Ciam teb ntawm Ukraine muaj qhov ntev ntev - 7700 km. Ntawm cov no, 1960 km nws stretches raws hiav txwv thiab 5740 km ntawm av. Thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev ntes cov Dub thiab Azov hiav txwv. Ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe, nws nyob qhov chaw muaj koob muaj npe hauv nws qhov ntev.
Cov ciam teb ntawm Ukraine nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas nws ciam teb rau xya lub xeev: Lavxias Federation, koom pheej ntawm Belarus, Moldova, Romania, Poland, Hungary thiab Slovak Republic. Qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog suav hais tias yog ciam teb nrog Russia, Moldova thiab Belarus. Ua tsaug rau thaj chaw maritime, Ukraine kuj muaj "cov ntsiab lus sib txuas" nrog Turkey, Georgia thiab Bulgaria.
Nrog qee lub tebchaws, ciam teb hla cov tiaj thiab roob. Cov Carpathians yog ib txoj kab kev faib ntawm Romania, Poland thiab Slovakia nrog Ukraine.
lub peev ntawm Ukraine yog Kyiv
Lub peev ntawm Ukraine, lub nroog hero thiab tsuas yog kev sib hais haum uas txhua tus ntawm Ukraine tuaj yeem txaus siab rau - Kyiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws suav hais tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv lub xeev. Nws yog ib qho chaw tswj hwm-ib cheeb tsam, nrog rau qhov chaw ntawm kab lis kev cai, kev nom kev tswv, kev lag luam, kev thauj mus los, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev ntseeg. Lub nroog muaj xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, tsis yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Kyiv thiab Kiev-Svyatoshinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov ntaub ntawv, nws tau teev tseg raws li lawv qhov chaw.
Thaj chaw, Kyiv nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Ukraine, uas yog nyob hauv nws qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov pejxeem, lub peev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo, tom qab Istanbul, Moscow, London, St. Petersburg, Berlin thiab Madrid. Keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog no nplua nuj heev uas koj tuaj yeem tham txog nws tau teev. Rau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub neej, Kyiv yog lub peev ntawm Polish haiv neeg, Kievan Rus thiab tus thawj tswj hwm, UNR, UNRS, Ukrainian xeev thiab Ukrainian SSR. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1991 Ukraine tau lees paub tias yog kev ywj pheej, thiab tus hero-lub nroog tau lees paub tias yog nws qhov chaw. Nws, zoo li tag nrho lwm cov chaw hauv cheeb tsam, muaj nws lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab thiab tus chij. Vim qhov tseeb tias yav dhau los qhov kev sib hais haum no tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg Lavxias, nws tseem raug hu ua "niam ntawm lub nroog Lavxias."
Ciam teb ntawm Ukraine
Nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, ciam teb ntawm Ukraine nrog qee lub xeev (Russia, Belarus, Poland) dhau los ntawm cov av qis thiab cov av ntub dej. Sab hnub tuaj ntawm tag nrho cov ciam teb nrog Lavxias teb sab Federation hla mus tas li plains, uas tsis muaj ciam teb. Txoj kab ntawm demarcation nrog Hungary thiab Slovakia hla dhau Transcarpathian lowland. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, dhau ntawm thaj chaw roob thiab ko taw, ciam teb tau tsim nrog Moldova, Slovakia,Poland thiab Romania.
thaj chaw ntawm Ukraine yog qhov muaj zog heev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub npe hu ua European ciam teb uas nws maj mam nce nws cov tub rog tseem ceeb thiab cuam tshuam rau nws tus kheej cov pej xeem thiab cov neeg nyob sib ze, txij li qhov teeb meem ntawm kev khaws cia ciam teb hauv xeev tseem nyob. cuam tshuam, hauv kev daws teeb meem uas tag nrho European Union koom nrog. Vim tias thaj tsam ntuj nyob rau qee thaj chaw suav tias yog npau suav, lub teb chaws kuj yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj txiag txaus los tsim thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv kab, thiab lwm yam.
Thaj Chaw ntawm Ukraine
Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab keeb kwm faib Ukraine ua 15 thaj chaw. Ib txhia nplua nuj, ib txhia kuj pluag. Tab sis lawv tag nrho yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev loj thiab muaj zog. Thaj chaw ntawm Ukraine yog conditionally faib ua ob ntu: Sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob. Txhua ntawm lawv tau muab faib ua ob peb thaj chaw ntxiv:
1. cheeb tsam Chernihiv.
2. cheeb tsam Kyiv.
3. Dnieper.
4. Hiav txwv Azov.
5. Donbass.
6. Slobozhanina.
7. Thaj av Hiav Txwv Dub (qhov no kuj suav nrog Crimean ceg av qab teb).
8. Hmo.
9. Poltava cheeb tsam.
10. Bessarabia.
11. Bukovina.
12. Galicia (Lemkivshchyna, Boykivshchyna thiab Hutsulshchyna kuj raug ntaus nqi rau cheeb tsam no).
13. Transcarpathia.
14. Volyn.
15. Polisya.
Cov cheeb tsam uas tau teev tseg ntawm Ukraine tau koom ua ke vim muaj kev faib ua haujlwm rau hauv cheeb tsam, uas muaj 24 hauv lub tebchaws.
cheeb tsam Chernihiv
cheeb tsam Chernihivnyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub xeev. Xws li cheeb tsam Chernihiv, ib feem ntawm Sumy thiab Slavutych. Cov pej xeem ntawm Ukraine nyob ntawm no yuav pom tau tias qhov kev pab ntawm thaj chaw no yog qhov yooj yim heev, txij li yuav luag tag nrho cheeb tsam nyob ntawm East European Plain.
Muaj txog 1100 tus dej ntws ntawm no. Lawv tag nrho ntev yog 8 txhiab km. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lawv, tourists yog attracted los ntawm nthuav tsiaj nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab: bison, jerboas, puav, ferrets, cranes, owls, thiab lwm yam. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine li Chernihiv cheeb tsam kuj muaj ib tug txaus tus naj npawb ntawm reserves. Muaj peb lub tiaj ua si ntawm thaj chaw (ib toj roob hauv pes, ob lub ntuj). Nws yog cov ntsuas no uas ua rau kom muaj peev xwm mus ncig ua si.
Raws li xyoo 2015, kwv yees li ib lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Ntawm cov no, Ukrainians tsim ntau tshaj 90% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv, koj tuaj yeem ntsib Belarusians thiab Russians.
Kyiv region
Lub nroog thib ob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog thaj av Kyiv. Nws qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias ib lub nroog, raug liam tias yog ib feem ntawm cheeb tsam no, tsis yog neeg nyob, tab sis ua raws li kev ywj pheej cais tswj hwm-ib thaj chaw. Nov yog lub nroog muaj zog ntawm lub xeev xws li Ukraine - Kyiv.
Cov pejxeem ntawm thaj chaw muaj ntau tshaj li ib nrab lab tus tib neeg (raws li xyoo 2013). Kev nyab xeeb yog me ntsis, lub caij ntuj no txias me ntsis, lub caij ntuj sov sov. Sab qaum teb ntawm cheeb tsam Kiev yog nyob rau ntawm Polesskaya lowland, sab hnub tuaj - nyob rau hauv lub Dnieper, sab qab teb thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub cheeb tsam - nyob rau hauv lub Dnieper upland. Nws muaj hav dej mus tas li, ravines thiab bluffs.
Likentau lwm qhov chaw uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub taub hau tom qab lo lus nug "Yuav ua li cas yog Ukraine muab faib" thiab uas belongs rau lub Dnieper, ib feem ntawm lub Kiev cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv nws lub txhab nyiaj.
cheeb tsam Dnieper
Thaj chaw nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Ukraine, ze ntawm Dnieper thiab Kab Kab. Lub cheeb tsam Dnieper nyob ntau tshaj 24 txhiab km2. Yog tias koj siv daim duab qhia chaw, koj tuaj yeem hais tias nws ciam teb rau 6 lub nroog: Poltava, Dnepropetrovsk, Nikolaev, Vinnitsa. Siv txoj haujlwm thib peb hauv nqe lus nug "Yuav ua li cas yog Ukraine faib".
Archaeologists, tom qab ua ib qho kev kawm nthuav dav thiab tseem ceeb, pom tias thawj lub neej hauv cheeb tsam no tau tshwm sim hauv X xyoo pua BC. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm sphere, xyaum tsis muaj dab tsi nthuav tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIII, lub cheeb tsam Kirovograd nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Lithuania, thiab twb los ntawm 1569 - Poland.
Thaj chaw tam sim no ntawm thaj av Dnieper yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas Cossack Sich thiab thawj Cossacks yug.
Priazovie
Priazovie siv qhov chaw thib plaub hauv cov npe "Yuav ua li cas Ukraine faib" raws li nws qhov ntev. Nws suav nrog qee qhov chaw ntawm Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Kherson cheeb tsam, nrog rau ntau lub nroog tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam (Mariupol, Melitopol thiab Berdyansk).
Nws yog qhov chaw ntawm metallurgy hauv Ukraine. Ua tsaug rau Mariupol, qhov twg ntau cov nroj tsuag tau tsim, nws yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Azov uas ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho Ukrainian zus tau tej cov hlau, npua hlau, coke, kav, thiab lwm yam yog tsim.
Kev thauj mus los tau tsim kho hauv cheeb tsam no. Muaj peb qhov chaw nres nkoj: Mariupol,Taganrog, Berdyansk. Kev ua liaj ua teb, kev lag luam zaub mov thiab nuv ntses tau tsim thiab txhawb nqa los ntawm tsoomfwv.
Donbass
Donbass yog thaj av uas tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los thiab tseem tso nws cov kev coj noj coj ua, kev coj noj coj ua thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm lub neej tsis hloov. Thib tsib hauv qhov kev ntaus nqi "Yuav ua li cas Ukraine faib" nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cheeb tsam. Nws suav nrog thaj av Donetsk thiab sab qab teb ntawm Luhansk.
Donbass yog thawj zaug yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev. Donetsk thee phiab tau tshawb pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv xyoo 1720, thiab txij li ntawd los nws tau tsim. Nws nyob txog 60 txhiab km. Cov thee reserves ntawm no yog loj heev. Nyob rau hauv qhov tob txog li 1700 m, deposits nrog tag nrho cov loj ntawm 140 lab tons tau pom.
Vim qhov tseeb tias thaj av Lugansk thiab thaj av Donetsk tau nyob ze rau ib leeg, cuam tshuam, nrhiav kev nyiam, lawv tau koom tsis raug cai rau hauv thaj av hu ua Donbass. Cov pej xeem ntawm Ukraine tau pom tias ntxiv rau cov hom phiaj, ob cheeb tsam no muaj kwv yees li tib yam kev lag luam, keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai.
Tau ntau xyoo lawm nws yog qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam thee thiab metallurgy (ob leeg tsis yog ferrous thiab ferrous).
Ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Ukraine. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub teb chaws
Muaj ob peb lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe uas tuaj yeem khav ntawm keeb kwm ntev, haiv neeg, nrog rau kev sib koom siab, kev lag luam thiab lwm yam teeb meem uas sib koom ua ke ntawm ob lub tebchaws no - Ukraine thiab Russia. Daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Ukraine nrog cov nroog zoo kawg nkaus qhia tau hais tias muaj zog npaum li cas, ntom ntom "ua tiav ib leeg" cov tebchaws no.
Ua ntej tub rog tsis sib haum dhaukev pov npav, cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no tau pom los ntawm cov neeg teb: feem ntau (44%) tau xav tias cov xeev tseem yuav tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev muaj sia nyob. Tom qab tag nrho, tau ntau xyoo lawv raug hu ua viv ncaus. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias ntau qhov kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam thiab raug teeb tsa rau kev sib raug zoo. Qhov thib ob ntawm cov neeg pov npav (28%) tau hais tias thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine, zoo li tsoomfwv ntawm tag nrho lub tebchaws, yuav muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog Federation. Tus so (9%) tau pov npav rau kev ua phem rau txhua txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub xeev. Ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li rau puas leej neeg tau koom rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, feem ntau cov neeg ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej kaj xav tias kev sib raug zoo yuav raug tswj kom tsawg kawg yog lwm xyoo pua. Cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 45 xyoos tau tshaj tawm kev kwv yees raws li kev ceev faj ntxiv.
Tam sim no muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj ntawm Ukraine thiab Lavxias Federation, tab sis nws yuav tsum ntseeg tias tsis ntev tag nrho cov kev tsis pom zoo yuav ploj mus.
Tus ciam teb Lavxias nrog Ukraine tau muaj txij li xyoo 1991. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub teb chaws hla Crimean ceg av qab teb yog suav tias yog tsis tiav. Cov tub ceev xwm tau tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho ib puag ncig, cov teeb meem thiab cov kab khoom tsim tau raug teeb tsa.
