Kev kawm ntawm tenses yog qhov dav tshaj plaws, tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv lus Askiv. Nws yog tas mus li thoob plaws hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab, txij li thawj theem ntawm kev kawm mus rau qib cuaj. Qhov thib ob hais txog qhov yooj yim tenses - "Present Simple", "Past Simple" thiab "Future Simple" (Tam sim no, yav dhau los, Yav tom ntej yooj yim).
Nrog txhua theem tshiab ntawm kev cob qhia, theem ntawm kev nyuaj nce ntxiv. Kab lus no yuav txheeb xyuas ob lub sijhawm uas tau kawm hauv nruab nrab - qhov no yog Present Perfect, Present Perfect Progressive. Lawv tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias li "Real Completed" thiab "Real Completed Continued". Kev tshawb xav thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm Present Perfect - ntau dua.
Present Perfect
Present Complete tense yog siv yogqhov kev txiav txim tau ua tiav los ntawm tam sim no, tab sis muaj qee qhov tshwm sim. Piv txwv li,
Kuv qhib tsis tau qhov rooj vim kuv poob kuv cov yuam sij
"Kuv tau plam kuv cov yawm sij" yog ib qho kev ua uas tshwm sim yav dhau los thiab tau xaus rau tam sim no, tab sis muaj qhov tshwm sim "Kuv qhib qhov rooj tsis tau". Yog li no, kab lus no yuav raug siv nyob rau hauv Tam Sim No Ua Tense (tsis yog yav dhau los).
Kuv poob kuv tus yuam sij
Tam sim no me ntsis txog yuav ua li cas lub sijhawm no tau tsim. Kom paub meej, daim duab me me:
Subject - have (has) - semantic verb in the 3rd form (lossis xaus -ed) - lwm qhov ntawm kab lus.
Tsis muaj cov lus qhia ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau ua rau cov lus nug thiab qhov tsis zoo. Hauv kab lus tsis zoo, cov khoom tsis yog ntxiv kom muaj (muaj). Qhov no tsis hloov lo lus txiav txim.
Raws li kab lus nug, tsuas yog lo lus txiav txim hloov. Yog li, lub tswv yim yuav txawv me ntsis:
Have (has) - subject - semantic verb in form 3 (lossis xaus -ed) - lwm qhov ntawm kab lus?
Examples:
- Kuv tau sau tsab xov xwm no rau peb lub rooj sib tham hnub no. - Kuv tau sau tsab xov xwm no rau peb lub rooj sib tham hnub no.
- Kuv tsis tau (tsis tau) sau tsab xov xwm no rau peb lub rooj sib tham hnub no. - Kuv tsis tau sau tsab xov xwm no rau lub rooj sib tham hnub no.
- Kuv puas tau sau tsab xov xwm no rau peb lub rooj sib tham hnub no? - Kuv puas tau sau tsab xov xwm no rau peb lub rooj sib tham hnub no?
Cov lus qhia txog Tam Sim No Ua tiav Tense:
- hnub no;
- tsis tau(tsis tau);
- just (tam sim no);
- twb (twb, tseem);
- yet (twb, tseem - siv tsuas yog hauv kev tsis lees paub thiab lus nug, tsis yog hauv kev lees paub).
Present Perfect: Exercises
Yuav kom paub lub ntsiab lus, koj yuav tsum ua kom tiav qhov kev tawm dag zog:
Ua qhov tsis zoo thiab nqe lus nug raws li cov kab lus lees paub. Txhais lawv ua Russian:
- Kuv tsis tau mus rau St. Petersburg.
- Nws tau nyeem phau ntawv no, yog li nws npaj txhij mus xeem.
- Kuv tus hluas nraug tau npaj tseg rau peb so.
- Peb tau ua haujlwm rau qhov project no tag kis.
Kev sib piv rau lub sijhawm
Raws li ib qho khoom cais kuv xav hais txog cov kev tawm dag zog rau kev sib piv yav dhau los yooj yim thiab tam sim no Ua tiav tenses. Qhov tseeb yog tias feem ntau cov kev tsim kho no tsis meej pem, vim tias Present Perfect thaum muab txhais ua lus Lavxias yog txhais rau yav dhau los. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog tias muaj qhov qhia meej meej ntawm lub sijhawm (nag hmo, hnub ua ntej nag hmo, ob hnub dhau los, xyoo tas los, thiab lwm yam), ces Past Simple yog siv.
Yav dhau los Yooj Yim / Tam sim no kev ua haujlwm zoo meej:
Sib piv cov kab lus thiab txiav txim siab thaum twg lawv yuav muab txhais ua lus Lavxias. Txhais cov kab lus.
"Nag hmo kuv taug kev nrog kuv cov phooj ywg hauv lub tiaj ua si huab cua zoo nkauj, nag los nag thiab peb caij nkoj. Hnub no kuv pom tias kuv poob kuv cov yawm sij, Kuv nrhiav tsis tau qhov twg. m ntshai kuv niam yuav cog lus."
Present Perfect Progressive
Tse no siv,thaum qee qhov xwm txheej lossis kev nqis tes ua tau pib yav dhau los, txuas ntxiv rau qee lub sijhawm, tab sis tseem tsis tau xaus rau lub sijhawm tam sim no. Yog li, piv txwv li,
Kuv tau kawm lus Askiv txij thaum kuv tseem kaum
kab lus no yuav muab txhais ua lus Askiv nyob rau hauv Present Perfect Progressive, raws li kev kawm lus Askiv pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 10, kav tag nrho lub sij hawm no thiab tseem txuas ntxiv.
Kev tsim lub sijhawm no yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
Subject - have (has) - been - verb in form 4 (end -ing) - other parts of kab lus.
Kuv tau kawm Japanese txij li kaum xyoo
Indicator words: since (from), for (thaum).
Examples:
- Kuv tau tos kuv tus muam tau ob teev. - Kuv tau tos kuv tus muam tau ob teev lawm.
- Kuv niam tau tsaug zog tas hnub. - Kuv niam tau pw txhua hnub (thiab tseem pw tsaug zog).
- Megan tau nyeem phau ntawv no txij thaum sawv ntxov. - Megan tau nyeem phau ntawv no txij thaum sawv ntxov.
Present Perfect Progressive Exercises
Ua ib lo lus nug thiab qhov tsis zoo raws li cov lus pom zoo. Muab cov lus teb luv luv rau cov lus nug uas tau sau.
- Kuv tau saib TV txij thaum sawv ntxov. - Kuv tau saib TV txij thaum sawv ntxov.
- Kuv tus ntxhais tau mus kawm suab paj nruag txij thaum 5.
- Peb nyob ze hiav txwv tau 2 hlis. - Peb nyob ntawm hiav txwv tau ob lub hlis.
- Kuv tau tos nws ob teev. - Kuv tos nwstwb tau ob teev.
Cov ntaub ntawv theoretical saum toj no yuav pab txhua tus kom taug qab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kawm thiab ua lawv cov kab lus ua lus Askiv.
