Dab tsi yog acceleration hauv physics? Kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov loj me nrog kev ceev thiab kev ncua deb mus. Teeb meem daws piv txwv

Cov txheej txheem:

Dab tsi yog acceleration hauv physics? Kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov loj me nrog kev ceev thiab kev ncua deb mus. Teeb meem daws piv txwv
Dab tsi yog acceleration hauv physics? Kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov loj me nrog kev ceev thiab kev ncua deb mus. Teeb meem daws piv txwv
Anonim

Txoj kev txav ntawm lub cev hauv qhov chaw yog piav qhia los ntawm cov yam ntxwv, ntawm cov uas tseem ceeb yog qhov kev ncua deb, nrawm thiab nrawm. Cov yam ntxwv tom kawg feem ntau txiav txim siab peculiarity thiab hom kev txav nws tus kheej. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav xav txog cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog acceleration hauv physics, thiab peb yuav muab piv txwv ntawm kev daws teeb meem siv tus nqi no.

Qhov sib npaug tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw

Ua ntej txhais kev nrawm hauv physics, cia peb muab qhov sib npaug ntawm cov dynamics, uas yog hu ua Newton txoj cai thib ob. Nws feem ntau sau raws li hauv qab no:

F¯dt=dp¯

Ntawd yog, lub zog F¯, muaj tus cwj pwm sab nraud, muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qee lub cev thaum lub sijhawm dt, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog los ntawm tus nqi dp¯. Sab laug ntawm qhov sib npaug feem ntau hu ua lub zog ntawm lub cev. Nco ntsoov tias qhov ntau F¯ thiab dp¯ yog vectors nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, thiab cov vectors coj mus rau lawv tau qhia.tib yam.

Txhua tus tub kawm paub cov qauv rau lub sijhawm, nws tau sau raws li hauv qab no:

p¯=mv¯

Tus nqi p¯ characterizes lub kinetic zog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub cev (kev tshaj tawm v¯), uas nyob ntawm lub inertial zog ntawm lub cev (mass factor m).

Yog tias peb hloov qhov kev qhia no rau hauv cov qauv ntawm Newton txoj cai thib 2, peb tau txais qhov sib npaug hauv qab no:

F¯dt=mdv¯;

F¯=mdv¯ / dt;

F¯=ma¯, where a¯=dv¯ / dt.

Tus nqi nkag a¯ hu ua acceleration.

acceleration hauv physics yog dab tsi?

Rectilinear motion nrog acceleration
Rectilinear motion nrog acceleration

Tam sim no cia peb piav qhia tias tus nqi a¯ tau qhia hauv kab lus dhau los txhais li cas. Cia peb sau nws cov lus txhais ua lej dua:

a¯=dv¯ / dt

Siv cov qauv, ib tus tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim tias qhov no yog kev nrawm hauv physics. Lub cev kom muaj nuj nqis a¯ qhia tau hais tias qhov nrawm nrawm npaum li cas yuav hloov nrog lub sijhawm, uas yog, nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov ceev nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, raws li Newton txoj cai, yog tias lub zog ntawm 1 Newton ua rau lub cev hnyav 1 kilogram, ces nws yuav tau txais kev nrawm ntawm 1 m / s2, uas yog, rau Txhua thib ob ntawm kev txav lub cev yuav nce nws qhov nrawm ntawm 1 meter ib ob.

Acceleration and speed

acceleration hauv physics
acceleration hauv physics

Hauv physics, cov no yog ob qhov sib txawv uas sib cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib npaug kinematic ntawm kev txav. Ob qhov ntau yogvector, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv dav dav lawv tau qhia txawv. Acceleration yeej ib txwm coj raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub acting quab yuam. Qhov ceev yog qhia raws lub trajectory ntawm lub cev. Cov vectors ntawm acceleration thiab ceev yuav coincide nrog ib leeg tsuas yog thaum lub sab nraud quab yuam nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txiav txim coincides nrog lub zog ntawm lub cev.

Tsis zoo li qhov nrawm, qhov nrawm tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo. Qhov tseeb tom kawg txhais tau hais tias nws raug coj tawm tsam kev txav ntawm lub cev thiab nyiam txo nws txoj kev nrawm, uas yog, cov txheej txheem ntawm deceleration tshwm sim.

Cov mis loj uas hais txog cov qauv ntawm kev nrawm thiab nrawm zoo li qhov no:

v=v0+ at

Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib npaug ntawm rectilinear uniformly ceev zog ntawm lub cev. Nws qhia tau hais tias nyob rau lub sij hawm lub ceev nce linearly. Yog tias lub zog sib npaug qeeb, ces tus rho tawm yuav tsum muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub sij hawm at. Tus nqi v0no yog qee qhov pib nrawm.

Nrog kev ua kom nrawm nrawm (sib npaug qeeb), cov qauv kuj siv tau:

a¯=Δv¯ / Δt

Nws txawv ntawm qhov kev qhia zoo sib xws hauv daim ntawv sib txawv hauv qhov no qhov kev nrawm tau suav nrog lub sijhawm luv luv Δt. Qhov kev nrawm no hu ua qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub sijhawm teev tseg.

Kev thiab acceleration

Path graph (uniformly accelerated motion)
Path graph (uniformly accelerated motion)

Yog lub cev txav tsis sib xws thiab nyob hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim, ces txoj kev taug kev los ntawm lub sijhawm nws tuaj yeem suav tau raws li hauv qab no:

S=vt

Yog v ≠ const, ces thaum xam qhov kev ncua deb mus los ntawm lub cev, acceleration yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account. Cov qauv sib thooj yog:

S=v0 t + at2 / 2

Qhov kev sib npaug no piav qhia txog kev txav nrawm nrawm (rau cov lus tsa suab qeeb qeeb, lub cim "+" yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm "-" kos npe).

Lub voj voog ncig thiab nrawm

Kev txav ntawm lub cev hauv ib lub voj voog
Kev txav ntawm lub cev hauv ib lub voj voog

Nws tau hais saum toj no tias kev nrawm hauv physics yog vector kom muaj nuj nqis, uas yog, nws qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si hauv kev coj thiab tus nqi tiag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub rectilinear accelerated tsab ntawv tsa suab, cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub vector a¯ thiab nws modulus nyob twj ywm unchanged. Yog hais tias lub module pib hloov, ces xws li ib tug txav yuav tsis yog uniformly ceev, tab sis yuav nyob twj ywm rectilinear. Yog hais tias cov kev taw qhia ntawm vector a¯ pib hloov, ces cov lus tsa suab yuav ua curvilinear. Ib qho ntawm ntau hom kev txav no yog qhov txav ntawm cov khoom taw tes raws lub voj voog.

Ob tus qauv siv tau rau hom kev txav no:

α¯=dω¯ / dt;

ac=v2 / r

thawj qhov kev qhia yog lub angular acceleration. Nws lub cev lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm kev hloov ntawm lub angular tshaj tawm. Hauv lwm lo lus, α qhia tias lub cev nrawm nrawm npaum li cas los yog qeeb nws txoj kev sib hloov. Tus nqi α yog tangential acceleration, uas yog, nws yog qhia tangentially rau lub voj voog.

Cov lus thib ob piav qhia txog qhov centripetal acceleration ac. Yog hais tias lub linear rotation ceevtseem nyob tas li (v=const), ces lub module ac tsis hloov, tab sis nws cov kev taw qhia ib txwm hloov thiab nyhav coj lub cev mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog. Ntawm no r yog lub vojvoog ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm lub cev.

Teeb meem nrog lub cev poob qis

Dawb lub cev poob
Dawb lub cev poob

Peb pom tias qhov no yog kev nrawm hauv physics. Tam sim no cia peb qhia yuav ua li cas siv cov qauv saum toj no rau rectilinear motion.

Ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv physics nrog dawb lub caij nplooj zeeg acceleration. Qhov txiaj ntsig no sawv cev rau qhov nrawm uas lub zog gravitational ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb muab rau txhua lub cev uas muaj qhov loj kawg nkaus. Nyob rau hauv physics, lub caij nplooj zeeg dawb acceleration nyob ze ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog 9.81 m/s2.

xav tias ib txhia lub cev nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 20 meters. Ces nws thiaj tso nws tseg. Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas thiaj ncav cuag lub ntiaj teb?

Vim qhov pib ceev v0 yog sib npaug rau xoom, ces rau qhov kev ncua deb (qhov siab h) peb tuaj yeem sau qhov sib npaug:

h=gt2/ 2

Los ntawm qhov peb tau txais lub caij nplooj zeeg:

t=√(2h / g)

Hloov cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tus mob, peb pom tias lub cev yuav nyob hauv av hauv 2.02 vib nas this. Qhov tseeb tiag, lub sijhawm no yuav ntev me ntsis vim muaj huab cua tsis kam.

Pom zoo: