Sergey Lebedev raug suav hais tias yog tus tsim qauv thiab tsim tawm ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tsev. Nws qhov kev pab cuam rau cov ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog piv nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm Korolev hauv foob pob hluav taws thiab Kurchatov hauv kev tsim riam phom nuclear. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb, nws tau ua haujlwm hauv kev qhia thiab cob qhia ntau tus tub ntxhais hluas kws tshawb fawb hauv ntiaj teb muaj npe nrov.
Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev yug rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2, 1902. Nws txiv, Alexei Ivanovich, tau kawm tiav kev qhuas los ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov menyuam ntsuag thiab ib tug kws qhia ntawv lub koom haum, qhia nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Rodniki, Ivanovo-Voznesensk xeev. Sergei Lebedev niam, Anastasia Petrovna, yog ib tug poj niam muaj koob muaj npe. Nws tso nws tej vaj tse nplua nuj los ua xib hwb.
Sergey muaj peb tus viv ncaus, ib tus, Tatyana, yog tus kws kos duab nto moo hauv ntiaj teb. Cov niam txiv ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau sim ua tus qauv rau lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov menyuam yaus. Tej yam zoo xws li kev mob siab rau, kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev ncaj ncees tau muab tso rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm kev kawm. Muaj ntau phau ntawv hauv Lebedevs lub tsev, thiab cov menyuam yaus tau txais kev hlub rau kev ua yeeb yam, suab paj nruag thiab lus dab neeg.
NyiamSergei cov dej num thaum yau yog ua luam dej, suab paj nruag, nyeem ntawv, chess thiab ntoo, uas nws txiv ntxawm qhia nws. Txawm li ntawd los, nws nyiam siv hluav taws xob engineering - nws ua lub dynamo, lub tswb hluav taws xob, lub thawv Leyden.
Tom qab kev tawm tsam xyoo 1917, ib tsev neeg ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv raug hloov ntawm ib lub nroog mus rau lwm qhov. Nyob rau hauv 1919, Sergei tsiv mus rau Moscow nrog nws txiv, uas yog entrusted nrog lub koom haum ntawm zus tau tej cov transparencies rau kev kawm thiab propaganda lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv 1921, S. A. Lebedev xeem dhau qhov kev xeem nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm thiab tau txais mus rau lub Moscow State Technical University. N. E. Bauman.
Studying at the institute
Nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais kawm xyoo, tus kws tshawb fawb hluas nyiam ua kis las: nws mus rau roob, caij ski, thiab kayak. Kev ua neej nyob tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev tshawb fawb - hauv nws txoj haujlwm kawm tiav, nws tsim qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj hauv ib qho system uas cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg tsim hluav taws xob nyob ntawm qhov deb heev.
Nov yog nws thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb loj, ua haujlwm tau siv 2 xyoos. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 26 xyoo, tau tiv thaiv nws daim ntawv kawm tiav ntawm Moscow Higher Technical School, nws tau los ua tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij hauv qhov teeb meem no.
Ua hauj lwm hauv lub xyoo ua ntej tsov rog
Sergey Lebedev txoj haujlwm pib nrog kev qhia hauv Moscow Higher Technical School. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm All-Union Electrotechnical Institute (VEI). Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj ua, ib chav kuaj tshwj xeeb tau tsim, uas tus kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm cov ncauj lus xaiv. Nws nyuaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias thaum tsimqaum qaum zog daim phiaj yuav tsum tau complex xam. Qhov no tau ua rau tus kws tshawb fawb hluas los tsim cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tshawb nrhiav cov txheej txheem tshiab rau kev suav lawv hom kev ua haujlwm.
Hauv xyoo 1935, Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev tau txais lub npe ntawm tus xibfwb. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws tus kws kho mob dissertation, uas nws tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv 1939, yog ib tug tshiab txoj kev xav ntawm sustainability ntawm lub zog systems. Xyoo 1939-1940. Nws koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau koom nrog kev tsim cov cuab yeej siv los daws qhov sib txawv sib npaug, thiab tom qab ntawd pib tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob raws li tus lej binary system.
Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj
Xyoo 1941, Lebedev tau koom nrog cov neeg ua tub rog, vim nws tsis raug rau tub rog vim muaj hnub nyoog. Nws tsis raug tso cai mus rau pem hauv ntej, thiab VEI raug tshem tawm mus rau Sverdlovsk. Cov haujlwm tau hloov mus rau cov ntsiab lus tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, tus kws tshawb fawb tau paub txog aerodynamics thiab pib tsim lub tsev dav hlau torpedoes, nrog rau lub kaw lus kom ruaj khov ntawm rab phom tank thaum lub sij hawm aiming.
Zoo li txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm VEI, thaum lub caij ntuj no Sergey Alekseevich ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw txiav. Thaum lub sij hawm khiav tawm, tsev neeg Lebedev nyob rau hauv kev txom nyem: lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib tug tos chav tsev, cov me nyuam feem ntau mob. Xyoo 1943, thaum qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Nazi rau Moscow tau dhau mus, lub koom haum raug xa rov qab mus rau lub peev.
Nrog Lebedev txuas ntxiv nws cov kev qhia thiab kev tshawb fawb. Xyoo 1943 nws tau raug tsa los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Hluav Taws XobMoscow Power Engineering Institute, thiab nyob rau hauv 1944 - lub taub hau ntawm Central Design Bureau of Electric Drives thiab Automation. Xyoo 1945, tus kws tshawb fawb tau raug xaiv los ua tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm Ukrainian SSR.
Txoj kev mus rau lub computer
Xyoo 1945, tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua thawj zaug los npaj ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab digital. Tab sis cov thawj coj ntawm Central Committee ntawm All-Union Communist Party ntawm Bolsheviks tsis coj Sergei Lebedev lub tswv yim tiag. Raws li kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov neeg paub, nws tau hais kom tsiv mus rau Kyiv thiab ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Lub Zog, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm txoj haujlwm no.
Xyoo 1947, lub tsev haujlwm no tau muab faib ua ob lub koom haum - thermal power engineering thiab hluav taws xob engineering. S. A. Lebedev los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tom kawg. Ntawm no nws thaum kawg teeb tsa lub chaw kuaj mob rau kev daws teeb meem ntsig txog kev siv hluav taws xob.
Txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov kab hluav taws xob Kuibyshev, tus kws tshawb fawb tau ib txhij tsim cov hauv paus ntawm binary tooj system, tab sis vim yog tsov rog nws yuav tsum cuam tshuam nws txoj kev tshawb fawb. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tsis muaj computers hauv ntiaj teb no. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 1942 uas Atanasov lub computer tau sib sau ua ke hauv Asmeskas, tsim los daws cov kab ke ntawm cov kab sib npaug yooj yim. Lebedev tuaj rau nws txoj kev daws teeb meem ntawm nws tus kheej, yog li nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua tus tho kev siv tshuab computer hauv tsev. Yog tias tsis yog tsov rog, thawj lub khoos phis tawj tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv Russia.
BESM thiab MESM - loj thiab me hluav taws xob suav tshuab
Xyoo 1949, S. A. Lebedev pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim MESM. Nws tau xeeb los ua ib qho layout nrog ib tug sawv cev ntawm cov zauv nrog ib tug taag, thiab tsisntab taw tes, txij li qhov kev xaiv tom kawg coj mus rau qhov nce ntawm cov khoom ntim los ntawm 30%. Thaum pib, nws tau txiav txim siab nres ntawm 17 tus lej binary, tom qab ntawd lawv tau nce mus rau 21.
Thawj lub voj voog tau cumbersome, thiab ntau cov nodes yuav tsum tau reinvented, txij li cov qauv siv phau ntawv ntawm circuitry ntawm cov khoom siv digital tsuas tsis muaj nyob rau thaum ntawd. Cov tswv yim tsim nyog tau nkag mus rau hauv phau ntawv sau tseg. Vim tsis muaj nyiaj txiag, tsev neeg hluav taws xob teeb tau teeb tsa hauv lub tsheb. Kev debugging ntawm MESM mus ncig lub moos, thiab Lebedev nws tus kheej ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua rau 20 teev. Xyoo 1951, thawj lub khoos phis tawj ua haujlwm hauv USSR thiab Europe tau tsim. Nws tuaj yeem ua 3000 kev ua haujlwm ib feeb, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau nyeem los ntawm daim npav xuas nrig. Thaj chaw nyob ntawm lub tsheb yog 60 m2.
Tam sim no txij li xyoo 1951, MESM tau siv los daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab theoretical hauv thaj chaw davhlau, tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem thermonuclear. Rau Lebedev, lub creation ntawm lub tshuab no tsuas yog ib tug stepping pob zeb ntawm txoj kev mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm BESM. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo yog 2-3 npaug siab dua li ntawm MESM, thiab xyoo 1953 nws tau los ua lub khoos phis tawj tsim tau tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. BESM tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov lej ntab, thiab tus lej yog 39.
Nyob rau xyoo 1953, Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev tau raug xaiv los ua tus kws tshaj lij ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau raug tsa los ua tus thawj coj ntawm ITMiVT (Lub Tsev Haujlwm Zoo Mechanics thiab Computer Technology), uas nws ua haujlwm yuav luag txog thaum nws tuag.
Kev txhim kho ntxiv
Ua raws MESM thiab BESM, Lebedev tsimCov tshuab hluav taws xob ntau dua (BESM-2 - BESM-6, M-20, M-40, M-50, 5E92b, 5E51, 5E26). Qee tus ntawm lawv tau siv rau hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab chaw lag luam. M-20, tsim siv semiconductors, tau los ua tus qauv rau cov khoom tsim tawm BESM-4.
Xyoo 1969, Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev, kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, tau muab txoj haujlwm nyuaj rau lub sijhawm ntawd: tsim lub khoos phis tawj nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm 100 lab kev ua haujlwm ib ob. Tsis muaj analogues nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo li no txawm nyob txawv teb chaws. Tus kws tshawb fawb hu nws txoj haujlwm los tsim lub khoos phis tawj super-productive "Elbrus", hauv kev nco txog ntawm qhov ua siab tshaj tau kov yeej nws cov hluas.
Thawj kauj ruam ntawm lub hom phiaj yog Elbrus-1 lub computer, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb xyoo 1979. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tseem nyob deb ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua - yuav luag 7 zaug tsawg dua. Qhov kev hloov kho thib ob uas ua raws li nws tau pom tias twb tau 1.25 npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrawm dua li qhov xav tau. Lub computer Elbrus, kev txhim kho ntawm Soviet engineers, yog 14 xyoo ua ntej ntawm thawj superscalar computer Pentium-I.
Tus kheej zoo
Cov txheeb ze thiab cov npoj yaig ntawm Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev tau sau tseg nws txoj kev ua siab zoo, kev coj ncaj ncees, kev ncaj ncees thiab ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv txhua yam: los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Nws yooj yim nrhiav tau ib hom lus nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab tau txais kev hwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav.
Tus kws tshawb fawb yeej tsis tau fawned ua ntej cov tub ceev xwm, thiab ib qho ntawm qhov qhia tau tseeb yog tias thaumnthuav qhia Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lenin hauv xyoo 1962, nws zaum ntawm Patriarch Alexy. Tsis muaj leej twg caw leej twg xav ua phem rau lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog lub taub hau ntawm pawg ntseeg.
Ntau tus phooj ywg ib txwm tuaj rau ntawm Lebedev lub tsev, ntawm lawv yog cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab ntaus nkauj. Nws yeej tsis so haujlwm los ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm, tab sis kawm hauv chav sib tham thaum tham nrog cov menyuam yaus.
Nrog nws tus poj niam yav tom ntej, 16-xyoo-laus cellist Alisa Shteinberg, Sergey Alekseevich tau ntsib xyoo 1927, thiab tom qab 2 xyoos lawv tau sib yuav. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau kho nws tus poj niam nrog kev hwm thiab hais nws li koj. Tom qab yug me nyuam thawj zaug - tus tub ntawm Serezha - Alisa Grigoryevna poob mob thiab tau mus rau lub tsev kho mob. Lebedev nws tus kheej saib xyuas tus menyuam thiab nqa nws ob zaug hauv ib hnub rau nws tus poj niam kom nws pub mis rau tus menyuam. Xyoo 1939, tus menyuam ntxaib Katya thiab Natasha tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg Lebedev, thiab xyoo 1950, ib tug tub txib, Yakov, tau tshwm sim.
Lebedev Sergey Alekseevich: khoom plig
Rau nws txoj haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig, tus kws tshawb fawb tau txais ntau yam khoom plig, suav nrog Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lub Cim Liab ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm, lub npe ntawm Hero of Socialist Labor, Lenin thiab State Prizes ntawm USSR thiab lwm yam.
Rau qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev tsim kho tshuab hluav taws xob hauv Soviet, Lebedev tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lenin 4 zaug hauv nws lub neej, thiab hauv 1996 (tom qab) nws tau txais txiaj ntsig Pioneer of Computer Technology medal.
Nco txog Sergei Alekseevich
Xyoo 1974, tom qab ntevmob, tus kws tshawb fawb tuag. Sergei Alekseevich tau faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas Novodevichy hauv Moscow. Tam sim no cov tshauv ntawm nws tus poj niam, uas tau ciaj sia nws tus txiv tsuas yog 5 xyoos, thiab nws tus tub kuj so.
Hauv Moscow, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo thiab Khoos Phis Tawj muaj npe tom qab S. A. Lebedev tseem ua haujlwm thiab cov kws tshaj lij kawm tiav. RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences) muab khoom plig rau lawv txhua xyoo. Lebedev rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm. Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Sergei Alekseevich, txoj kev kuj muaj npe nyob rau hauv nws lub zos - Nizhny Novgorod thiab nyob rau hauv Kyiv, qhov chaw uas nws ua hauj lwm.
