Hnub no, Russia yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb hais txog thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov zauv kuj nyob rau hauv ib tug ua txoj hauj lwm ntawm lwm lub teb chaws. Qhov tseeb yog tias ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw yog nyob los ntawm cov suab puam steppes thiab taiga, raws li thaj chaw deb tshaj plaws ntawm Siberia. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov pejxeem ceev, Russia yog deb ntawm thawj txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
ntsuas ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation
Raws li thawj qhov kev suav pej xeem loj hauv xyoo 1897, cov pejxeem ntawm Russia muaj ntau dua 67.4 lab tus tib neeg. Lawv yog cov neeg ntawm ntau haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg. Feem coob yog cov neeg nyob deb nroog. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog kev tsim ua liaj ua teb kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj ob peb lub nroog loj. Feem ntau cov kws txawj txawj txawj ntse thiab cov tub lag luam nyob hauv lawv.
Tus neeg nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th thaum ntxov hauv lub tebchaws tau muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg. Tsuas yog 21% ntawm cov neeg tau kawm tiav tsawg kawg yog tsev kawm ntawv theem pib. Los ntawm kev ntseeg, pej xeem txheeb cais qhia tias feem coob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Russia thaum lub sij hawm ntawd yog Orthodox (kwv yees li 70%). Cov seem tau koom nrog xws li pawg ntseeg xws li Islam, Catholicism thiab Judaism. Interestingly, peb-quarters ntawm cov pejxeem yog peasants. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov philistinesmuaj li ntawm 10.7%, neeg txawv teb chaws - mus txog 6.6%, Cossacks - me ntsis ntau tshaj 2%, nobles - 1.5%, thiab lwm yam. cim. Yog li, xyoo 1926, cov pejxeem ntawm lub tebchaws muaj txog li 101 lab tus tib neeg. Thaum pib ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias tau tshaj 110 lab, thaum kawg ntawm kev ua phem - txog 97.5 lab. Qhov no tsuas yog qhov kev poob qis hauv lub teb chaws cov pej xeem cov cim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab 10 xyoo qhov xwm txheej tau ruaj khov. Los ntawm 1955, cov pejxeem ntawm Russia rov mus txog 110 lab tus tib neeg.
Lub teb chaws tau mus txog nws cov pej xeem cov pej xeem nyob rau xyoo 1995. Tom qab ntawd cov pejxeem muaj txog 148.5 lab tus tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv 15 xyoo tom ntej no, muaj kev poob qis me ntsis ntawm cov cim qhia vim muaj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm mus rau Western lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau tshaj 6 lab tus tib neeg tawm hauv Russia nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Tam sim no, cov pejxeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab yog sib npaug rau 146.3 lab tus tib neeg.
neeg coob coob
thaj chaw ntawm Russia cov pej xeem muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab tsis sib luag thoob plaws cheeb tsam. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv yog tsom mus rau thaj tsam peb sab ntawm St. Petersburg, Irkutsk thiab Sochi. Cov laj thawj yog huab cua zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam. Permafrost dominates rau sab qaum teb ntawm thaj av no, thiab cov suab puam tsis muaj kawg mus rau sab qab teb.
Siberia tuav ib qho ntawm qhov kawg hauv ntiaj teb hais txog cov pej xeem ceev. Tsawg dua 29 tus neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam nolab tus tib neeg. Qhov no tsuas yog ib feem tsib ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm Russia. Ntxiv mus, thaj tsam ntawm Siberia yog peb lub quarters ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws yog Derbent-Sochi thiab Ufa-Moscow strips.
Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, muaj kev pom zoo thoob plaws hauv Trans-Siberian txoj kev. Cov no yog cov nroog xws li Omsk, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk, thiab lwm yam. Ntau cov pej xeem ceev kuj tau sau tseg hauv thaj tsam ntawm Kuznechny thee phiab. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam no nyiam cov neeg nyob nrog lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam. Raws li cov txheeb cais ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias Federation qhia, cov pej xeem coob tshaj plaws tau cuam tshuam hauv megacities thiab cov peev ntawm cov koom pheej ywj pheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias thaj av nyob deb nroog tau ploj mus sai dua txhua xyoo vim muaj kev hloov pauv cov neeg nyob hauv zos mus rau cov nroog loj.
Demographic dynamics
Niaj hnub Russia yog ib thaj chaw uas nws cov pej xeem loj hlob tuaj vim muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sib ze nrhiav kev vam meej. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation tam sim no muaj teeb meem pej xeem. Qhov kev yug me nyuam NW nyuam qhuav tshaj 1.5. Parallel rau qhov no, muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau yam hauv ib zaug. Raws li kev txheeb cais, ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg tuag tshwm sim vim mob plawv, kwv yees li 15% - los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav thiab nws qhov tshwm sim, ntau dua 4% - los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov kabmob sab hauv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias Russia yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb hais txog cov neeg tuag vim yog sab nraud (ntau dua 14.5%). Qhov no yog siab tshaj qhov ntsuas zoo sib xws ntawm lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe hauv 6ib zaug. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tuag tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo, suav nrog kev ua haujlwm. Txhua xyoo, kwv yees li 6,000 tus neeg dhau los ua neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm kev tua neeg. Qhov kev tuag ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj hnub nyoog Russians tau khaws cia nyob rau theem ntawm 5% ntawm tag nrho.
Hauv xyoo 2006, kwv yees li 1.5 lab tus menyuam yug hauv lub tebchaws. Qhov sib piv piv tau nce mus rau 10.4 ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tuag tau tshaj 2.1 lab. Ua ke nrog cov ntsuas kev tsiv teb tsaws, cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias Federation poob qis los ntawm yuav luag 0.7 lab tus neeg nyob hauv. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, ib tug me ntsis zoo qauv nyob rau hauv lub neej expectancy tau sau tseg, uas muaj li 66.8 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog tus lej qis dua piv rau lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe sab saum toj.
Hauv xyoo 2007, cov qauv ntawm Russia cov pejxeem tau hloov pauv loj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw loj, lub tebchaws tau rov qab los ntawm ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm ib lab tus tib neeg los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo tau cov pej xeem sib txawv hauv Russia. Interestingly, lub siab tshaj plaws yug me nyuam tau sau thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub Magadan cheeb tsam.
Nyob rau hauv 2008 thiab 2009. qhov nce hauv kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw tau them nyiaj rau ntau dua 70% ntawm cov lej poob hauv zej zog los ntawm cov neeg tuag. Qhov kev yug me nyuam tau tshaj qhov pib ntawm 1.7 lab tus menyuam yaus, nce mus txog qhov sib npaug ntawm 12.3. Cov qauv zoo li no tau pom hauv 67 yam hauv lub tebchaws. Ua ke nrog qhov no, tag nrho lub neej expectancy nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam maj mam nce.
Hauv xyoo 2012, kev tuag thiab kev yug me nyuam tau xav tias yuav sib npaug 1.9 lab tus tib neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nce ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chawmus txog qhov pib ntawm 300 txhiab. Hauv xyoo 2013, qhov kev yug me nyuam tau yeej tshaj qhov kev tuag: 1.9 tawm tsam 1.87 lab tus tib neeg. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov pejxeem tau pom nyob rau hauv 43 thaj tsam ntawm lub koomhaum. Nyob rau xyoo 2014, tus menyuam yug tau tshaj li tus neeg tuag los ntawm 33.7 txhiab tus neeg. suav nrog Crimea, cov pejxeem yog 143.7 lab tus neeg nyob.
Kev cog lus rau Urbanization
Ntau xyoo dhau los, cov pej xeem nyob deb nroog ntawm Russia tau poob 4 zaug. Los ntawm 1914, 82.5% ntawm cov neeg nyob sab nrauv thiab cov zos, los ntawm 2014 - tsawg dua 26%. Niaj hnub no, cov pej xeem tseem ceeb ntawm Russia yog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog loj thiab me.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev nce no yog txoj cai tswj hwm kev lag luam ntawm Soviet Union. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1929 txog 1939. nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog, sai collectivization thiab industrialization ntawm lub zej zog tau ua. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem ntawm kev hloov kho, lub teb chaws raug shaken los ntawm ib tug txaus ntshai kev tshaib kev nqhis, tab sis tom qab ib tug tseem ceeb kev loj hlob ntawm industrial sector tau pom thoob plaws hauv lub USSR. Thaum xyoo 1940s, cov neeg nyob deb nroog tau pib maj mam txav mus rau hauv lub nroog txhawm rau nrhiav lub neej zoo dua. Kev txo qis hauv nroog tau pom nyob rau nruab nrab-1960s thiab tseem nyob rau xyoo 1980. Rau lub sijhawm ntev, daim duab no tsis ntau tshaj 1.5%. Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov pej xeem hauv nroog yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 74% ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws. Qhov xwm txheej tsis tau hloov ntau xyoo dhau los txog niaj hnub no. Qhov feem pua ntawm nroog loj nyob rau hauv Russia yog sib npaug rau 74.2%. Qhov no yog kwv yees li 106.7 lab tus tib neeg. Thaum cov neeg nyob deb nroog NW nyuam qhuav tshaj 39 lab tus neeg nyob.
Feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem sawv cev hauv cheeb tsam nroog. Tam sim no, muaj 15 lub nroog nrog ntau dua 1 lab tus neeg nyob hauv. Moscow yog cov npe (12.1 lab tus tib neeg), tom qab ntawd St. Petersburg (5.1 lab tus tib neeg). Cov nroog xws li Novosibirsk, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Samara, Omsk, Perm, Novgorod, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Krasnoyarsk, Rostov thiab Volgograd muaj cov pej xeem suav txij li 1 txog 1.5 lab tus neeg nyob.
kev sib txawv ntawm tib neeg
Hnub no, cov haiv neeg thiab kev ntseeg ntawm Russia suav nrog ntau pua lub tebchaws thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho hauv tsab cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Federation. Kwv yees li 200 tus neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws cov kab lis kev cai, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ntseeg kev ntseeg.
Cov haiv neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Russia yog cov neeg Lavxias. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev suav pej xeem loj hauv xyoo 2010, lub tebchaws no nyob yuav luag 81% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem hauv lub tebchaws. Qhov no yog ntau tshaj 111 lab tus tib neeg. Tag nrho lwm haiv neeg suav nrog cov seem 19.1%. Nws yog noteworthy tias txhua txhua xyoo tus naj npawb ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog inexorably poob. Tshaj li 12 xyoo dhau los, tus naj npawb ntawm cov haiv neeg no tau txo qis los ntawm yuav luag 5 lab tus tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv lem, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tshaj tawm, muaj ib tug tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm Asia.
Tshaj li 10 xyoo dhau los, cov coob ntawm Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Tajik, Circassians thiab Kumyks tau tsiv mus rau Russia. Kev loj hlob ntawm yav dhau los yog ntau tshaj 22.5%. Ua ke nrog qhov no, muaj kev poob qis hauv qee cov neeg European. Cov npe no suav nrog cov neeg xws li Finns, Poles, Ukrainians, Karelians thiab Belarusians. Qhov loj tshaj qhov tsis zoo feem pua belongs rauthawj (-40.5%). Cov pawg neeg loj tshaj plaws (ntau tshaj 1 lab tus tib neeg) yog Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Chechens thiab Armenians. Txhua pawg neeg no suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg.
Cov neeg hauv paus txawm - Russians
Cov haiv neeg ntawm Russia no sawv cev rau cov Eastern Slavs uas tau nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Russia txij thaum immemorial. Feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem Lavxias nyob hauv Lavxias Federation, tab sis cov neeg txawv tebchaws loj kuj tau pom hauv Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus thiab Tebchaws Meskas. Qhov no yog pawg neeg European loj tshaj plaws. Tam sim no, muaj ntau dua 133 lab tus neeg Lavxias nyob hauv ntiaj teb. Feem coob ntawm lawv tau lees paub Orthodoxy.
Muaj ntau dua 111 lab tus neeg Lavxias hauv tebchaws Russia. Lawv yog concentrated nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws, los ntawm lub zos mus rau lub zos. Txog rau hnub tim, cov neeg Lavxias ua ib lub zej zog ntawm lub tebchaws yog li 77.7% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg nyob hauv Moscow - txog 9.9 lab tus tib neeg. Tsuas muaj ntau dua 6.2 lab tus neeg Lavxias nyob hauv thaj av uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub nroog. Cov cheeb tsam loj tshaj plaws tom ntej yog Krasnodar Territory, St. Petersburg, Rostov thiab Sverdlovsk Regions. Tag nrho txog 16 lab tus neeg Lavxias nyob ntawd.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ib tug xov tooj ntawm ethnographic subclasses txawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws pab pawg neeg no. Hauv Karelia, ib tug neeg Lavxias hu ua Vodlozer lossis Zaonezhan, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Barents Hiav Txwv - Pomor, hauv koom pheej. Komi-tseem. Tag nrho cov no yog cov npe ntawm cov neeg thaum ub uas yav tas los nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Russia. Interestingly, Russians los ntawm central ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws kuj muaj lawv tus kheej lub npe. Piv txwv li: katskari, odnodvortsy, polekhs, meshcheryaks, sayans, tsukans, sevryuks, tudovlyans, talagai, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus thiab nyob rau hauv lub Asian cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws, xws subclasses yog txawv li Don Cossacks, Molokans, Kamchakszhadals, Kerians., masons, gurans, Markovians thiab lwm tus.cov pab pawg sib xyaw, piv txwv li, ib tug neeg Yudais Lavxias, yuav tsum raug sau tseg nyias. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev faib tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.
Tatar neeg
Cov haiv neeg ntawm Russia cov pej xeem yog 3.7% txiav txim siab los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg hais lus Turkic. Tatars nyob hauv thaj av Volga, Siberia, Urals thiab hauv thaj av Esxias ntawm lub tebchaws. Tsis ntev los no, tus lej tseem ceeb tau sau tseg hauv Far East. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau tshaj 5.3 lab Tatars nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov no yog pawg neeg thib ob loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation.
Tatars feem ntau muab faib ua 3 pawg thaj chaw tseem ceeb: Volga-Urals, Astrakhan thiab Siberian. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan (ntau tshaj 2.8 lab tus tib neeg). Interestingly, lub teb chaws hom lus belongs rau lub Altaic chav kawm ntawv, thiab muaj peev xwm muaj ob peb hom lus ib zaug: Kazan, Mishar thiab Siberian. Feem ntau ntawm cov Tatars yog Sunni Muslims. Nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, lawv hais txog atheism thiab Orthodoxy. Cov haiv neeg Tatar yog ib feem suav nrog qee qhov loj tshaj plaws sub-ethnoi: Kazanly, Mishars, Urals, Kasimovtsy, Siberians, Teptyars, Kryashens, thiab lwm yam. Cov pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov lej: nplaum thiab nagaybaks. Interestingly, tom kawg yog Orthodox Christians.
Ukrainian haiv neeg
Cov haiv neeg ntawm Russia yog 1.35% ntawm cov neeg sab hnub poob Slavic diaspora. Rusyns thiab Me Me Russians suav hais tias yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tebchaws. Niaj hnub no cov haiv neeg no hu ua Ukrainians. Tom qab Russians thiab Poles, qhov no yog cov neeg Slavic coob tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv feem ntau nyob hauv Ukraine, tab sis ib feem tseem ceeb kuj yog nyob rau hauv Russia thiab North America. Historians ntaus nqi rau Ukrainians xws li haiv neeg subgroups li Poleschuks, Boikos, Lemkos thiab Hutsuls. Lawv feem ntau nyob rau thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Russia. Tam sim no, lawv sawv daws koom ua ib lub teb chaws. Muaj ntau tshaj 1.9 lab Ukrainians nyob rau hauv Russia. Ntawm cov no, yuav luag 160,000 nyob hauv thaj av Tyumen, 154,000 nyob hauv Moscow, thiab me ntsis tsawg dua 120,000 nyob hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog. Cov cheeb tsam tom ntej ntawm cov neeg Ukrainian yog Krasnodar Territory, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Omsk, Orenburg, Primorye, thiab lwm yam.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias thaj chaw ntawm haiv neeg yog suav tias yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe tom qab Lavxias. Keeb kwm, nws npog ntau tshaj 600 txhiab sq. km.
Bashkir teb chaws
Cov neeg hais lus Turkic no nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Russia txij thaum Nrab Hnub nyoog. Bashkirs feem ntau nyob hauv Russia. Lawv cov kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm chaw yog lub koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan. Txhua haiv neeg hauv paus txawm hais lus Turkic-Altaic.
Cov haiv neeg tsawg hauv tebchaws Russia tsimkwv yees li 1.1% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Lawv tus lej tsuas yog qis dua 1.6 lab. Feem coob ntawm Bashkirs nyob hauv lawv lub tebchaws tebchaws (74%). Ntau tshaj 160 txhiab nyob hauv Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau tus Bashkirs tau sau tseg hauv Tyumen, Orenburg, Perm thiab Sverdlov.
Txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tag nrho cov ntawv sau hauv tebchaws yog Arabic, ces nws tau muab txhais ua Latin thiab Cyrillic. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, Bashkirs tau adherents ntawm Sunni ceg ntawm Islam. Kev yug nyuj tseem suav tias yog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov pejxeem. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, kev ua liaj ua teb nqaij qaib thiab nuv ntses tau raug sau tseg hauv Bashkortostan. Cov txiv neej ntawm cov pejxeem feem ntau koom nrog kev yos hav zoov. Cov poj niam, nyob rau hauv lem, cog tag nrho cov muv plantations.
Woaving, paj ntaub, ntaub pua plag, thiab tawv finishing yog zoo tsim crafts. Niaj hnub no, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov koom pheej cov txiaj ntsig yog nyob ntawm kev lag luam metallurgical. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias Bashkirs tau nto moo rau hom kev ua no rov qab rau hauv 16th-17th centuries. Ntau xyoo, txoj kev ua neej ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos tau hloov pauv ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qhov chaw nyob qhov twg txoj kev ua neej ib nrab tau khaws cia.
Tus kheej tshaj tawm cov neeg Chuvash
Cov haiv neeg ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Russia suav nrog tsis yog cov saum toj no xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau haiv neeg. Raws li kev suav pej xeem zaum kawg, kwv yees li 1.5 lab Chuvashs nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Sab nraud ntawm Russia tsuas muaj txog 50 txhiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg. Feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem nyob hauv Chuvashia.
Hnub no, muaj 4 pawg sub. Cov Turi nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub koom pheej, Enchi nyob rau sab qaum teb, Anatri nyob rau sab qab teb, thiab Hirti nyob rau sab hnub tuaj steppe cheeb tsam. Lub teb chaws hom lus yog Chuvash. Nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm Turkic thiab Bulgar. Tej zaum yuav muaj ob peb hom lus nyob ntawm thaj chaw sib haum xeeb.
Kev ntseeg tseem ceeb yog Orthodoxy. Ib feem me me ntawm cov pejxeem ua raws li Islam. Cov zos me tseem nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub koom pheej, uas thaum ub shamanism tseem yog tib txoj kev ntseeg. Txhua tus Chuvashs muaj kev hwm ntawm lawv cov kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua, hnub so hauv tebchaws. Kev yug nyuj nyuj tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam. Npua, yaj, nyuj, noog loj raug tsa nyob hauv tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb, cov keeb kwm kev lig kev cai ntawm kev yug me nyuam nees tau raug khaws cia. Chuvashia yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov nqaij thiab cov khoom siv mis nyuj. Cov khoom hauv zos raug xa tawm mus deb dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm Republic. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau tshaj 20% ntawm cov neeg Chuvash koom ua liaj ua teb.
Charisma thiab kab lig kev cai ntawm Chechens
Thaum chiv keeb, cov neeg no hu ua Nokhchi. Niaj hnub no, haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Russia yog 1% ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ancient upland pab pawg neeg - lub Chechens. Feem coob ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm nyob hauv North Caucasus. Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, lub Nokhchis nyob rau hauv xws li keeb kwm cheeb tsam ntawm Dagestan li Khasavyurt, Kazbekov, Kizilyurt, Novolak thiab lwm yam, tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws yog 1.55 lab tus tib neeg, nyob rau hauv Russia - 1.4 lab hu ua Nakh haiv neeg. Lawv suav nrog Ingush, Batsbi thiabKiss. Niaj hnub no, 84.5% ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Chechnya, tus so - nyob rau hauv Dagestan thiab Ingushetia. Muaj txog 14.5 txhiab tus xeeb ntxwv ntawm Nokhchi hauv Moscow. Qhov no tsuas yog ntau dua 1% ntawm lawv cov naj npawb tag nrho.
Ntau tus neeg keeb kwm ntseeg tias cov neeg Chechen tsim los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm Vainakh cov pej xeem nyob rau lub sijhawm txij li 16th mus rau 18th centuries. Thaum lub sij hawm no muaj ib tug active Islamization ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Feem ntau ntawm Vainakhs pib tsim thaj chaw roob. Kev cai dab qhuas thiab kab lis kev cai keeb kwm ntawm niaj hnub Chechens maj mam tsim. Lub sijhawm no, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txhua haiv neeg ntawm Vainakhs.
Armenian Diaspora
Ntawm no yog ib haiv neeg qub tshaj plaws uas yog tsev neeg Indo-European. Muaj coob tus Armenians nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis lawv yog unevenly tswm ciab, yog li nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau txawm theoretically txiav txim tag nrho cov naj npawb. Lawv feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv Armenia, lub koom pheej Karabakh, Georgia, Lebanon, Abkhazia, Jordan thiab Lavxias teb sab Federation.
Cov haiv neeg tsawg hauv tebchaws Russia muaj txog 0.8% ntawm cov pejxeem. Qhov ntawd yog yuav luag 1.2 lab tus tib neeg. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia, feem ntau ntawm Armenians yog nyob rau hauv lub Krasnodar thiab Stavropol Territories, nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab cheeb tsam, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv Rostov. Kwv yees li 98% ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg no nyob hauv nroog. Nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub kev xav, lub teb chaws hom lus ntawm Armenians yog suav hais tias yog lub keeb kwm cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov ancient pab pawg neeg ntawm highlands. Lub diaspora yeej tsis muaj kab lis kev cai ntawm nws tus kheej. Rov qab rau hauv thawjxyoo txhiab BC. e. Armenians tsiv mus rau thaj chaw ntawm Luvians thiab Hurrians, qiv lawv cov kev lis kev cai. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm pawg neeg no yog cov neeg Greek thaum ub tsiv teb tsaws chaw.
Lwm haiv neeg
Tam sim no, cov haiv neeg ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Russia yog diluted tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Turks thiab Highlanders, tab sis kuj los ntawm ntau lwm yam diasporas. Piv txwv li, Avars yog cov neeg uas suav nrog cov pab pawg qub xws li Andians, Archins thiab Tsezi. Lawv cov naj npawb hauv Russia yog ntau dua 0.9 lab tus tib neeg.
haiv neeg xws li Kazakhs, Mordovians, Dargins, Azerbaijanis, Maris, Udmurts, Ossetians, Belarusians, Kumyks, thiab lwm yam. 3.7%. Cov haiv neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation kuj suav nrog Kabardians, Yakuts, Buryats, Moldavians, Uzbeks, Komi, Gypsies, Kirghiz, Circassians thiab pua pua ntawm lwm haiv neeg. Tsis muaj ntau cov neeg Yudais nyob hauv lub tebchaws xws li hauv tebchaws. thaum ntxov 2000s. Lawv tus lej yog 156.8 txhiab tus neeg. Interestingly, thaum lub sij hawm kev suav pej xeem zaum kawg, ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg no tau sau tseg haiv neeg "Lavxias teb sab Jew" nyob rau hauv kab.
