam tsis hnov lus. Hauv lawv, cov txheej txheem kev kawm yog sawv cev los ntawm peb theem ntawm kev kawm dav dav:
- thawj theem, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov menyuam yaus tau ua tiav, theem ntawm lawv qhov kev npaj rau kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob tau tshwm sim; cov xib fwb ua hauj lwm los txhawb cov me nyuam muaj siabkawm;
- nyob rau theem nrab, kev ua ub no tau ua los ua tus cwj pwm ntawm tus menyuam tsis hnov lus, nws cov haujlwm, txhim kho kev sau ntawv thiab hais lus, thiab kev txawj ua haujlwm ywj pheej;
- nyob rau theem ob, kev ua haujlwm tab tom npaj npaj cov tub ntxhais kawm rau lub neej hauv zej zog;
- kauj ruam thib peb suav nrog kev ua haujlwm kho ntawm kev tsim lub rooj sib hais qhov seem, nrog rau cov dej num tsom rau kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv.
Schools rau cov me nyuam tsis pom kev
Kho cov tsev kawm ntawv kho mob ntawm hom III thiab IV tau tsim los muab kev kawm, kev cob qhia, kho qhov sib txawv ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj qhov muag tsis pom kev. Lawv ua hauj lwm tsom rau kev khaws cia, kev loj hlob, tsim kom tau nyiaj pab thiab kho cov txuj ci uas pab txhawb kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv zej zog.
