Lub transformer yog tsim los hloov alternating voltage, thiab kuj yog siv rau lub hom phiaj ntawm galvanic cais. Cov cuab yeej siv hauv xov tooj cua engineering, hluav taws xob kev lag luam thiab hluav taws xob. Sawv cev ib los yog ntau daim kab xev los yog hlau windings, uas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ib tug sib nqus teb. Lawv raug mob ntawm ib tug me me, uas kuj yog ib tug hlau nplaum.
Leej twg tsim lub transformer?
Hauv xyoo 1848, tus neeg Fab Kis Fab Kis G. Ruhmkorf tuaj nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm tus qauv tsim tshwj xeeb. Qhov no invention yog tus qauv ntawm lub niaj hnub transformer. Tus kws kho tsheb tau txais kev hloov pauv siab voltage los ntawm kev siv lub kauj no. Yuav tsum muaj qee yam tig tam sim no ncaj qha mus rau qhov hloov pauv tam sim no. Raws li qhov no, Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff tau siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb uas hloov pauv nrog cov kauj.
Thaum ib qho luv luv tshwm sim, qhov hluav taws xob tau nce rau hauv qhov thib ob winding. Nws tshaj qhov voltage nyob rau hauv thawj qhov ntau npaum li tus naj npawb ntawm lem ntawm lub thib ob yog ntau dua. Cov cuab yeej cuam tshuam yog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav me me. Ntau zaus nwstau siv, qhov siab dua qhov voltage. Txhawm rau kom lub phaj qhib lub voj voog, xav tau ib qho chaw sib nqus, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais. Ruhmkorff coil tau siv dav hauv xyoo 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum.
Ntaus transformer
G. Ruhmkorff yog ib tug uas tsim lub transformer. Nws lub tswv yim tau coj mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb P. N. Yablochkov, uas tau nthuav tawm nws qhov kev tsim hauv xyoo 1876. Raws li ib tug tseem ceeb, nws siv ib tug tshwj xeeb pas nrig, uas lub windings twb raug mob. Txhawm rau cuam tshuam ncaj qha tam sim no, tus kws tshawb fawb tsis siv lub phaj caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tab sis induction coils.
Txhua lub ntsiab windings tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab muab cov nqi hluav taws xob uas xav tau. Hauv theem nrab, cov teeb tau siv los ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog tuaj. Tom qab ntawd nws tau sau tseg tias nws muaj peev xwm txo tau lub zog poob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab ob lub coils ntawm lub hauv paus - thawj thiab theem nrab.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub los ntawm leej twg thiab thaum twg thawj transformer tau tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis txhob yuam kev xav tias nws yog invented los ntawm Yablochkov. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau coj txoj kev loj hlob mus rau lub siab kom siv tau yooj yim dua.
Kev txhim kho ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb yog ib qho khoom siv nrog qhib cores. Tom qab ntawd, ib hom tshiab yog tsim - nrog cov kaw, uas tau tsim los ntawm Hopkinson cov kwv tij. Qhov kev tshawb pom tau pab txo cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo heev. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog tias qhov hluav taws xob siab thiab qhov hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tau hloov pauv rau ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Tus pas nrig nws tus kheej yog ua los ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov hlua hlau uas sib caisCov khoom siv tshwj xeeb insulating.
Type of transformers
Ua tsaug rau leej twg tsim lub tshuab hloov pauv, hnub no muaj ntau pawg ntawm cov cuab yeej no:
- Boosting voltage - tsawg voltage nce ho ntawm cov zis.
- Voltage-txo - ib qho hluav taws xob loj tuaj, thiab ib qho me me tawm. Xws li ib qho system yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrog voltage te. Cov no yog cov qauv tsim ntau tshaj plaws.
- Ib-theem thiab peb-theem - thiab peb-theem ib-theem transformers yuav ua tau zoo ntawm peb-theem ib. Txij li thaum ib qho peb-theem transformer, qhov tseeb, muaj peb-theem ib zaug.
- Kev ua kom txias thiab ntuj txias.
Dab tsi yog qhov xav tau rau transformers?
Txhawm rau them nyiaj rau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob poob thaum lub sijhawm sib kis tam sim no, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob ntau, uas tsis xav tau ntau npaum li cas los ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub transformer los ua ke. Nws tswj cov voltage los ntawm kev nce nws thaum lub sij hawm kis tau tus mob thiab ces txo nws nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau tus neeg siv. Txwv tsis pub, tag nrho cov cuab yeej yuav tsis tau tiv thaiv qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm lub zog loj thiab yuav tau hlawv lossis tawg.
Tsis tas li, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau nruab nrog cov hloov pauv hauv lub neej txhua hnub, vim lawv xav tau cov hluav taws xob sib txawv los ntawm ob peb kwj. Niaj hnub no, cov cuab yeej siv hauv computers thiab TVs. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua tsaug rau ib tug uas invented lub transformer, vim hais tias tsis muaj nwsfeem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, peb yuav nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tsis yog qhov hluav taws xob tsawg (kev nyab xeeb), tab sis siab.
Ntau yam khoom zoo li no tseem ceeb hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Yuav kom tsis txhob poob siab, ib qho kev sib cais transformer feem ntau yog siv, uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov hloov pauv tsis tu ncua, cov cuab yeej no kuj siv tau. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov pej xeem thaum lub zog muaj zog. Sib cais hom (tam sim no transformers) yog siv los ntsuas tus nqi ntawm lub zog noj.
