Leej twg yog tus neeg siv khoom? Ua ntej nkag siab txog lub tswv yim no, nws yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm materialism. Nws yog feem ntau yog ib daim ntawv ntawm philosophical monism, uas hais tias qhov teeb meem yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qhov xwm txheej, thiab txhua yam (xws li kev nco qab thiab kev xav) yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv sib cuam tshuam. Raws li, materialist yog ib tug adherent ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm materialism los yog nws follower.
Kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov kev xav hauv ntiaj teb kev pom
Khoom siv zoo sib xws nrog lub cev. Txoj kev xav ntawm kev xav no piav txog lub ntiaj teb uas txhua yam uas muaj tshwm sim yog ncaj ncees los ntawm physics thiab nws cov cai. Philosophical cev nqaij daim tawv tau hloov zuj zus mus deb ntawm materialism, vim hais tias nws dogmas yog txuam nrog lub cev discoveries.
Khoom siv yog txwv rau cov kev tshawb fawb tseeb, hauv nws qhov kev sib cav tsuas muaj qhov chaw-lub sijhawm, lub zog lub cev, qhov tsaus ntuj, quab yuam thiab lwm yam dav dav.hypothetical yam. Yog li, raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus qhia no, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lawv zoo sib xws, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov lus no ua cov lus sib piv.
Muaj ob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav txog tam sim no
Ib tus neeg siv khoom yog tus ua raws li kev xav hauv ntiaj teb kev xav uas yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm monistic ontology, cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, dualism thiab pluralism. Peb muaj peev xwm hais tau yam xyuam xim hais tias materialism yog ib tug ua tiav inversion ntawm idealism. Materialists hais tias qhov teeb meem yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev nco qab yog qhov thib ob. Thiab cov neeg muaj tswv yim hais tawm qhov sib txawv.
Txawm hais tias muaj coob tus ntawm cov tsev kawm philosophical thiab kev hloov maj mam ntawm lawv, cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav tseem yog cov khoom siv thiab kev xav zoo. Tag nrho lwm yam kev pom thoob ntiaj teb yog los ntawm cov pab pawg no, uas ua rau peb tog dogmas nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb.
Tseem kuj muaj kev ywj pheej philosophical txoj kev xav - qhov no yog dualism: kev xav tias qhov teeb meem thiab kev nco qab txhim kho nyob rau hauv kev ywj pheej sib luag.
Materialist philosophers
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, Karl Marx thiab Friedrich Engels nthuav lub tswvyim ntawm materialism, tsim ib tug tshiab philosophical kev taw qhia "dialectical materialism" (40s). Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tau ua haujlwm nrog lub sijhawm zoo li no. Lub npe no yog thawj zaug los ntawm Joseph Dietzgen hauv 1887.
Lub ntsiab lus luv ntawm Marx thiab Engels cov lus qhia yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab kev nco qab yog nws cov khoom. Kev txav mus los thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb, raws li dialectical materialism hais, yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm sab ntsuj pligkev tsis sib haum xeeb. Lub hom phiaj txoj cai ntawm "diamat" (abbreviated) yog kev ncaj ncees thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam, sublimation ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov zoo, txoj cai ntawm "tsis lees paub qhov tsis lees paub."
Qhov kev hloov kho qhov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Hegel thiab Feuerbach cov lus qhia txog kev xav ntawm cov khoom siv yog suav tias yog qhov theoretical ntawm diamat.
Ntawm Lavxias teb sab materialists yog:
- Varfolomey Zaitsev (lub neej xyoo 1842-1878) - nto moo sau ntawv thuam thiab nihilist ntawm 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.
- Nikolai Kareev (xyoo ntawm lub neej 1850-1931) - sociologist, philosopher. Nws cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws: "Philosophy ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev sib raug zoo keeb kwm ntawm niaj hnub nim no", "Cov qub thiab tshiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm economic materialism."
- Matvey Troitsky (xyoo ntawm lub neej 1835-1899) yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tswv yim pom zoo hauv tebchaws Russia. Founder ntawm thawj Moscow Psychological Society. Cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws piav txog lub hauv paus ntawm materialism yog Prof. Lotze Txoj Kev Kawm Txog Metaphysics Readings.
- Dmitry Pisarev (lub neej xyoo 1840-1868) - tus paub txog kev hloov pauv kev ywj pheej, tshaj tawm xov xwm thiab sau ntawv thuam. Ib tug brightest sawv cev ntawm "sixties".
- Nikolai Dobrolyubov (xyoo ntawm lub neej 1836-1861) - kev hloov pauv ywj pheej, kws sau paj huam thiab tshaj tawm. Ib tug follower ntawm materialism, empiricism thiab rational egoism. Nws tau sib cav hais tias ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog yog ib qho lus dab neeg, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tus accountant yog dab tsi?
Koj puas tau hnovpuas tau muaj txoj haujlwm zoo li no? Leej twg yog tus ntawd? Qhov no yog tus accountant-tus kws tshaj lij ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv nyiaj txiag ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab. Cov ncej no yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov haujlwm ntawm kev suav nyiaj, uas nws raug xaiv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas.
Lub npe ntawm txoj haujlwm no tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev qhia txog kev xav thiab kev xav. "Accountant materialist" tsuas yog lub npe nrov rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm accounting, uas nws lub luag haujlwm yuav suav nrog ntau yam nyob ntawm qhov kev lag luam.
