Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj muaj qhov pom tseeb, cov cim khoom siv. Cov khoom siv nto moo uas tau qhuas txog riam phom Lavxias thoob plaws ntiaj teb (T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam, Il-2 nres dav hlau, Pe-2 foob pob, PPSh phom phom phom) tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov loj, tsis tau muaj dua nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Cov ntawv luam uas tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua no tau coj lawv qhov chaw ntawm cov pedestals. Tab sis kuj muaj qhov yooj yim heev nyob rau hauv tsos, thiab los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias grandiose tiv thaiv txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv loj, uas tag nrho deserved kom muaj ib tug monument erected rau lawv. Anti-tank hedgehogs tuav rov qab ua ntej ntawm Nazi hordes tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov phom loj tiv thaiv tank thiab rab phom magpie, lossis zoo li, tau pab peb cov tub rog tua phom, ua ke nrog lawv.
1939. Teb chaws Europe tsis muaj hedgehogs
Hitler pib ua tsov rog nrog lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab Blitzkrieg cov lus qhuab qhia. Kev cuam tshuam sai ntawm cov tsheb thauj mus los, kev pab them nqi, "boilers" - qhov no yog thev naus laus zis los ntawm Nazis ntes feem ntau ntawm Tebchaws Europe, tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntev thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tshaj li Sudetenland lawv yuav tsum tau ntsibcov teeb meem, tab sis Czech tiv thaiv lub tank hedgehogs tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij, lawv tsuas yog txav mus deb thiab maj nrawm rau hauv qhov khoob uas tau tshwm sim. Cov German generals xav tias nyob rau hauv lub USSR lawv yuav muaj peev xwm tiv nrog lub luag hauj lwm teev los ntawm cov lus txib tsis phem dua. Ib qho kev xav tsis thoob txaus tos lawv.
"Funny" barrier
Thaum cov neeg tsav nkoj German thawj zaug pom peb cov khoom tiv thaiv lub tank hedgehogs, lawv tsis xav tsis thoob, thiab qee tus ntawm lawv txawm luag rau "cov neeg Russians ruam" uas xav tias lub nrig hlau ntawm Wehrmacht tuaj yeem nres lossis ntawm tsawg kawg ncua "nrog qhov no". Thiab qhov tseeb, qee qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke yooj yim, welded los ntawm kab teeb lossis cov ntsia hlau zoo tib yam, tsuas yog ib 'meter' siab lossis qis dua. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas qhov khoom tsis meej no los ntawm lub koob yees duab, cov Germans txiav txim siab tias nws yeej tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij, nws tseem tsis tau khawb rau hauv av. Ntawm no yog cov Czechs, cov, zoo li cov neeg nyob sab Europe tiag tiag, mus txog txoj haujlwm kom huv si, pob zeb tau siv rau hauv kev tsim lawv cov teeb meem, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis cuam tshuam nrog lawv txoj kev txav. Xav txog, cov thawj coj ntawm Panzerwaffe muab cov lus txib kom tawm tsam. Tsis ntev nws tau pom tseeb tias tsis yog txhua yam yooj yim heev…
German tanks
German tso tsheb hlau luam hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog (T-I, T-II thiab T-III) tau teeb. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv qhov hnyav tsis tshaj 21 tons, thiab tsis muaj cov ris tsho hauv qab. Thiab nyob rau hauv lawv tsim muaj ib tug tseem ceeb drawback - lub pem hauv ntej kis tau tus mob. Nws yog nws leej twg raug kev txom nyem feem ntau thaum ntaus anti-tank hedgehogs. Ib daim ntawm I-beam pierced cov hlau nyias ntawm hauv qab thiab rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem. Germanlub gearbox yog ib qho nyuaj thiab kim khoom. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub tank ib. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho … Qhov kev phom sij tseem ceeb nteg nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej txawv kiag li.
Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv lub tank hedgehog ua haujlwm
Nws yog qhov me me ntawm cov hlau "hedgehog" uas ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog tias nws loj dua, ces yuav muaj teeb meem tsawg dua. Nws so nws lub tsho tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws, tig rau thawj lub iav, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam, maj mam … Lub Soviet anti-tank hedgehogs strove, dov, nce mus rau hauv qab, rhuav tshem cov adhesion ntawm lem mus rau hauv av. Kev sim "tshem tawm" ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Hauv qab yog ripped qhib, roj pipeline yog to, lub gearbox yog jammed. Thiab tag nrho cov kev puas tsuaj no tsuas yog txiav txim siab tu siab, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd tsuas yog vim hais tias ntawm parapet nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, kev suav ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv tank tsis raug tua lossis cov neeg tua phom tsis ua haujlwm tawm qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv. qis kab rov tav seem ntawm armored hull. Ntawm no nws twb nyob ze rau lub detonation ntawm mos txwv, thiab roj av yog hais txog yuav flare. Koj yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm lub tsheb, thiab tom qab ntawd lub infantry cuam lub txim. Feem ntau, nws tsis txaus cov neeg yos hav zoov kom khib cov neeg tua hluav taws German thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.
"Asterisk" ntawm General Mikhail Lvovich Gorikker
Qhov tseeb, nws muaj lub hnub qub, thiab ntawm txhua qhov kev nrhiav, tus thawj coj. M. L. Gorikker tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Kyiv Tank Technical School. Tab sis nws nto moo rau lwm "hnub qub".
Gorikker yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug tub ceev xwm Lavxias tiag tiag, ob tug St. George's crosses tau txais nyob rau hauv German tsov rog paub tseeb tias nws tsis yog ntse xwb,tab sis kuj dared.
Tom qab German tawm tsam, cov lus nug ntawm riam phom tiv thaiv tank tam sim ntawd thiab tau tshwm sim. Cov kev xav tau yog qhov yooj yim, tab sis tawv: thev naus laus zis simplicity, muaj cov khoom tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm siab.
Ua ib tus kws tshaj lij engineers (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob armored tsheb), ML Gorikker tau ua ntau qhov kev suav, tom qab ntawd nws tau thov nws qhov kev tiv thaiv tank "hedgehog". Daim duab tau pom zoo, thaum Lub Xya Hli ob peb daim qauv tau tsim thiab sim ntawm qhov chaw sim. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm "cov hom phiaj" ntawm lub unloaded ntaus ntawv yog ua si los ntawm lub teeb Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam T-26 thiab BT-5, lawv yog superior rau lawv cov German counterparts (tshwj xeeb, lawv muaj ib tug zoo dua khiav iav thiab ib tug rear kis tau tus mob), tab sis. lawv tseem raug kev txom nyem ntau heev. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm Red Army, ib tug tshiab txhais tau tias ntawm combating yeeb ncuab armored tsheb, hu ua lub hnub qub Gorikker, tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog pem hauv ntej hu nws "Hedgehogs", pom tau tias, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev tshaj tawm lub npe intricate ntawm inventor. Tab sis tau txais tsis txaus, koj tseem yuav tau siv tau.
Tsev tsim khoom
Thaum Lub Xya Hli, tag nrho cov lag luam ntawm cov nroog pem hauv ntej (Odessa, Sevastopol, Kyiv thiab ntau lwm tus), uas muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, tau txais kev txiav txim los tsim cov khoom tiv thaiv tank hedgehogs. Txhua lub tshuab tsim cov tshuab ua tub rog, tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev ua haujlwm, muaj cov kws tshaj lij txaus.
thev naus laus zis yog qhov yooj yim, rau txhua "hedgehog" peb daim ntawm I-beam tsawg dua ib thiab ib nrab meters ntev yuav tsum tau. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias cov khoom no tau ua los ntawm cov hlau ruaj khov, tab sis feem ntau lawv siv cov hlua, tsheb ciav hlau lossisrailway, lawv ib txwm nyob ntawm tes.
Lawv yuav tsum tau welded lossis txwv tsis pub txuas ntxiv rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas, nrog rau kev siv qee yam quab yuam, cov khoom tiav tuaj yeem yob yam tsis muaj kev sib tsoo.
Sib ntaus sib tua
Kev siv tau zoo, nws tsis txaus kom paub yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv lub tank hedgehog, nws yuav tsum tau kawm qee yam ntawm kev siv riam phom tiv thaiv tank hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Ua ntej, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los nruab rau ntawm qhov chaw uas zoo sib xws, tab sis tsis nplua, txwv tsis pub nws yuav yooj yim txav nws mus nrog kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim (ib lub cable nrog nuv lossis voj, piv txwv). Cov av khov los yog asph alt zoo heev.
Thib ob, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb (thiab yuav tsum muaj ntau "hedgehogs", ib qho tsis daws ib yam dab tsi). Nws yuav tsum yog ib thiab ib nrab meters (rau thawj thiab thib ob) thiab ob thiab ib nrab - rau lub tom ntej no echelons. Raws li nyob rau hauv tej fortification, qhov ntau tiv thaiv loops, qhov zoo dua.
Thib peb, "hedgehogs" nyob rau hauv kab tuaj yeem txuas ua ke, tab sis kab tom ntej yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm yav dhau los.
Fourthly, kev siv cov hlau barbed yog undesirable. Lub mount yog tshwj xeeb rau nws.
Thib tsib, nws zoo dua rau kuv txoj hauv kev.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov cai yooj yim no hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub hauv ntej ua rau txo qis hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov txhais tau tias, nrog rau kev sim ua kom "Gorikker lub hnub qub" loj dua li cov lus qhia.
Los ntawm txoj kev, tus neeg tsim khoom, uas tuaj yeem hu ua tus ntse (rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev daws), muajlwm yam kev ua tau zoo, nws tau txais ntau yam khoom plig ntawm tsoomfwv ua ntej thiab tom qab tsov rog, suav nrog Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lenin. Thiab rau "hedgehogs" tsoomfwv tau muab lub koob yees duab FED rau nws.
Kev tsov rog txuas ntxiv mus, thiab qhov hloov pauv tau tos ntev tuaj, tom qab ntawd cov thawj coj hauv Soviet tsis xav txog kev tiv thaiv ntxiv lawm. Tsuas yog tawm tsam, thiab nyob rau txhua qhov chaw! Thiab tom qab ntawd kev ua tsov rog xaus yeej.
Memory
Ntau tus phab ej tuag rau ntawm lub tsev tsis muaj npe, npog lawv thaj av nrog lawv lub cev. Niaj hnub no muaj ib tug monument nyob rau hauv txhua txhua lub zos, lub zos los yog kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm qhov uas cov nteg nteg nteg nteg nteg nteg qe. Anti-tank hedgehogs tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev ntxeev siab ntawm txhua haiv neeg ntawm USSR, uas tau tswj hwm lub caj dab ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles uas qias neeg Nazi. Tam sim no lawv tuaj yeem ua kom loj thiab muab tso rau ntawm pedestals. Yog li ntawd lawv sawv zoo li cov tub txib uas ntsiag to, nco txog lub sij hawm hnyav.
Xyoo 1966, tsis deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Moscow, ntawm 23 mais ntawm txoj kev loj Leningrad, tau tsim ib qho chaw txawv txawv. Cov qauv loj heev stylized raws li kev tiv thaiv lub tank thaiv qhov taw tes ntawm qhov kev nce qib hauv German thiab plaub pawg tub rog sib koom ua ke, ua los ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm, hnub nyoog thiab txoj hmoo. Lub cim nco txog yog mob siab rau lub cim xeeb ntawm Muscovites uas tsis flinch hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lawv lub peev. Anti-tank hedgehogs nyob rau hauv Khimki yog ib qho ntawm ntau lub monuments uas qhuas txog peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nco txog. Gorikker's invention yog hlau. Tab sis nws tsis yog hlau xwb.
Thaum thim rov qab, Nazis sim sivSoviet "hedgehogs" rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Berlin thiab lwm lub nroog ntawm lub thib peb Reich. Lawv tsis pab lawv…
