Yog tias koj xav paub tias gypsum yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum paub tias nws yog cov ntxhia hauv cov chav kawm ntawm sulfates. Ob hom ntawm cov khoom no paub, ib tug yog hu ua fibrous, thiab lwm yam yog hu ua granular. Qhov kawg yog alabaster.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Gypsum muaj ib lo lo ntxhuav los yog vitreous luster, qhov qub uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam fibrous. Cleavage yog zoo meej nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia. Cov khoom yog muab faib ua nyias nyias. Xim tuaj yeem yog:
- reddish;
- grey;
- white;
- xim av;
- yellowish.
Fibrous ntau yam muab cov pob txha tawg. Cov khoom siv ceev yog 2.3g / cm3. Cov mis mos gypsum yog raws li nram no: CaSO4 2H2O. Kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov khoom yog loj heev.
khoom thiab ntau yam
Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2.4g / cm 3. Gypsum yog tuab heev, nws tuaj yeem ua granular thiab foliated, nrog rau fibrous. Qee tus menyuam ntxaib zoo li tus dovetail. Nws yog qee zaum tsis meej pem nrog anhydride, uas muaj qhov nruab nrab hardness.
Thaum koj kawm cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog gypsum,Koj yuav pom tias thaum cua sov, cov khoom hloov mus rau CaSO4•1/2•H2O. Qhov ntsuas kub yog 107 ° C. Thaum wetted nrog dej, nws hardens thiab seizes, thiab dissolves nyob rau hauv hydrochloric acid.
Hnub no, 3 ntau yam tau paub, ntawm lawv:
- selenite;
- "marino iav";
- alabaster.
thawj zaug yog cov koob sib npaug thiab muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj. Pob tshab tuab daim ntawv yog "marino iav". Painted fine-grained yuav ua tau alabaster.
Daim ntawv thov
Selenite, uas yog fibrous, yog siv rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub pheej yig. Tab sis cov loj yog raws li alabaster, uas tau siv txij thaum ancient sij hawm. Cov khoom siv raw yog churned. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom sab hauv, suav nrog:
- inkwells;
- countertops;
- vases.
Yog tias koj txaus siab rau lo lus nug ntawm seb gypsum yog dab tsi, ces koj yuav tsum paub: cov khoom siv yog siv rau hauv nws daim ntawv nyoos raws li cov chiv, nrog rau kom tau txais glazes, enamels thiab pleev xim rau hauv kev lag luam thiab cov pulp thiab ntawv kev lag luam.
Cov khoom raug rho tawm haujlwm yog siv rau kev nrum thiab castings. Nws tuaj yeem yog cornices thiab bas-reliefs. Hauv kev siv tshuaj thiab kev tsim kho, cov khoom siv ua ib qho kev sib khi. Ntau yam ntom ntom ua rau cov khoom siv ornamental.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog daim ntawv thov
Gypsum yog lub pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig thiab siv dav hauv kev tsim kho. Millennia dhau los, nws tau sau tseg tiasnyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug rauj, nws pab mus tua av salinization. Cov pob zeb no tau mined hauv karst qhov tsua. Txij thaum ub los txog niaj hnub no, gypsum tau siv rau hauv av kom nce qoob loo.
Nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws, nws yog tus ua mov noj. Tag nrho lub nroog tau tsim los ntawm plaster. Crystal blocks tau saws tawm ntawm nws, uas mus rau kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa. Lub pob zeb dawb ci dazzlingly nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom txawm tias niaj hnub no, thaum tsuas yog cov ruins ntawm cov nroog qub.
Sculptors thoob plaws ntiaj teb ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj cov pob zeb no. Nws yog pheej yig, hnyav me ntsis thiab yog yooj yim los lis. Txaus siab rau cov neeg pleev kob, plasterers, traumatologists thiab papermakers.
Keeb Kwm
Yog tias koj tab tom sim nkag siab tias gypsum yog dab tsi, ces koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog nws keeb kwm. Cov pob zeb no muaj ob peb hom, txoj kev tsim ntawm uas txawv. Nyob rau hauv ib co deposits, ib tug mineral yog mined, uas yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm marine sediment. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, gypsum tau tsim thaum ntau lub pas dej qhuav. Cov ntxhia tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm ib txwm muaj leej faj thiab los ntawm huab cua ntawm nws cov tebchaw. Cov kev tso nyiaj hauv qhov no tej zaum yuav kis tau nrog cov pob zeb tawg thiab av nplaum.
Nyiaj
Tom qab nyeem cov lus piav qhia ntawm gypsum, koj yuav tsum tau kawm txog cov nyiaj tso nyiaj tseem ceeb uas pom nyob hauv txhua lub teb chaws. Lavxias teb sab kev loj hlob yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Caucasus thiab lub Urals. Cov mineral yog mined nyob rau hauv roob roob ntawm America thiab Asia. Tebchaws Meskas yog tus yeej plasterntau lawm. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tso nyiaj hauv ko taw ntawm Alps.
Specifications
Cov pob zeb tau piav qhia muaj cov qauv zoo nkauj zoo-grained. Hauv ib daim ntawv xoob xoob, qhov ceev tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 850 txog 1150 kg / cm3. Thaum compacted, qhov ntsuas no nce mus txog 1455 kg / cm3. Tau paub txog cov lus piav qhia ntawm gypsum, koj yuav tau them sai sai rau ib qho ntawm nws qhov zoo, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv ceev hardening thiab teeb. Thaum thib plaub tom qab sib tov cov tshuaj, thawj theem ntawm ziab pib, thiab tom qab ib nrab teev cov khoom hardens.
Npaj gypsum mortar yuav tsum tau noj tam sim. Txhawm rau qeeb qhov teeb tsa, cov kua nplaum uas muaj dej-soluble tsiaj yog ntxiv rau cov khoom xyaw. Ntawm cov khoom ntawm gypsum, lub melting point yuav tsum txawv. Cov khoom tuaj yeem ua kom sov txog 700 ° C yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Gypsum cov khoom yog cov hluav taws kub resistant. Lawv pib tawg tsuas yog 6 teev tom qab raug qhov kub thiab txias.
Lub zog ntawm gypsum kuj tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Thaum lub sij hawm compression, qhov ntsuas no yuav txawv ntawm 4 mus rau 6 MPa. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom siv muaj zog, ces nws ncav cuag 40 MPa thiab tej zaum yuav tshaj qhov nqi no. Hauv cov qauv zoo qhuav, lub zog yog 3 npaug ntau dua. Cov ntxhia ua raws li lub xeev cov qauv 125-79. Nws muaj cov thermal conductivity, uas yog sib npaug rau 0.259 kcal / mdeg / teev. Qhov ntsuas kub hauv qhov no yog sib npaug ntawm qhov txwv ntawm 15 txog 45 ° C.
Dawb gypsum yaj hauv dej hauv qhov me me:
- Ntawm 0 ° C ib liter tauyaj 2, 256
- Yog qhov kub nce mus txog 15 ° C, qhov solubility nce mus rau 2.534g
- Qhov no nce mus rau 2.684g ntawm 35 ° C.
Yog tias muaj cua sov ntxiv, qhov solubility txo qis.
Kev piav qhia, qhov dav thiab cov khoom ntawm lub tsev gypsum
Yog tias peb piv gypsum nrog rau lwm cov binders, ces thawj tus muaj qhov dav ntawm kev siv. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem txuag ntawm lwm yam khoom. Kev tsim kho ntau yam yog siv hauv kev tsim cov gypsum qhov chaw, thaum ua haujlwm plaster thiab tsim cov khoom faib.
Gypsum mortar yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm sai heev. Lub sij hawm pib polymerization tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 8 mus rau 25 feeb tom qab sib tov cov tshuaj. Qhov kawg tus nqi nyob ntawm ntau yam. Thaum lub sijhawm pib hardening, cov ntxhia nce txog 40% ntawm lub zog kawg. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, dawb gypsum tsis them nrog cov kab nrib pleb, yog li nws muaj peev xwm tsis kam txais ntau cov aggregates thaum sib tov cov tshuaj nrog cov txiv qaub muaj pes tsawg leeg. Kev tsim kho ntau yam txo cov kev siv zog thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm.
Siv thiab cov khoom ntawm lub zog siab thiab polymer gypsum
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntau lub zog muaj zog zoo ib yam li kev tsim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, tom kawg muaj cov pob zeb me me. High-lub zog muaj coarse hais, yog li nws muaj tsawg porosity thiab siab zog. Cov khoom no tau txais los ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm gypsum pob zeb nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mobnruj.
Qhov chaw siv yog kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Los ntawm cov ntxhia muaj zog muaj zog, cov pwm yog tsim rau kev tsim cov khoom faience thiab porcelain. Hom polymer tseem hu ua hluavtaws thiab paub ntau dua rau orthopedic traumatologists. Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, cov ntaub qhwv plaster yog tsim los siv cov ntaub qhwv rau pob txha. Tab sis qhov Scope ntawm gypsum tsis yog qhov zoo xwb, ntawm lwm tus nws yuav tsum tau qhia:
- easy overlay;
- moisture resistance;
- hnyav hnyav dua li cov cam khwb cia.
In xaus
Gypsum mis yuav tsum paub rau koj yog tias koj txaus siab rau cov ntxhia no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txaus siab rau lwm yam khoom, nrog rau ntau yam. Ntawm lwm tus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia txog cov molding, sculptural thiab cellacast.
Cov tom kawg yog siv los ua cov ntaub qhwv, thiab cov qauv tso cai rau cov khoom kom ncav cuag txhua qhov kev qhia. Lub zog siab tshaj plaws yog sculptural gypsum, uas tsis muaj impurities. Ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov gypsum dawb, nws cov dawb huv tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv.
