Peb xav muab peb tsab xov xwm rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog tus qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lysosomes. Peb yuav xav txog cov ncauj lus no kom ntxaws los ntawm ntau lub kaum ntse ntse, suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov qauv no, lawv ntau yam, cov qauv tsim, thiab ntau yam teeb meem.
Ua ntej txiav txim siab seb tus qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lysosomes yog dab tsi, kuv xav qhia qee cov ntsiab lus. Txhua yam muaj sia nyob uas nyob ib puag ncig peb muaj cov khoom siv, cov hlwb. Lawv tsuas tuaj yeem pom nrog lub tshuab microscope. Tab sis lub xov tooj ntawm tes yog ib qho kev ua tiav, muaj cov khoom me me, uas feem ntau hu ua organelles. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib tug ntawm lawv.
Lysosome: yog dab tsi?
Tus qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lysosomes yog dab tsi? Cov no yog cov organelles me me, yog li muaj coob tus ntawm lawv tuaj yeem haum rau hauv ib lub cell. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov hlwb ntawm qee cov algae tsuas muaj 1 lossis 2 lysosomes, uas loj dua li niaj zaus.(kwv yees li 0.2 µm). Yog li, tag nrho cov lysosomes tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg:
- primary;
- secondary;
- residual cev.
Txij li thaum peb tab tom txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lysosomes zoo li, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kab lus nws yuav paub meej rau koj vim li cas cov tsiaj no xav tau thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb rau lub neej ntawm tes. Nws tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub meej tias thawj lysosomes dhau mus rau cov theem nrab, tab sis cov txheej txheem thim rov qab tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau.
Structure of lysosomes
Lysosomes, qauv thiab ua haujlwm yog dab tsi? Lub rooj yuav pab peb txheeb xyuas seb muaj dab tsi hauv cov organelles. Organelles muaj ntau tshaj 50 protein enzymes sib txawv. Lub lysosome nws tus kheej yog them nrog ib daim nyias nyias uas cais cov tshuaj lom neeg lom zem los ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv ntawm tes. Hauv cov lus, peb yuav sau cov enzymes tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab piav qhia lawv txoj haujlwm.
|
Y Enzyme |
Meaning |
| Esterases | Nyob rau kev sib cais ntawm cov cawv tseem ceeb. |
| YPeptide-hydrolases | Xav tau rau hydrolysis ntawm cov tebchaw uas muaj peptide daim ntawv cog lus. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov proteins, peptides thiab lwm yam tshuaj. |
| Nucleases | Cov pab pawg no ntawm cov enzymes ua kom cov hydrolysis ntawm phosphodiester bonds hauv polynucleotide saw ntawm nucleic acids. Qhov no yog li cas mono- thiab oligonucleotides raug tsim. |
| YGlycosidases | Enzymes ntawm pab pawg no muab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cov carbohydrates. |
| YHydrolases | Ua haujlwm rau hydrolysis ntawm amides. |
Kev tsim cov lysosomes
Yog li, peb tau kawm tias lysosomes yog dab tsi, cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm (luv luv) uas peb yuav piav qhia luv luv hauv kab lus no. Peb twb tau hais tias organelles tau muab faib ua peb pawg (primary, secondary thiab residual body). Thawj pab pawg yog tsim los ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm Golgi apparatus, nyob rau theem no nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau confuse lawv nrog me me vacuoles. Lysosomes tuaj yeem fuse thiab tsim cov organelles ntawm ntau cov qauv thiab loj.
Yog tias thawj lysosome ntes cov tshuaj, ces cov txheej txheem ntawm cellular digestion pib. Ib qho organoid uas muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem cov tebchaw nrog kev pab los ntawm enzymes twb nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm theem nrab lysosomes. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev zom cov tshuaj, cov khoom seem hauv lub cev tuaj yeem tsim tau (qhov no yog theem thib peb ntawm lysosome lub neej voj voog).
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm organelles
Peb tau saib cov hom lysosomes, cov qauv thiab cov haujlwm (cov lus) - qhov no yog peb cov lus nug tom ntej. Peb txiav txim siab siv daim ntawv pom thiab nkag siab tshaj plaws, uas yog, lub rooj.
| Function | yam ntxwv |
| Intracellular plab zom mov |
Lysosomes muaj ntau cov enzymes uas muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem cov tebchaw los ntawm hydrolysis. Qhov no yog li cas intracellular digestion tshwm sim. Cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lysosome thiab ua tiav, tsim cov khoom hnyav molecular, uas lub cell tom qab ntawd.siv rau nws tus kheej xav tau. |
| Autophagy | txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis tsim nyog lossis qub cell organelles. Autophagy yog ib txoj hauv kev los txuas ntxiv cellular organelles. |
| Autolysis | Hauv lwm txoj kev, cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem hu ua kev puas tsuaj rau tus kheej ntawm tes. Thaum cov membranes ntawm tag nrho cov lysosomes ntawm ib lub cell raug puas tsuaj, lub tom kawg tuag. |
Zoo kawg
Peb kawm tias lysosomes yog dab tsi. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm (cov lus) tau muab rau hauv kab lus. Hauv kev xaus, kuv xav hais tias qee cov kab mob yuav tshwm sim yog tias cov kab mob no cuam tshuam. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj paub cov kab mob keeb kwm cuam tshuam nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lysosomes. Cov kab mob no suav nrog mucopolysaccharidoses, sphingolipidoses, glycoproteinoses thiab ntau lwm tus.
