Dab tsi yuav zoo dua lub sijhawm kawm ntawv? Txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam teeb meem yuav tsum tau ntsib. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws uas txhua tus uas txiav txim siab kawm tiav qib 11 yuav tsum tau kov yeej yog kev sib koom ua ke hauv xeev.
Xyaum hauv txhua lub tsev kawm qib siab thiab hauv txhua qhov chaw koj yuav tsum tau kawm ib qho kev kawm hu ua social science. Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev xeem yog cov ntawv sau. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej sau ntawv, koj yuav tsum tau kos ib txoj kev npaj rau kev sau ntawv ntawm kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo thiab ua raws nws nruj me ntsis raws li cov ntsiab lus. Qhov no yog tib txoj kev los sau ib tsab ntawv zoo nkauj. Ib txoj kev npaj sau ntawv hauv social science, nrog rau lwm yam kev kawm, yuav tsum muaj peb qhov tseem ceeb: kev taw qhia, qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov xaus. Peb yuav nyob ntawm txhua qhov kev nthuav dav.
Vim li cas koj thiaj yuav tsum tau sau ntawv?
Txhua txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim yuam kom peb qhia peb cov kev xav tsis tu ncua, raug thiab muaj laj thawj. Qhov no yuav twv yuav raug hu ua ke hauv lub neej. Txawm hais tias koj tsuas yog muaj kev sib tham nrog tus phooj ywg, ces kev hais lus muaj peev xwm, tsis suav nrog jargon thiab lwm yam "khoom khib nyiab" ntawm Lavxias, yuav tsim nyog ntawm no.
Tseem sau ntawvCov ntawv sau qhia peb paub lub tswv yim tseem ceeb uas lawv xav qhia rau peb, txheeb xyuas, qhia lawv tus kheej lub tswv yim txog qhov teeb meem.
Yog tias peb tham txog kev xeem, ua ntej sau ntawv, koj yuav tsum tsim cov phiaj xwm ntxaws rau kev sau ntawv rau kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo. Qhov no yuav pab koj kom tsis txhob poob ntawm koj tus kheej txoj kev xav, tsis txhob txav deb ntawm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb. Qee tus neeg nyiam sau cov ntawv sau ntau heev, nws txaus rau lawv los ua ib txoj kev npaj rau kev sau ntawv ntawm kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo hauv lawv lub taub hau. Rau qhov so, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov ntawv sau kom lub phiaj xwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj.
Introduction and Conclusion yog luv luv uas hais txog peb mus rau plaub kab lus txhua. Txhua qhov chaw raug cais los ntawm kab lus. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sau nyob rau hauv ib tug tas mus li canvas, nws yog heev nyuaj rau cov neeg nyeem pom. Rau xws li "daim ntawv" koj yuav tsis tau txais ntau cov ntsiab lus.
USE in social studies
Qhov kev xeem ntawm kev xeem kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo yog qhov yooj yim heev. Koj yuav tsum teb cov lus nug xeem, lawv txhua tus muaj 4 cov lus teb tau. Qhov thib ob yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis. Ntawm no lawv muab ntxiv cov lus uas ploj lawm, ua kom tiav lub rooj lossis txuas cov khoom sib xws.
Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog S. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum xaiv cov lus qhia (hais lus) ntawm tus neeg nto moo los ntawm ntau txoj kev xaiv. Tom ntej no - sau ib tsab ntawv-xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm nqe lus. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm thiab tau txais cov qhab nia zoo, koj yuav tsum tau kos ib txoj kev npaj rau kev sau ntawv hauv kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo. Qhov kev xeem tau yooj yim dhau, yog tias koj npaj me ntsis rau nws.
Tsim nyog tseem ceebtsawg kawg ib teev ib hnub twg rau kev kawm tus kheej lossis ntiav tus kws qhia lossis mus koom cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov muaj tswv yim. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib txoj kev npaj rau kev sau ntawv ntawm kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo (USE) txhawm rau siv nws rau txhua yam ntsiab lus. Nov yog qhov peb xav kom koj ua tam sim no. Peb yuav qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv koj tsab ntawv, peb yuav muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov no yuav ua rau koj txoj haujlwm yooj yim heev thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas hauv lub xeev.
Plan
Txoj kev npaj ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo yog xyaum tsis txawv ntawm qhov ntawd rau lwm yam haujlwm muaj tswv yim. Tam sim no peb yuav muab cov phiaj xwm ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov ntawv sau, piav qhia kom ntxaws txog yam uas yuav tsum tau suav nrog hauv txhua ntu. Yog li, txoj kev npaj sau ntawv social science zoo li no:
- Intro. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tam sim ntawd tias tsis muaj kev txwv nruj rau txoj haujlwm no. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub ntsiab lus tau nthuav tawm. Koj yuav tsum tau ua kom pom koj txoj kev paub txog kev xav thiab lees paub nws nrog qhov tseeb ntawm keeb kwm, ntawv nyeem lossis lub neej. Nkag mus yog xaiv tau, tab sis txhawb nqa. Ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm tsis tuaj yeem xav txog ib qho kev sau ntawv yam tsis muaj lus piav qhia. Yog tias nws nyuaj rau koj pib sau ntawv tam sim ntawd nrog kev xav, ua cov lus qhia luv luv (2-3 kab lus). Ntawm no qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem txhais tau meej. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov nkag, cov ntsiab lus tsis raug txo rau qhov no.
- Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nqe lus. Qhov me me no tsis muaj ntau tshaj tsib kab lus. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los hais nqe lus tag nrho. Ib tug siv rautus sau, thiab tom qab ntawd - txhais hauv lawv cov lus. Ntawm no, ntau tus siv clichés, piv txwv li: "Hauv nqe lus ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Feuerbach, qhov tshwm sim (txheej txheem lossis teeb meem) raug txiav txim siab (lossis piav qhia) … " lossis "Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nqe lus … nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias …” Hauv cov piv txwv koj yuav pom kev siv cov ntawv no kom raug.
- Theory. Hauv seem no, koj yuav tsum sau seb koj puas pom zoo nrog qhov kev xav ntawm tus sau los yog tsis. Feem ntau, cov tub ntxhais kawm lees paub qhov kev xav thiab tsuas yog rov sau cov lus qhia siv cov lus tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li hauv tshooj no, koj tuaj yeem muab piv txwv los txhawb koj qhov kev xav.
- Facts. Nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab lus dav dav, koj yuav tsum tau muab cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb ("raws li peb paub los ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm chemistry …", "raws li tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo hais tias …" thiab cov ntawv zoo sib xws).
- Thaum kaw, peb yuav tsum sau cov lus uas peb tau hais los txog tam sim no. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv feem ntau siv daim foos no: “Yog li, cov piv txwv tau tso cai rau peb lees paub tias …” Hloov tsis yog ellipsis, koj yuav tsum tau ntxig ib lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov nqe lus.
Intro
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo (kev npaj, cliche peb twb tau muab lawm) yuav tsum luv, tab sis xav txog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb. Hauv seem no, peb yuav muab cov piv txwv ntawm qhov ua tau qhia rau koj.
- "Feuerbach yog tus kws tshawb fawb German nto moo uas tau sib cav tias txoj kev xav thiab kev coj ua muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab ua kom sib npaug."
- "Cov lus zoo tshaj plaws rau kuv yog cov lus ntawm Asmeskas kws sau ntawv L. Peter, uas tau hais txog lub hom phiaj siab ntawm kev lag luamkab lis kev cai".
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nqe lus
Ntxiv mus, txoj kev npaj ntawm tsab ntawv (essay) ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo qhia ob peb lo lus hais txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm nqe lus uas peb tau xaiv. Yuav ua li cas, cia peb saib cov piv txwv:
- "Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nqe lus yooj yim heev - koj yuav tsum tau txuag thiab faib cov peev txheej kom zoo, uas yuav pab kom tsis txhob tshaib plab thoob ntiaj teb."
- "Tau qhov teeb meem no, tus sau hais tias cov tub ntxhais hluas nkag siab me ntsis hauv lub neej neeg laus. Lawv zoo li yog neeg txawv teb chaws uas tsis paub txog kev lis kev cai thiab kev ua neej ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws no."
Theory
Cia peb saib ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo. Tom ntej no, peb yuav tsum ua kom pom peb qhov kev paub theoretical uas tau txais hauv kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:
- "Txoj kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm txhua tus neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tag nrho lub zej zog. Lub zej zog yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog cais, tab sis txuas nrog ntiaj teb pawg. Yog tias ib tug neeg sawv cev rau nws tus cwj pwm, thiab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv zej zog, ces kev tswj hwm kev sib raug zoo raug txuas …"
- "Kuv lub tswv yim yog qhov no: Kuv pom zoo nrog txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus sau. Tseeb tiag, kev cai lij choj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub neej. Lawv pab thiab tiv thaiv kev phem, kev ua tsis ncaj ncees…"
Facts
Yuav ua li cas sau ib tsab ntawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo, peb yuav luag pom, nws tseem yuav nkag siab tias cov piv txwv twg tuaj yeem muab tau rau hauv kab lus tom ntej. Qhov tseebtej zaum yuav yog hom no:
- Literary. Piv txwv li: "Kuv xav muab piv txwv los ntawm phau ntawv "Rich and Poor Dad", uas tus sau R. Kiyosaki hais tias kev ywj pheej nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb heev …"
- Los ntawm kev kawm, kev tshawb fawb, xov xwm thiab lwm yam. "Raws li kev sib cav, ib tus tuaj yeem hais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm chemistry. Cov neeg tau txais kev paub li cas txog qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim? Tau kawg, los ntawm kev paub…”
Zoo kawg
Nqe kawg muaj 1-2 kab lus, piv txwv li:
- "Kuv pom zoo nrog cov lus, vim tsuas yog … tuaj yeem ua rau…"
- "Yog li, tus kws tshawb fawb … tau qhia txog lub tswv yim ntse heev … uas yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas thiab xav txog."
