Kaliningrad cheeb tsam yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv ntau yam. Qhov no yog lub westernmost kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab tsuas yog exclave nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov pej xeem ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad yog haiv neeg, thiab nws cov nroog muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb architecture nrog East Prussian kov.
cheeb tsam Kaliningrad yog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb thiab nthuav dav
Thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 7, 1946, thaj av Koenigsberg tau tsim. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab, nws tau txais nws lub npe niaj hnub. Qhov no yog ib qho amazing thiab muaj yeeb yuj cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, uas yog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, thaj av ntawd tsis muaj thaj av ib puag ncig nrog rau Russia. Nws ciam teb Poland nyob rau sab qab teb thiab Lithuania nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj. Los ntawm sab hnub poob, nws thaj chaw yog ntxuav los ntawm cov dej ntawm lub hiav txwv B altic txias. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm Kaliningrad cheeb tsam tsuas yog tshaj 15,000 square kilometers. Nov yog ib qho ntawm cov kev kawm tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias Federation.
Cov pej xeem ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad yog 976 txhiab tus neeg (raws li xyoo 2016). Qhov no cheeb tsam ntawm Russianyob ze tshaj plaws rau Tebchaws Europe, tsis yog tsuas yog thaj chaw, tab sis kuj yog lub hlwb. Lub architectural tsos ntawm cheeb tsam yog tsis muaj tsawg nthuav. Cov qub German architecture yog ua ke nrog cov tsev loj heev Soviet-era thiab niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab architecture.
Lub cheeb tsam Kaliningrad kuj zoo siab nrog nws qhov kev nplua nuj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb tab tom tham, ntawm chav kawm, txog amber. Cov cheeb tsam Lavxias suav txog li 90% ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tsim "fossil resin".
Tab sis lub ntuj tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj av tsis txwv rau amber ib yam nkaus. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kaliningrad cheeb tsam muaj tsuas yog cov dej khov-dawb chaw nres nkoj ntawm B altic Hiav Txwv, qhov ntev tshaj plaws xuab zeb ntog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no (tiv thaiv los ntawm UNESCO), lub phenomenal ntoo thuv hav zoov "Dancing Forest" intricately twisted ntoo trunks thiab ntau. nthuav ntau thiab txawv txawv.
History of the region
Rau lub sijhawm ntev thaj chaw no yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm East Prussia. Qhov tseeb no piav qhia txog ntau qhov "German" kab nyob rau hauv cov nroog thiab cov zos ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad niaj hnub: cib tsev teev ntuj, fortifications, qub paving pob zeb ntawm txoj kev, thiab lwm yam.
Tau ntau pua xyoo cov av no tau muab faib rau lawv tus kheej los ntawm Poles thiab Lithuanians, Germans thiab Russians. Hauv kev ua tsov ua rog tom qab xyoo 1945, raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm Y alta thiab Potsdam cov rooj sib tham, Amber Territory tau muab rau USSR. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 4, 1946, Koenigsberg thaum ub tau hloov npe hu ua Kaliningrad, thiab thaj av ntawd tau hu ua Kaliningrad.
Kev tsov rog ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cheeb tsam. Ib nrab ntawm nws txoj kev lag luam raug puas tsuaj. Kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv lub qub Koenigsberg raug rhuav tshem. Tag nrho cov kev nyuaj ntawm kev kho cov nroog thiab kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam tau poob rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet, los ntshav qhuav los ntawm kev ua tsov rog ntev.
Cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam Kaliningrad
Kev sib haum xeeb tom qab tsov rog ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad yog hu ua txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw loj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Soviet Union. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1940s, cov neeg los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman tuaj ntawm no en masse - los ntawm Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Armenia, Uzbekistan. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws German raug ntiab tawm ntawm thaj av.
Thaum thawj peb xyoos tom qab tsov rog (los ntawm 1950 txog 1979) cov pejxeem ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad tau nce ob npaug. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam no ntawm lub teb chaws, txawm tias maj mam, tau nce zuj zus. Raws li demographers, los ntawm 2030 cov pej xeem ntawm cheeb tsam yuav kov yeej qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1 lab tus tib neeg.
Hnub no, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg nyob hauv thaj av Kaliningrad. Feem ntau ntawm lawv:
- Russians (82%);
- Ukrainians (3.5%);
- Belarusians (3.4%);
- Lithuanians (1%);
- Armenians (1%);
- Germans (tsawg dua 1%);
- Tatars (tsawg dua 1%).
Tshaj tawm kev tswj hwm-ib thaj tsam ntawm thaj av
Puas muaj pes tsawg tus thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam Kaliningrad? Cov cheeb tsam ntawm sab hnub poob tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias Federation sib txawv heev ntawm ib leeg ntawm cov cheeb tsam thiab cov pej xeem. Muaj 15 leej nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub nroog loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yogSlavsky (nrog lub chaw tswj hwm ntawm tib lub npe), thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yog Svetlogorsky.
Tus thawj tswj hwm-ib cheeb tsam ntawm thaj av kuj tseem muab faib rau hauv cov nroog ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam (muaj 6 nyob rau hauv tag nrho) thiab hauv nroog-hom chaw nyob (ib qho).
Lub nroog ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad
theem kev nroog hauv cheeb tsam no siab heev. Nws yog kwv yees li 77%. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 22 lub nroog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. Lub chaw tswj hwm ntawm cheeb tsam yog Kaliningrad, qhov twg yuav luag 60% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem hauv cheeb tsam nyob.
Lub nroog loj tshaj plaws ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad tau teev nyob rau hauv lub rooj (nrog cov npe qub thiab cov neeg nyob hauv):
| City | Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv ntau txhiab | |
| Kaliningrad | Kenigsberg | 459, 6 |
| Sovetsk | Tilsit | 40, 9 |
| Chernyakhovsk | Insterburg | 37, 0 |
| B altiysk | Pillau | 33, 2 |
| Gusev | Gumbinnen | 28, 2 |
| Lub teeb | Zimmerbude | 22,0 |
Hais txog kev ncig tebchaws, feem ntauCov nroog nthuav: Kaliningrad, B altiysk, Chernyakhovsk, Pravdinsk, Neman, Zelenogradsk.
Kaliningrad yog lub ntiaj teb nto moo rau nws Amber Tsev khaws puav pheej, lub qhov ntxa ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Kant, nrog rau ntau lub fortifications. Pravdinsk, Zheleznodorozhny, Chernyakhovsk thiab Sovetsk nyiam cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi nrog kev tsis zoo ntawm German architecture, Neman thiab B altiysk - nrog rau lawv cov keeb kwm monuments ntau heev. Lub nroog ntawm Svetlogorsk thiab Zelenogradsk yog cov chaw so tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av Kaliningrad.
