Cov kab lus piav qhia seb lub zog yog dab tsi, hom ntawm nws yog dab tsi thiab cov dej vapor siv li cas hauv kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub.
Physics
Ib qho ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb uas pab nrhiav cov qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig thiab qee qhov ntawm nws cov txheej txheem yog physics. Muaj ntau qhov kev xav nthuav tawm nyob ib puag ncig peb txhua ob. Peb tau ntev lawm accustomed rau ntau ntawm lawv thiab tsis xyuam xim rau lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, tsawg tus neeg xav txog qhov xwm ntawm qhov kub hnyiab ntawm lub hnub, los yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej vapor, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau huab cua. Thiab txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia saum toj no tau kawm zoo heev, peb tseem yuav xav txog cov lus nug ntawm qhov cub yog dab tsi. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tsis tsuas yog boiling lossis evaporation ntawm dej, tab sis kuj muaj lwm yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam tshuaj, tab sis ua ntej yam ua ntej.
Definition
Vapor yog lub xeev gaseous ntawm cov teeb meem, yog tias theem no nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug nrog lwm lub xeev tag nrho ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim, feem ntau hu ua vaporization, thiab cov txheej txheem rov qab yog hu ua condensation. Yog li tam sim no peb paub tias chav dej yog dab tsi. Los ntawm txoj kev, feem ntau thaum lo lus "steam" yog hais, tib neeg yuav luag ib txwm txhais tau tias cov chav uas tau los ntawmCov dej zoo tib yam, txawm li cas los xij, raws li tau hais los saum no, ntau yam khoom tuaj yeem ua rau lub xeev ntawm kev sib sau ua ke.
Ntxiv rau, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ob hom: saturated thiab unsaturated. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus no tsuas yog siv rau cov tshuaj uas muaj tshuaj dawb huv xwb. Cia peb tsom xam lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Dab tsi yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg?
Yog li lawv hu nws thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov sib npaug, hu ua dynamic, cuam tshuam rau cov kua dej uas tau tsim. Feem ntau cov lus txhais no tsis meej pem nrog cov thermodynamic, uas tsis yog lawm. Yog tias koj sib piv qhov siab ntawm qhov tsis muaj dej tsis txaus nrog cov saturated, ces nws yuav ib txwm muaj tus nqi qis dua.
Thaum cov vapor unsaturated tshwm nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov kua, cov txheej txheem ntawm nws qhov kev tsim ua sai dua thiab yeej dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem rov qab (raws li peb tau hais lawm, nws yog hu ua condensation). Thiab yog li ntawd, cov kua yuav maj mam ua tsawg thiab tsawg.
Tam sim no xav txog dab tsi saturated steam yog.
Saturated steam
Saturated steam yog hu ua thaum nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo sib npaug nrog cov kua uas nws tau txais. Cias muab, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, evaporation sib npaug condensation, thiab tsis zoo li qhov teeb meem nrog unsaturated chav, tus nqi ntawm cov kua yuav nyob twj ywm unchanged. Tam sim no peb paub tias chav dej yog dab tsi thiab nws hom.
Yog tias, piv txwv li, koj ntim cov vapor uas nyob hauv qhov sib npaug nrog nws cov kua, ces qhov nyiaj tshuav no yuav maj mam ploj mus, thiablub condensation yuav dhau los ua nruj heev kom txog rau thaum, vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv roj, qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug yog rov qab los dua.
Zoo ntawm cov kua, dynamic equilibrium nrog vapor tshwm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm nws qhov ntom. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias tag nrho cov tshuaj muaj ib tug sib txawv zog ntawm intermolecular attraction.
Thiab feem ntau cov neeg feem ntau nkag siab lo lus no yog lub xeev gaseous ntawm dej uas paub txhua leej txhua tus. Yog tias koj saib hauv phau ntawv encyclopedia, koj tuaj yeem pom cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm chav: qhov tsis muaj xim, tsw thiab tau txais, qhov tseeb, los ntawm dej.
Peb txhua tus tau pom dua, txawm hais tias nws yog dej npau npau rau kev ua noj lossis ua kom cov dej ntws tawm ntawm cov pa taws kub tom qab los nag. Tab sis yog tias koj xav txog nws thiab nco ntsoov lub sijhawm ntawm kev lag luam thiab thev naus laus zis kiv puag ncig, nws pom tseeb tias chav dej yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub neej. Lub physics ntawm qhov tshwm sim no yog xws li hais tias lub gaseous xeev ntawm cov dej nyob ib lub ntim kaum npaug ntau dua nws cov thawj kua daim ntawv. Nws yog qhov kev soj ntsuam no uas ib zaug tau muab lub zog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis.
Nws tag nrho pib nrog thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab tom qab me ntsis, "tus kheej-propelled" lub laub, raws li cov tsheb nrog cov cav no tau hu ua. Tab sis cov tsheb zoo li no tau raug coj mus ua haujlwm rau lub sijhawm ntev heev, muaj kev ceev ceev thiab kev tuav tsis zoo. Txhua yam hloov pauv tsuas yog nrog kev tsim khoom ntawm chav locomotives.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, dej kuj yog qhov ua kom txias thiab siv ntau lub tshuabcua txias, thiab yog tias lawv lub voj voog tsis raug kaw, ces chav kuj tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog coj mus rau ib tug gaseous lub xeev, tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv lub primitive xyaw, tab sis nyob rau hauv nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, qhov twg turbines ntawm hluav taws xob generators yog tig los ntawm chav.
evaporated dej kuj tseem ceeb heev hauv kev nyab xeeb. Tau nce mus rau qhov siab qhov twg qhov kub thiab txias qis dua, cov chav condenses thiab ntog rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nag. Daus zoo ib yam nkaus.
Zoo kawg, lawv ua zaub mov noj thiab noj qab nyob zoo rau ob peb tug.
Raws li cov xwm txheej zoo, cov chav ua pos huab nyob ze ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Tam sim no peb paub tias qhov cub yog dab tsi thiab nws tshwm sim li cas.
