Raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Lower thiab Upper los ntawm 3000 BC. e. lub xeev qub tau tsim. Raws li kev suav ntawm cov pov thawj Manetho, muaj peb caug dynasties. Lub xeev tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Kev kos duab ntawm Egypt thaum ub tau tshwj xeeb yog kev txhim kho. Cia wb los piav me ntsis txog nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
kos duab ntawm Ancient Egypt qhia nws cov tswv yim li cas? Hauv ntej, nws lub hom phiaj yog los pab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kev ntseeg uas twb muaj lawm. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no siv rau lub xeev thiab lub ntees tuag cult ntawm vaj ntxwv. Nws daim duab twb deified. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm cov duab kos ntawm Ancient Egypt uas tau nqis los rau niaj hnub no. Feem ntau, cov tswv yim tau hais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nruj canonical. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kos duab tau ntsib kev hloov pauv uas tau cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev nom kev tswv lub neej ntawm lub xeev.
Key Development Results
Nyob hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub, muaj ntau yam kev tsim vaj tsev thiab cov qauv tsim. Cov no suav nrog, tshwj xeeb,cov khoom xws li kem, obelisk, pyramid. Hom tshiab ntawm kev kos duab kos duab tau tshwm sim. Kev nyem tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev. Lub monumental painting ntawm Ancient Egypt kuj yog heev nthuav. Cov tuam tsev kos duab hauv zos tau tsim.
Lub sijhawm no, ntau tus neeg muaj tswv yim tau tshwm sim. Ancient Egyptian artists nkag siab thiab siv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov yas kos duab rau hauv ib qho system. Tshwj xeeb, kev txhawb nqa thiab qab nthab, huab hwm coj thiab ntim tau tshwm sim hauv architecture.
Phab ntsa paintings ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws suav nrog silhouette, kab, dav hlau, xim xim. Muaj qee qhov kev sib dhos hauv cov duab. Cov textures ntawm ntoo thiab pob zeb tau pib siv rau hauv cov duab puab. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas dhau sij hawm ib daim ntawv canonized tau tsim, raws li tus tib neeg daim duab tau piav qhia saum lub dav hlau. Nws tau tshwm sim hauv profile (sab ceg, caj npab thiab ntsej muag) thiab pem hauv ntej (lub xub pwg nyom thiab ob lub qhov muag) tib lub sijhawm.
Cov lus qhia
Lub ntsiab canons nyob rau hauv kos duab ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws pib zoo nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm 3000-2800 BC. e. Lub architecture ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau txais lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws tau zoo sib xws nrog lub neej tom qab. Lub architecture tau dominated los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm static thiab monumentality. Lawv embodied lub tswv yim ntawm superhuman greatness ntawm Egyptian Pharaoh thiab inviolability ntawm lub social order. Cov canons no muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lwm cov kab lis kev cai ib yam nkaus. Tshwj xeeb, cov duab thiab duab puab ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws tau txawv los ntawm static thiab symmetry, geometric generalization,nruj frontality.
theem tom ntej ntawm kev txhim kho
Los ntawm 2800 txog 2250 BC e. yav tas los tsim artistic cov tswv yim pib kom tau stylistic tiav. Ib tug tshiab architectural daim ntawv ntawm tus Pharaoh lub ntxa tau tsim. Geometric simplicity ntawm lub pyramid tau siv. Nws cov ntaub ntawv, ua ke nrog nws loj loj, tsim ib tug architectural duab tag nrho ntawm superhuman, aloof grandeur. Lub ceremonial orderliness thiab hierarchy ntawm Egyptian haiv neeg yog reflected nyob rau hauv cov nruj kab ntawm mastaba-zoo li tus tombs, pam tuag tuam tsev, txuas mus rau lub nkag pavilions los npog ntev txoj kev hauv tsev, nyob rau hauv lub majestic daim duab ntawm lub sphinx. Daim duab ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa qhia txog lub neej vam meej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov neeg tuag. Cov duab kos duab qhia kev nkag siab ntawm kev sib dhos, kev soj ntsuam zoo, tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, kev zoo nkauj ntawm silhouette, kab contour thiab xim chaw.
Nws ntog rau lub sijhawm ntawm lub Nceeg Vaj Tshiab. Ua tsaug rau cov phiaj xwm ua tiav hauv Asia, lub neej ntawm cov nom tswv tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb. Thiab yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub Middle Kingdom ua yeeb yam dluab prevailed, tam sim no refined aristocratic cov ntaub ntawv pib siv. Architectural tiam sis ntawm yav dhau los era kuj tau tsim. Yog li ntawd, lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv Deir el-Bahri (Queen Hatshepsut) yog ib tug tag nrho complex deployed nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Nws yog ib nrab carved rau hauv cov pob zeb. Protodoric kab thiab cornices, nrog lawv cov kab nruj thiab tsim nyog kev txiav txim, sib piv nrog cov chaotic crevices nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb. Painting thiab duab puabAncient Egypt ua zoo dua. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov duab mos mos, cov duab kos duab, cov duab kos duab. Kev ua pob zeb tau dhau los ua nyias. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog qhov tob tob siv kev ua si ntawm chiaroscuro. Cov duab kos ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws tau txais kev ywj pheej ntawm cov ces kaum thiab kev txav mus los, elegance ntawm cov yeeb yuj ua ke. Toj roob hauv pes pib tshwm hauv cov duab. Cov tuam tsev saum toj no tau siv lub tshav dav hlau dav dav, ib qho kev zoo siab nrog cov papyrus lossis lotus-shaped kem ua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Drawings ntawm Ancient Egypt
Cov duab qhia txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub Nceeg Vaj, kos duab ntawm cov vajtswv ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws tau tshwm sim. Cov ntsiab lus kev cai dab qhuas tau taug qab hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm kab lis kev cai. Drawings ntawm cov vajtswv ntawm Ancient Egypt adorned sarcophagi, tombs, tuam tsev. Cov neeg nyob hauv lub Nceeg Vaj ntseeg hais tias kev muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb tsuas yog ib theem ua ntej kev tuag, ua raws li txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis. Daim duab ntawm Ancient Egypt yuav tsum tau qhuas tus tuag. Cov duab suav nrog motifs ntawm kev txav tus neeg tuag mus rau lub nceeg vaj tuag (lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Osiris). Lawv kuj piav txog tib neeg lub neej hauv ntiaj teb no thiab. Yog li ntawd, nws thiaj ua tau ib yam nkaus hauv cov neeg tuag ib yam li hauv ntiajteb no.
Statues
Cov duab puab tau pom qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb. Raws li kev xav ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov mlom yog cov ntxaib ntawm cov neeg tuag. Sculptures tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg tuag. Cov mlom tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Piv txwv li, piav qhiaib tug neeg taug kev nrog ib txhais ceg rau pem hauv ntej los yog zaum cross-legged. Portrait pej thuam, solemnly zoo li qub, yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb thiab meej ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nrog rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus neeg raug teeb tsa. Tib lub sijhawm, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, quav hauv khaub ncaws, kaus mom thiab wigs tau ua tib zoo tsim.
Txoj kev ua tau zoo
Rau yuav luag plaub centuries, daim duab ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws raug rau cov canons nruj. Lawv tau tshwm sim tsis tsuas yog los ntawm kev tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej technology, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov kev lis kev cai uas twb muaj lawm. Cov kws kos duab tau ua yuam kev hauv qhov kev xav. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, dluab ancient yog zoo li ib daim ntawv qhia ntawm cheeb tsam. Tib lub sijhawm, cov duab hauv keeb kwm yav dhau tau nthuav dav heev.
Cov neeg Iyiv siv cov hmoov tshauv, roj av dub, dawb limestone, hlau ore (daj lossis liab) los siv cov qauv rau saum npoo. Lawv kuj muaj xim xiav thiab ntsuab. Lawv tau txais los ntawm kev siv tooj liab ore. Cov neeg Iyiv muab cov xim pleev xim rau cov kua nplaum, ces muab faib ua tej daim. Muab lawv nrog dej, lawv pleev xim rau. Txhawm rau khaws cov duab, nws tau npog nrog cov kua roj vanish lossis cob rau saum. Lub painting ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws tau txawv los ntawm nws qhov ci ntsa iab thiab ci ntsa iab. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ntau cov duab kos hauv palaces, tuam tsev, tombs.
In xaus
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias, txawm tias muaj ntau yam xim rau lub sijhawm ntawd, kev hloov ntawm cov duab ntxoov ntxoo, ntxoov ntxoo thiab lub teeb yog qhov zoo heev. Ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov duab kos ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tsis muaj qhov tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qee qhov tsis raug thiab tsis raug, cov duab muaj lub ntsiab lus tob. Lawv qhov tseem ceeb tau lees paub txoj haujlwm uas ib tus neeg nyob hauv daim duab.
