Cov menyuam yaus thawj zaug ntsib cov lus nug ntawm qhov tsis paub tseeb yog dab tsi hauv Lavxias hauv tsev kawm theem qis, kev kawm ntxaws ntxiv pib hauv qib tsib. Feem ntau mastering cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub ncauj lus no yog ib qho yooj yim, tab sis qee yam yuav nyuaj txawm rau ib tug neeg laus. Qhov twg? Xav txog kab lus no.
Dab tsi yog ib qho infinitive hauv Lavxias?
Tus infinitive yog indefinite lossis, raws li nws yog hu ua lwm txoj kev, thawj daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia. Nws muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tsis qhia nws, uas yog, nws tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm tus neeg, sijhawm, tus lej thiab lub siab xav.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm daim ntawv tsis paub meej ntawm cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab tau ntev muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg paub lus hauv tsev. Lub ntsiab lus classical ntawm kev pom yog tawm tsam los ntawm kev xav tias qhov infinitive yog ib feem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hais lus. Txawm li cas los xij, feem coob ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav tias qhov no yog cov qauv ntawm cov lus qhia.
Cov lus xaus "t" thiab "ti" ua raws li qhov qhia tau tseeb ntawm qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Qee qhov kev qhia ua rau lawv zoo li inflections. Lub ntsiab lus "t" yog tsim, nrog nwstag nrho cov lus qhia tshiab hauv Lavxias tau tsim nrog kev pab.
Nyob rau hauv ib pawg me me ntawm cov lus, qhov taw qhia ntawm qhov infinitive yog "ch" (pw, pab, saib xyuas, txiav), uas yog ib feem ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv derivative.
Morphological nta
Nws yooj yim to taub dab tsi yog qhov infinitive hauv Lavxias. Ntau qhov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv kev txiav txim siab ib feem ntawm kev hais lus ntawm thawj daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia.
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws yog lo lus hloov tsis tau. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws tsis muaj cov cim qhia tsis tu ncua uas yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus qhia: tus lej, poj niam txiv neej, tus neeg, nruj, lub siab.
Los ntawm cov yam ntxwv tas mus li ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg, cov pawg hauv qab no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas: nam, conjugation, reflexivity thiab transitivity.
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab hom thiab rov tshwm sim?
Qhov nam ntawm cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis kawg yuav ua tau zoo los yog tsis zoo tag nrho. Hauv thawj kis, tus infinitive muab cov lus teb rau lo lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas?" (hu nkauj, seev cev, nyeem, khawb, dai), hauv qhov thib ob - "Yuav ua li cas?" (caij, kos, saib, hu nkauj, ntxuav).
Recurrence yog qhov ua tsis tu ncua uas qhia tias qhov kev txiav txim yog qhia ntawm nws tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Lub formal indicator is the postfix "sya". Yog hais tias nws muaj nyob rau hauv lo lus, lub infinitive yog reflexive (da dej, txhawj, luag), yog tsis, nws yog irrevocable (sib tsoo, ntseeg, ua).
Txhais kev sib txuas
Lub infinitive tuaj yeemxa mus rau I lossis II conjugation, be heterogeneous los yog ib feem ntawm kev zam.
Verbs of I conjugation in the first form can end in "yat", "et", "ut", "at", "ot", "yt". II conjugation - tsuas yog ntawm "nws". Thaum hloov qhov infinitive rau cov neeg thiab cov lej, cov lus ntawm thawj hom muaj qhov xaus: -u (-u), -eat, -et, -em, -et, -ut (-yut). Qhov thib ob hom: -u (-u), -ish, -ite, -im, -it, -at (-yat).
Kev sib txuas ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg ntawm cov lus qhia hauv Lavxias yog txiav txim siab raws li tus qauv kev npaj, kev coj ua uas yuav zam kev ua yuam kev:
- Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tso qhov kev ntxhov siab rau hauv lo lus.
- Yog hais tias tus vowel ua ntej lub formal indicator of the infinitive is in a strong position, the conjugation is set according to it.
- Thaum nws tsis ntxhov siab, lo lus raug hloov los ntawm tib neeg thiab tus lej thiab pom tias tsab ntawv twg nyob rau qhov kawg.
Daim ntawv tsis paub meej ntawm hom heterogeneous suav nrog cov lus xws li "xav tau" thiab "khiav". Thaum hloov ntawm tus neeg thiab tus lej, ob hom kev xaus tuaj yeem pom.
Cov lus qhia "muab" thiab "noj" yog sib txuas ua ke tshwj xeeb. Lawv raug hu ua cais vim hais tias nyob rau hauv thawj tus neeg hais lus muaj qhov xaus uas tsis raug rau lwm lo lus.
Kev hloov pauv
Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tsis muaj hnub kawg yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lo lus los ua ke nrog cov khoom ncaj qha, uas tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm lub npe lossis lub npe:
- Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tsis muaj preposition.
- Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv genitive, yog tias muaj qhov qhia txog ib feemtag nrho lossis siv ua ke nrog qhov tsis zoo "tsis yog".
Functions of the infinitive in Russian
Lub qia ntawm infinitive ua raws li lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov lus tshiab: verbs thiab yav dhau los participles, zoo meej gerunds. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov ua haujlwm nkaus xwb.
Hauv Lavxias hauv kab lus, qhov tsis paub meej tuaj yeem yog tus tswv cuab:
- Predicate ("Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los hais tam sim ntawd").
- Subject ("Kev paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb rau ntau tus kws tshawb fawb").
- Ntxiv ("Vajntxwv kom coj tus qhua tuaj rau nws").
- Circumstance ("Tib neeg tuaj ntawm no los nrhiav lub neej zoo dua los ntawm ntau lub nroog").
- Kev txhais tsis sib xws ("Nws feem ntau muaj kev xav zoo ib yam - kom tawm haujlwm tho txawv").
Peb teb cov lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas yog infinitive nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab?". Thiab kuj tau txiav txim siab txog cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm lub ncauj lus no. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem yooj yim pom daim ntawv tsis paub meej ntawm cov lus qhia hauv kab lus, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim cov yam ntxwv morphological nws muaj. Qhov kev paub no yuav pab tsis tau tsuas yog siv cov infinitive kom raug, tab sis kuj kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev hauv kev tsim cov lus tom ntej.
