Cuirassier cov tub rog ib zaug tau ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv feem ntau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe. Lawv paub txog lawv txoj kev yeej, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Napoleon Bonaparte. Leej twg yog tus cuirassier? Qhov no puas yog hloov rau chivalry lossis ib ceg tshiab ntawm kev pabcuam?
Cavalry
Cuirassier yog ib feem ntawm cov tub rog, uas yog ib ceg ntawm cov tub rog, txav ntawm nees. Lo lus "cavalry" nws tus kheej yog txhais los ntawm Latin li "nees". Kev siv xws li ib chav nyob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj ntau yam zoo. Yog li ntawd, txawm nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, nws ua si ib tug txiav txim lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov zoo ntawm armored cavalry nrog phom thiab riam phom melee yog raws li nram no:
- siab mob;
- maneuverability;
- swiftness;
- zog;
- pab kev deb ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv.
Cov tub rog muaj cuirassiers, hussars, dragoons. Cov chav no tau ua ntau yam haujlwm hauv cov tub rog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog, cov hussars yog ib feem ntawm lub teeb cavalry. Lawv yuav tsum cojkev txawj ntse thiab kev saib xyuas. Dragons tau txais kev pab hauv kab cavalry. Cov cuirassiers tau muab cais ua hnyav. Lawv yuav tsum tau kaw qhov kev tawm tsam.
Nyob rau lwm lub tebchaws, chav nyob tau muab cais raws li qhov hnyav ntawm tus nees. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub teeb cavalry, qhov hnyav ntawm nees tsis tshaj 500 kg. Lawv tau caij los ntawm hussars. Qhov nruab nrab txhais tau hais tias muaj cov nees uas nws qhov hnyav yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 600 kg. Lawv tau coj los ntawm dragoons. Hauv cov tub rog hnyav muaj nees uas hnyav li ntawm 600 txog 800 kg. Nws yog ntawm lawv cov cuirasiers, nrog rau cov carabinieri, caij.
hom tsheb loj
Leej twg yog tus kws ua zaub mov noj? Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus nyob rau hauv literal translation los ntawm Fabkis txhais tau tias "latnik". Ib yam zoo sib xws ntawm cov tub rog tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua kaum rau. Nws tau tsim los kom them nyiaj rau cov me me ntawm knights 'cavalry. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cuirassiers tau hnav ris tsho tsis tshua muaj nqi, uas npog tsuas yog ob feem peb ntawm lub cev. Lawv pib hu ua cuirasiers.
Cuirassier armor
Vim ib tug cuirassier yog ib tug uas hnav ib tug cuirass, nws yog tsim nyog kawm ntxiv txog cov evolution ntawm armor no. Thaum xub thawj, armor txawv ntawm knights tsuas yog thaum tsis muaj leggings. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv rau ob txhais ceg thiab taw. Qhov no tso cai rau txo qis tus nqi ntawm lat. Qhov tseeb no tau nyiam los ntawm ntau tus nom tswv pluag.
thawj cov cuab yeej cuirassier hnyav txog 30 kilograms. Kuj tseem muaj cov analogues pheej yig dua, qhov hnyav tsis tshaj 12 kg. Lawv muaj cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws. Qhov txawv ntawm lawv yog qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau, nws thickness, thiabtseem nyob rau theem ntawm cov khoom kim heev tiav.
Yog xav tau, tus tub rog tuaj yeem yuav tsis yog tag nrho cov cuab yeej cuab tam, tab sis tsuas yog cov mos txwv tsis muaj phom. Qhov kev xaiv no tau xaiv los ntawm cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem them taus cov cuab yeej kim, lossis cov uas tsis xav hnav 30 kg. Cov mos txwv tsis pom kev tuaj yeem tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom sib dua: cov hnab looj tes phaj, lub xub pwg pluaj, ceg tiv thaiv, kaus mom hlau.
Cuirassier riam phom
Cuirassier yog ib feem ntawm cov tub rog. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws siv ob rab phom thiab riam phom txias. Thawj ntau yam suav nrog rab yaj phom thiab muskets. Yuav ua li cas pab raws li hnyav cavalry riam phom? Broadword - qhov no yog cov hniav ntawm tus cuirassier. Los ntawm German thiab Hungarian, lo lus yog txhais ua "nqaij" lossis "dagger". Nws yog ib qho cuab yeej chopping-piercing nrog ib tug ncaj hniav mus txog 100 cm ntev, broadwords yuav muaj sib txawv sharpening: ib tug, ib tug thiab ib nrab thiab ob-sided (hauv thawj cov qauv). Nws yog ib yam dab tsi ntawm saber thiab rab ntaj, sib txuas lawv qhov zoo.
Nws yog cov neeg ua yeeb yam uas tau pib siv cov lus dav dav hauv Western Europe txij thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo. Txhawm rau txhawm rau tho lub ntsej muag hlau (cuirass), yuav tsum muaj rab riam hnyav thiab ntev. Xws li yog tus dav dav. Muaj ib tug Scottish version ntawm no riam phom. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum rau, kis thoob plaws hauv lub UK. Qhov ntev ntawm tus broadword yog 75-90 cm, nws cov hniav yog dav heev. Ntxig ib sab los yog ob sab. Xws li ib tug broadword feem ntau siv nrog ib puag ncig ntaub thaiv npog.
Russiacov hniav tshwm nyob rau hauv Peter lub Great. Nws tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog dragoon, thiab tom qab nws qhov tsos, los ntawm cuirasiers. Cov hniav yog lub Hoobkas tsim nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab lawv kuj tau los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Cov riam phom, ntev 85 cm, muaj ib tug ncaj taw tes. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim, cov hniav tau ua ib-edged. Nyob rau hauv Catherine II, lub monogram "E II" nyob rau hauv lub crown yog engraved rau nws. Broadwords tseem yog ib feem ntawm armament ntawm cuirassiers kom txog thaum lawv tau hloov kho. Tom qab ntawd, cov hniav tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ob peb pab tub rog. Lawv tsuas pom nyob rau hauv parades xwb.
Cuirassiers hauv Russia
Keeb kwm ntawm kev muaj sia nyob ntawm cuirasiers hauv Russia pib xyoo 1731. Field Marshal Kh. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, cov chaw no ntawm cov tub rog tub rog tau pib siv rau hauv cov tub rog Lavxias ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Tus naj npawb ntawm cuirassier regiments nyob rau hauv Russia tau hloov tas li los yog nce. Txij li thaum xyoo 1860, cov tub rog uas twb muaj lawm tau hloov kho rau hauv cov zaj sawv. Tsuas yog plaub tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm cuirasiers nkaus xwb.
