Lus Askiv yog ib hom lus tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb, suav tias yog haiv neeg los ntawm ntau dua 500 lab tus tib neeg, thiab tib tus lej hais nws ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Pib kawm lus Askiv, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, peb ntsib nrog mastering cov lus ntawm cov lus, nws cov qauv sau ntawv thiab, ntawm chav kawm, hais lus. Yuav ua li cas nyeem ib lo lus kom raug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws spelling txawv ntawm lub suab? Kev sau ntawv yuav pab koj nrog qhov no. Thiab dab tsi yog transcription, nws lub npe thiab txoj kev nyeem ntawv, koj yuav kawm los ntawm peb tsab xov xwm. Tom qab ua tib zoo kawm nws, koj tuaj yeem hais tau yooj yim txawm tias cov lus nyuaj tshaj plaws, nrog rau siv phau ntawv txhais lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv kawm uas nws tau siv dav.
Yog li ntawv sau tseg
Yog tias peb muab cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb, ces qhov no yog lub kaw lus rau kev sau cov cim thiab cov cai rau lawv ua ke, uastsim los sau cov lus kom raug ntawm ib lo lus. Ntawd yog, qhov tseeb, peb sau ib yam, tab sis hauv suab peb tau txais qee yam txawv kiag li. Tau kawm cov cim ntawm kev sau lus Askiv, nrog rau cov ntawv sau yooj yim ua ke, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim paub cov ntawv sau ua lus Askiv. Tseeb tiag, nyob rau hauv cov lus no, raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, cov lus feem ntau sau txawv txawv tshaj li lawv tau hais, thiab tej zaum nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los cim lawv kom raug nyeem ntawv kom tsis txhob yuam kev yav tom ntej.
Cov cim qhia thiab cov cai rau kev nyeem ntawv Askiv
Txhawm rau qhia qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus Askiv, cov ntawv xov tooj tau tsim, uas cov suab tau qhia los ntawm cov cim tshwj xeeb hauv xov tooj. Nco ntsoov, txawm hais tias muaj 26 tsab ntawv hauv lus Askiv, muaj ntau txog 44 lub suab hauv nws, yog li ntawd, rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws assimilation ntawm cov lus, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog zoo rau lawv. Feem ntau, kev sib kis ntawm kev hais lus muaj nyob rau hauv txhua hom lus, yog li ntawd, ntau yam cim tau siv tsis yog rau cov lus Askiv xwb, tab sis, piv txwv li, rau kev sau cov lus Lavxias. Qhov no yooj yim heev, vim hais tias cov kev cai yog tus qauv zoo, thiab ua tib zoo nco ntsoov lawv, koj tuaj yeem xa cov suab ntawm txhua hom lus. Paub tias qhov kev txhais lus yog dab tsi, cia peb pib kawm nws. Cov hauv qab no yog cov cai rau kev nyeem cov suab, ob-vowels thiab consonants.
Nyeem ntawv suab kom raug
i ː yog ib tug ntev, stressed vowel "thiab", piv txwv li: tshuaj yej, dej hiav txwv;
ɪ - luv thiab tsis ntxhov siab (tab sis qee zaum muaj kev ntxhov siab) suab ntawm Russian "i" thiab"s", piv txwv - me ntsis, lag luam; æ - hais tau meej thiab percussive suab, zoo ib yam li ib yam ntawm "a" thiab "e", piv txwv li: miv, nas;
ɑ ː - suab ntev thiab tob "a", piv txwv - lub tsheb, lub siab; ɔ
ː - kuj ntev thiab qhib "o" suab, nyeem cov lus txheeb, pawg thawj coj;ʊ
- luv heev "y" suab, piv txwv li: tso, ua tau; u ː - ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ntev, me ntsis softened suab "u", piv txwv li - ruam, khau;
ʌ
- suab los ze zog mus rau lub suab percussion "a", piv txwv li: up, ob peb; ɜ
ː - suab ntev me ntsis ntawm "e" thiab "o", nyeem - nws, tig; ə - luv, tsis tshua paub lub suab "a", hauv cov lus kom txog thaum, alias;
e -
me ntsis softened suab "e", Piv txwv li: txaj, taub hau; ɒ - ib lub suab zoo ib yam ntawm "o" thiab "a", hauv cov lus pob zeb, lub cev.
Rules for reading two-vowel sounds (diphthongs)
eɪ - softened "hey", piv txwv li: tais, ua;
aɪ - nyeem zoo li "ay", nyob rau hauv cov lus ntuj, yuav thiab hais txog;
ɔɪ - hais zoo li "oh", piv txwv li: kev xyiv fab, tub;
ɪ ə - tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm "ie" thiab " yy", piv txwv li: ntshai, ntawm no; eə
- suab "ea", qhov kawg "a" tsis ntxhov siab, hauv cov lus plaub hau, muaj thiab lwm yam;
ʊ ə - ntev "y" suab ntawm qhov kawgib tug indistinct "a" yog hnov, piv txwv li: ncig saib, pluag; a
ʊ- ib lub suab softened me ntsis "ay", nyob rau hauv cov lus trousers, teev;əʊ - kuj me ntsis "oh" nyiam tso dag, mus.
Nyeem consonants
p - lub suab meej, muaj zog "p", piv txwv - chaw nres tsheb, qhib;
b - kuj yog qhov tseeb "b", hauv cov txheej txheem, tso tseg;
t - lub suab "t" ", tab sis thaum hais nws, peb muab cov lus siab dua me ntsis thaum hais lub suab zoo xws li Lavxias teb sab, piv txwv li: lub cev, daim ntawv txais nyiaj;
d - meej "d", hauv qhov cov lus ntxiv, tshaj tawm;
k - suab "k", hauv cov lus xws li qaum, tsev kawm ntawv;
g - hais zoo ib yam li Lavxias "g", piv txwv li: kev tshav ntuj, pom zoo; tʃ - dua ib lub suab me ntsis "h", nyob rau hauv lo lus lub caij nyoog, ntes;
dʒ - lub suab muaj zog, percussive ntawm "h" thiab "zh", feem ntau hauv Lavxias nws kis tau raws li John, Jackson, piv txwv li: hav zoov, logic;
f - tib yam uas Lavxias "f", piv txwv li: ruam, txaus;
v - nyeem ib yam li "v", piv txwv li: suab, lub suab;
θ - lub suab uas nyuaj rau hais, sim tuav nws tus nplaig me ntsis ntawm cov hniav thiab hais "s" lossis "f", piv txwv li: ua tsaug, haiv neeg;
ð txoj cai hais lus zoo ib yam li lub suab dhau los, sim hais nrog lub suab "z" lossis "v", piv txwv li: muaj, qhov no; s - lub suab yuav luag zoo ib yam rau Lavxias "s", nyob rau hauv cov lus hnub hnub, sab hnub tuaj;
z - cov lus nyob ze rau Lavxias "z", piv txwv li: zebra, tawm haujlwm;
ʃ
- kuj ze rauLavxias "sh", tsuas yog me ntsis softer, hauv cov lus ci, ua haujlwm; ʒ - tsuas yog lub suab mos "zh", piv txwv li: pom, ib txwm muaj; h - suab "x", NW nyuam qhuav hnov ntawm lub exhale, piv txwv li: taub hau, toj;
m - tsuas yog lub suab "m", piv txwv li: niam, nas;
n - hais yuav luag tib yam li Lavxias " n", tsuas yog cov lus tsa siab me ntsis rau saum ntuj, hauv cov lus ceeb toom, kev paub;
ŋ - lub suab "n", qhia meej meej "ntawm lub qhov ntswg", piv txwv li hu nkauj, nyeem ntawv l - zoo ib yam li Lavxias "l", tab sis tsis yog mos lossis tawv, tab sis, qee yam hauv nruab nrab, piv txwv li: luag, raug cai;
r - lub suab ntawm meju "r" thiab "l" Ntxiv mus, softened, nyob rau hauv cov lus random, txiav txim;j - lub suab ze heev rau Lavxias teb sab "y", piv txwv li: tsis tau, koj;
w - lub suab luv luv pronounced nruab nrab ntawm "y" thiab "v", hauv cov lus dab tsi, qhov twg, ib qho.
Cov no yog cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib kis ntawm kev hais lus Askiv. Ua tib zoo kawm lawv thiab twb paub tias cov ntawv sau yog dab tsi, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov lus Askiv yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntau.
