Styrene-butadiene roj hmab yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv siv tshaj plaws rau cov ntaub ntawv polymeric. Nws yog tsim los ua cov log tsheb thiab lwm yam khoom siv roj hmab nrog cov khoom zoo.
Cov khoom siv npe hu ua polymeric yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv pheej yig, thiab nws cov cuab yeej tsim khoom yog suav tias yog tus nqi pheej yig, nrog rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm styrene-butadiene roj hmab muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv tshuaj lom neeg. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv loj ntim thiab nthuav tawm los ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus nyob rau hauv ntau yam.
Raw khoom rau kev tsim
Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm kev tsim cov roj hmab styrene-butadiene. Raws li cov khoom noj rau cov khoom siv polymeric, butadiene-1, 3 lossis alpha-methylstyrene raug xaiv. Tau styrene-butadiene roj hmab los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis lossis emulsion copolymerization. Hauv txoj kev thib ob, styrene-butadiene kua roj hmab yog tsim.
YEmulsion polymerization
styrene butadiene roj hmab ua li cas? Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj xws li copolymerization ntawm styrene thiabbutadiene nyob rau hauv emulsion. Cov khoom kawg uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam no hu ua styrene-butadiene roj hmab (SBR).
Tam sim no, kev lag luam roj hmab hauv tsev tau tsim ntau yam khoom siv polymer raws li cov tshuaj no.
styrene butadiene roj hmab cais li cas? Cov neeg tsim khoom muaj cov kev xaiv hauv qab no:
- roj hmab uas tsis muaj roj (SKS-ZOARK);
- khoom siv nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov roj (SKM-ZOLRKM-15);
- nrog cov roj ntau ntxiv (SKS-ZODRKM-27);
- nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo heev dielectric (SKS-ZOARPD).
npe tshwj xeeb
Thawj tus lej hauv cov npe saum toj no qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntau ntawm styrene hauv thawj tus nqi xaiv rau txheej txheem polymerization:
- "A" suav nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias polymerization (tsis ntau tshaj +5 degrees).
- "M" qhia tias nws muaj roj, tsis yog styrene xwb.
- Styrene-butadiene roj hmab nrog tsab ntawv "P" qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization yam tsis muaj tus tswj hwm.
- "K" qhia txog kev siv rosin emulsifier hauv kev tsim cov roj hmab.
- Tsab ntawv "P" cim cov khoom tau txais nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov ntsev ntawm fatty, hluavtaws acids, uas yog cov khoom ntawm ib nrab oxidation ntawm saturated paraffins.
Dab tsi yog yam ntxwv ntawm styrene butadiene roj hmab? Nws qhov kev npaj yog raws li txheej txheem polymerization,uas paub txawm tias cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab.
Yog li, rau kev tsim cov roj hmab ib leeg hauv kev lag luam, cov roj hmab uas muaj styrene-butadiene yog siv, cov qauv uas tsis txawv ntawm qhov niaj hnub diene hydrocarbon. Cov roj hmab uas tsim los ntawm styrene-butadiene resin muaj zog tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo li tawv.
Ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm emulsion polymerization ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb. Dab tsi characterizes no styrene butadiene roj hmab? Kev txais nws yog nqa tawm raws li kev paub tseeb thiab pov thawj technology. Lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj yog 12-15 teev. Tom qab polymerization tiav lawm, ib tug latex yog tsim, uas muaj kwv yees li 30-35 feem pua ntawm cov khoom polymer. Neon D. yog ntxiv rau latex ua antioxidant
Los ntawm latex, roj hmab yog tsim los ntawm coagulation ntawm electrolytes uas muaj sulfuric acid. Muab hais tias rosin roj thiab xab npum raws li hluavtaws fatty acids ua raws li emulsifiers, ntxiv rau coagulation, kev tsim cov fatty acids kuj tau pom, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov yam ntxwv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Ua tsaug rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm sulfuric acid, cov xab npum tau hloov mus rau hauv cov organic acids dawb, coagulation ntawm cov latex tiav thiab cov roj hmab styrene-butadiene tsim. Kev siv cov khoom tiav yog multifaceted, nyob ntawm seb hom ntau lawm. Yeej yog roj hmabCov khoom siv raw hauv kev lag luam chemical.
qauv roj hmab
Tus qauv ntawm styrene butadiene roj hmab yog dab tsi? Cov khoom ntawm lub cev ntawm ib yam khoom raug txiav txim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov qauv. Thaum tau txais cov polymer los ntawm ozonation, ib qho polymer ntawm cov qauv tsis raug tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov roj hmab, cov chav nyob monomeric yog randomly faib, cov molecule muaj ib tug branched daim ntawv.
Yuav luag 80 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov units yog trans, thiab tsuas yog 20 feem pua yog cis.
Ntse
Cia peb tsom xam styrene butadiene roj hmab. Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom no yog txuam nrog nws qhov hnyav molecular. Qhov nruab nrab, nws yog 150,000-400,000. Thiab cov thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov roj hmab roj hmab muaj kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov txheeb ze molecular hnyav. Qhov kev xaiv no tso cai rau koj tshem tawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov roj ntawm cov roj hmab zoo, kom muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov roj hmab rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Nws tuaj yeem tau txais styrene-butadiene roj hmab los ntawm ethylene los ntawm kev ua cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis siv cov activators, emulsifiers, regulators, nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj, ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam dhau mus rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov roj hmab uas tshwm sim.
Qhov txawv ntawm
Cia peb tus cwj pwm styrene-butadiene roj hmab. Cov mis ntawm cov khoom no qhia tau hais tias nws yog resistant rau mechanical deformation, hnyav hnyav hnyav. Ua kom Frost tsis kam thiab elasticityroj hmab txo tus nqi ntawm styrene hauv thawj qhov sib tov. Qhov tshwm sim polymer yaj hauv cov roj av thiab cov kuab tshuaj tsw qab.
Dab tsi ntxiv ua rau styrene butadiene roj hmab sawv tawm? Cov khoom thiab kev sib raug zoo rau cov concentrated acids, ketones, cawv yog ruaj khov, ntxiv rau, cov polymer muaj cov roj zoo thiab dej permeability. Thaum lub sij hawm cua sov ntawm cov roj hmab, cov kev hloov pauv loj tau pom, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub cev thiab lub zog ntawm cov roj hmab uas tshwm sim.
Thermal oxidation ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 125 ° C ua rau txo qis tawv thiab kev puas tsuaj. Tom qab oxidation implies ib tug loj structuring ntawm lub polymer, cuam tshuam qhov nce nyob rau hauv nws rigidity.
Daim ntawv thov nta
Styrene-butadiene roj hmab yog siv los tsim cov roj hmab sib xyaw. Cov khoom, daim ntawv thov ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm diene hydrocarbons tag nrho sib haum mus rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov qauv qauv.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pab pawg phenyl cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog rau lwm yam ntawm cov polymers.
Roj hmab tebchaw, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov roj hmab styrene-butadiene, muaj cov nplaum uas tsis muaj zog, nce shrinkage thaum lub sij hawm calendering thiab extrusion. Qhov no cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev siv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, nrog rau lub sijhawm gluing (kev sib dhos) ntawm cov roj hmab blanks.
Cov roj hmab kub qis tau txhim kho cov cuab yeej technology, lawv hu ua"kub" rubbers.
Ntau yam roj hmab
Soft styrene-butadiene low-temperature rubbers muaj viscosity tsawg, yog li lawv tsis yog plasticized.
Cov roj hmab tsis zoo yog tsim los ntawm me me, ua rau lawv mus rau thermo-oxidative plasticization hauv huab cua ntawm qhov kub ntawm li 1400 ° C siv cov txheej txheem degradation activators.
Unfilled vulcanizers muaj lub zog tensile tsawg. Nrog rau qhov txo qis ntawm cov styrene nyob rau hauv cov polymer compound, kuj thiab abrasion kuj txo, Frost kuj nce, thiab elasticity nce.
Dub-filled (nrog cov pa roj carbon dub) styrene-butadiene roj hmab vulcanizers muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua kom sov thiab hnav tsis kam, tab sis rau qee qhov lawv muaj qis dua elasticity thiab deformation tsis kam rau cov pa roj hmab. Siv vulcanizers muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv rau cov concentrated thiab dilute acids, cawv, alkalis, ethers. Lawv o hauv cov kuab tshuaj roj hmab.
Txhua tus tau txais cov polymers yog siv los tsim cov log tsheb, tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom tsis yog pwm thiab pwm. Piv txwv li, styrene-butadiene roj hmab yog siv los ua conveyor siv rau kev txiav ntoo, thiab cov khau roj hmab yog tsim. Vim muaj hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, tag nrho cov roj hmab no yog siv los tsim cov roj hmab uas muaj kev pom zoo rau gamma hluav taws xob.
Rau cov khoom lag luam nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo tiv thaiv kab mob, cov khoom siv raw siv, hauvuas muaj yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm styrene.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj polymerization styrene butadiene rubbers
Hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev, kev tsim cov styrene-butadiene roj hmab ntawm cov tshuaj polymerization nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm styrene tau pib:
- DSSK-10.
- DSSK-25.
- DSSK-18.
- DSSK-50.
- DSSK-25D (muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua dielectric).
Tseem muaj roj hmab muag, uas suav nrog cov tshuaj tsw qab styrene microblocks, npaj rau kev ua haujlwm casting.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov roj ua kua roj polymerization roj hmab uas muaj txog li 27% roj. Ua tsaug rau kev daws teeb meem polymerization, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm organolithium catalysts, lub ntsiab tsis ntawm cov qauv molecular yog kho:
- saw ceg;
- molecular hnyav;
- macrostructures.
Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov roj hmab no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov polymer nws tus kheej (txog 98%), qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm impurities. Polymers muaj cov qauv linear piv rau styrene-butadiene emulsion rubbers.
Cov ntaub ntawv polymer uas tau txais muaj ntau dua ductility, hnav tsis kam, Frost tsis kam, thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv tawg. Peb kuj tseem nco ntsoov qhov siab dynamic endurance ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Nrog tsawg shrinkage, lawv muaj ntau dua Mooney viscosity, txij li thaum macromolecules muaj ib tug linear qauv, muaj peev xwm sau nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb.soot (carbon dub) thiab roj yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv cov khoom siv thiab lub cev ntawm vulcanizers.
Muaj qee qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov kua roj hmab hauv kev sib piv nrog cov kev xaiv emulsion, tab sis muaj ntau qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev coj dawb huv ntawm cov monomers siv. Cov tshuaj polymerization rubbers yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam log tsheb los tsim cov khoom siv ruaj khov, cov khau khau, lub tes tsho roj hmab, thiab ntau yam roj hmab. Styrene thiab buadiene-1, 3 raug suav hais tias yog thawj cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv polymeric ntawm hom no.
Hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no, tsis yog siv cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim cov roj hmab uas tsis muaj roj, tab sis kuj tseem tsim cov khoom siv polymers, uas muaj cov resins, carbon dub, thiab roj, tau tsim. Ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv polymeric tsim, styrene-butadiene roj hmab tso nyiaj rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov peev txheej tsim.
Yog vim li cas rau qhov ntsuas no yog qhov sib xws ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tsim, muaj cov pib monomers (styrene thiab butadiene), nrog rau cov kab ntau lawm.
Ib qho loj ntawm styrene-butadiene roj hmab hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no tau txais los ntawm emulsion copolymerization ntawm styrene thiab butadiene.
Kev faib cov roj hmab los ntawm cov qauv
Muab rau hauv tus account cov xwm txheej ntawm polymerization thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv, kev tsim cov styrene-butadiene rubbers, uas txawv hauvkhoom thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Kev txheeb cais, tsis tu ncua ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov styrene thiab butadiene hauv macromolecule tau tso cai.
Nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias, qhov txo qis hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov qis molecular qhov hnyav feem ntawm cov roj hmab tsim tau pom. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov txo qis hauv cov qauv kev sib txuas, kev nce hauv cov qauv ntawm cov polymer, uas cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm domestic zus tau tej cov ntaub ntawv hluavtaws, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog kev tsim cov khoom ntawm styrene-butadiene los ntawm radical polymerization. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no thiab ntawm tus nqi pheej yig yog tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Tolyatti, Sterlitamak, Voronezh.
Technology nta
Yog xav tau, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom siv polymer nrog qee qhov ntsuas. Piv txwv li, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab qhov hnyav molecular, uas yog tswj tau thaum lub sij hawm polymerization los ntawm kev qhia cov regulators muaj peev xwm hloov cov saw hlau. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntau ntawm cov tswj hwm nce, qhov txo qis hauv qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov polymer tau pom.
Dab tsi tuaj yeem suav tias yog emulsifiers tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov emulsions ruaj khov ntawm monomers, nrog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv polymerization kawg, latexes? Potassium los yog sodium ntsev ntawm fatty synthetic carboxylic acids, hydrogenated rosin, nrog rau cov ntsev ntawm alkylsulfonates raug suav hais tias yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb.
Thaum xaiv rosin, nws yuav tsum ua ntejraug kev kho mob tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm disproportionation nrog ib tug catalyst (palladium), nws tau txais cov khoom tsim nyog rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov roj hmab ntau lawm.
Production specifications
Txhawm rau ua cov copolymerization, siv lub roj teeb ntawm polymerizers. Thaum npaj cov sib tov, purified thiab pre-qhuav styrene, butadiene, hnyav (nws yuav yog cyclohexane) yog tov nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 5/1. Tom ntej no, cov khoom ntawm tus nqi qub yog pub rau hauv lub diaphragm tov khoom rau kev sib tov zoo. Tom qab ntawd cov sib tov yog xa mus rau tshuaj zoo purification los ntawm ntau yam me me impurities.
Cov khoom siv yog pub nrog cov organolithium tebchaw, titrated ntawm 25 ° C rau 20 feeb. Lub degree ntawm purification yog txiav txim los ntawm cov xim ntawm tus nqi. Yog tias tsis muaj impurities, qhov sib tov muaj xim av me ntsis. Ua ntej polymerization, qhov sib tov yog tov nrog ib tug catalyst, polar additives.
Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm hauv lub roj teeb, uas muaj peb yam khoom siv, los ntawm kev muab cov nqi txuas ntxiv. Qhov kub hauv cov polymerizers yog khaws cia hauv thaj tsam ntawm 50 txog 80 ° C. Lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tshuaj yog 6 teev.
Zoo kawg
Hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg raws sijhawm, muaj cov khoom siv raws li cov roj hmab styrene-butadiene. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, peb nco ntsoov cov creation ntawm cov roj hmab soles rau khau, tsheb roj hmab log tsheb, ntau watering hoses.
Txheeb cais copolymer ntawm styrene thiabbutadiene yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob insulating, ntau yam khoom siv rau kev lag luam tsheb, nrog rau kev tsim cov log tsheb zoo. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab niaj hnub niaj hnub ntawm styrene-butadiene rubbers tso cai rau lawv los tsim cov khoom lag luam nrog cov ntsuas lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov yam ntxwv uas xav tau.
Ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kev tsim khoom no, peb nco ntsoov siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Nyob ntawm seb cov qauv ntawm cov roj hmab hluavtaws, lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov kev tsim, nrog rau cov nqi kawg ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab tsim los ntawm cov roj hmab, txawv qhov sib txawv.
