Lub cytoskeleton yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub cell. Cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton

Cov txheej txheem:

Lub cytoskeleton yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub cell. Cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton
Lub cytoskeleton yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub cell. Cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton
Anonim

Kev txiav txim siab tshaj tawm dua rau cov ncauj lus lom neeg, cia peb tham txog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv nws - cytoskeleton (los ntawm Greek "cytos", uas txhais tau tias "cell"). Peb kuj tseem yuav xav txog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton.

tswvyim

Ua ntej tham txog lub ntsiab lus no, nws yuav tsum tau muab lub tswv yim ntawm cytoplasm. Qhov no yog ib puag ncig ib puag ncig ntawm cov kua hauv lub cell, uas yog txwv los ntawm cytoplasmic membrane. Qhov chaw sab hauv no tsis suav nrog cov nucleus thiab vacuoles ntawm tes.

cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton
cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton

Thiab lub cytoskeleton yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub cell, uas nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm lub cell. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv eukaryotic hlwb (cov kab mob nyob uas muaj cov nucleus hauv cov hlwb). Yog tus qauv dynamic uas hloov tau.

Hauv qee qhov chaw, xav txog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton, qhov txawv me ntsis yog muab, tsim ua lwm yam lus. Nws yog lub cev musculoskeletal ntawm cov hlwb, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov protein filamentous qauv. Koom tes hauv kev txav ntawm tes.

Kev tsim kho

Cia peb xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov qauv no, tom qab ntawd peb yuav pom tias lub cytoskeleton ua haujlwm li cas.

Lub cytoskeleton tau tsim los ntawm cov proteins. Ob peb lub tshuab muaj qhov txawv ntawm nws cov qauv, lub npe uas yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, lossis los ntawm cov proteins tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov tshuab no.

Vim lub cytoskeleton yog ib qho qauv, muaj peb yam tseem ceeb hauv nws. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej thiab kev txav ntawm cov hlwb.

cytoskeleton yog
cytoskeleton yog

Lub cytoskeleton muaj microtubules, nruab nrab filaments thiab microfilaments. Cov tom kawg yog lwm yam hu ua actin filaments. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog inherently unstable: lawv tas li assembled thiab disassembled. Yog li, tag nrho cov khoom muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug nrog cov proteins sib raug rau lawv.

Cytoskeletal microtubules, uas yog cov qauv nruj, muaj nyob rau hauv cytoplasm ntawm eukaryotes, nrog rau hauv nws cov kev loj hlob, uas yog hu ua flagella thiab cilia. Lawv qhov ntev tuaj yeem sib txawv, qee qhov ncav cuag ob peb micrometers ntev. Qee zaum microtubules txuas nrog siv tes lossis txuas txuas.

Microfilaments yog tsim los ntawm actin, protein zoo ib yam li pom hauv cov leeg. Hauv lawv cov qauv, muaj lwm cov proteins hauv me me. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm actin filaments thiab microtubules yog tias qee qhov ntawm lawv tsis tuaj yeem pom hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj hlwb, lawv tau ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug plexus nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias thiab yog li txuam nrog nws cov proteins.

Microfilaments ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag hlwb kuj cuam tshuam nrog cov protein myosin. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv lub cev muaj peev xwm txo tau.

Intermediate filamentsyog tsim los ntawm ntau yam proteins. Cov txheej txheem no tsis tau kawm txaus. Nws zoo li cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj nws kiag li. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov filaments nruab nrab yog ib qho ntxiv rau microtubules. Nws tau raug pov thawj tseeb tias thaum lub kaw lus microtubule raug rhuav tshem, cov filaments raug rov kho dua, thiab nrog cov txheej txheem thim rov qab, lub zog ntawm cov filaments xyaum tsis cuam tshuam rau microtubules.

Functions

Hais txog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton, cia peb teev nws cuam tshuam rau lub cell li cas.

Ua tsaug rau microfilaments, cov proteins txav raws cov cytoplasmic membrane. Cov actin muaj nyob rau hauv lawv koom nrog hauv cov leeg nqaij contractions, phagocytosis, cell txav, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm phev thiab qe fusion.

Microtubules koom tes hauv kev tswj cov cell zoo. Lwm txoj haujlwm yog kev thauj mus los. Lawv nqa organelles. Lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txhua yam, uas suav nrog kev txav mitochondria thiab cilia. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog rau microtubules hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cell.

Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton

Lawv yog tsom rau kev tsim lossis tswj kom muaj qee yam ntawm tes asymmetry. Raws li qee qhov kev cuam tshuam, microtubules raug rhuav tshem. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm qhov asymmetry.

Cov haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton kuj suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm tes mus rau sab nraud cuam tshuam, cov txheej txheem ntawm endo- thiab exocytosis.

Yog li, peb tau txiav txim siab seb qhov haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton ua haujlwm li cas hauv lub cev muaj sia.

Eukaryotes

Nruab nrab ntawm eukaryotes thiabprokaryotes muaj qhov sib txawv tseeb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog cytoskeleton ntawm cov tsiaj no. Eukaryotes (tsiaj uas muaj lub nucleus hauv cell) muaj peb hom filaments.

microtubules ntawm cytoskeleton
microtubules ntawm cytoskeleton

Actin filaments (hauv lwm lo lus, microfilaments) nyob ntawm cov cell membrane. Lawv koom nrog hauv kev sib cuam tshuam hauv cellular thiab tseem xa cov teeb liab.

Intermediate filaments yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov cytoskeleton.

Microtubules yog lub tog raj kheej hollow, lawv yog cov qauv zoo heev.

Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes yog cov kab mob unicellular - kab mob thiab archaea, uas tsis muaj cov nucleus tsim. Nws tau ntseeg tias prokaryotes tsis muaj cytoskeleton. Tab sis txij li xyoo 2001, kev tshawb fawb nquag ntawm lawv lub hlwb pib. Homologs (zoo ib yam, zoo sib xws) ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm eukaryotic cytoskeleton tau pom.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias ib pawg protein ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev pob txha tsis muaj qhov sib piv ntawm eukaryotes.

Lub cytoskeleton yog tsim los ntawm
Lub cytoskeleton yog tsim los ntawm

Zoo kawg

Yog li, peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cytoskeleton. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm tes, muab nws cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Txhua yam cytoskeletal cuam tshuam. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm qhov muaj nyob ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha ntawm microfilaments, nruab nrab filaments thiab microtubules.

Raws li cov tswv yim niaj hnub no, cytoskeleton yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas sib sau ua ke ntau yam ntawm tes thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv xa mus.

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