Qhov kev tsis sib xws yog kev daws teeb meem. System ntawm linear inequalities

Cov txheej txheem:

Qhov kev tsis sib xws yog kev daws teeb meem. System ntawm linear inequalities
Qhov kev tsis sib xws yog kev daws teeb meem. System ntawm linear inequalities
Anonim

Kev tsis sib xws thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsis sib xws yog ib qho ntawm cov ncauj lus uas tau qhia hauv high school algebra. Hais txog qhov nyuaj, nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, vim nws muaj cov cai yooj yim (txog lawv me ntsis tom qab). Raws li txoj cai, cov menyuam kawm ntawv kawm txog kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib xws yooj yim heev. Qhov no kuj yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov kws qhia ntawv tsuas yog "qhia" lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov ncauj lus no. Thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no, vim tias nws tau kawm yav tom ntej nrog kev siv lwm cov lej lej, thiab tseem raug kuaj xyuas OGE thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev. Nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis sib xws thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsis sib xws yog nyob rau hauv kom meej, yog li yog hais tias koj yuav mus kawm nws, ces nws yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus siv rau lawv. Kab lus no tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam khoom thiab tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov tsis raug.

kev tsis sib xws
kev tsis sib xws

Lub tswvyim ntawm kev tsis sib xws

Yog tias peb tig mus rau cov lus tshawb fawb, peb tuaj yeem txhais lub tswvyim ntawm "systeminequalities” Qhov no yog cov qauv lej uas sawv cev rau ntau qhov tsis sib xws, tau kawg, tus qauv no yuav tsum muaj kev daws teeb meem, thiab nws yuav yog cov lus teb dav dav rau txhua qhov kev tsis sib xws ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tau hais hauv txoj haujlwm (feem ntau nws yog sau li no, rau Piv txwv li: "Tau qhov system ntawm kev tsis sib xws 4 x + 1 > 2 thiab 30 - x > 6… ").

kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib xws
kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib xws

Y

Systems of inequalities and systems of equations

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm ib lub ntsiab lus tshiab, kev to taub yuam kev feem ntau tshwm sim. Ntawm ib sab, txhua yam yog qhov tseeb thiab kuv xav pib daws cov haujlwm, tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, qee lub sijhawm tseem nyob hauv "duab ntxoov ntxoo", lawv tsis nkag siab zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov ntawm cov kev paub uas twb tau txais lawm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov tshiab. Kev ua yuam kev feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov sib tshooj no.

daws qhov system ntawm kev tsis sib xws
daws qhov system ntawm kev tsis sib xws

Yog li ntawd, ua ntej mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm peb lub ncauj lus, peb yuav tsum nco qab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab qhov tsis sib xws, lawv cov tshuab. Yuav kom ua tau li no, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom meej ib zaug ntxiv tias cov tswv yim lej no yog dab tsi. Ib qho kev sib npaug ib txwm yog qhov sib npaug, thiab nws yeej ib txwm sib npaug rau ib yam dab tsi (hauv kev lej, lo lus no yog qhia los ntawm kos npe "="). Kev tsis sib xws yog tus qauv uas ib tus nqi ntau dua lossis tsawg dua lwm tus, lossis muaj cov lus lees paub tias lawv tsis zoo ib yam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, nws yog tsim nyog los hais txog kev sib npaug, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, txawm yuav pom tseeb npaum li cas nws yuav sound los ntawmlub npe nws tus kheej, hais txog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thawj zaug. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib npaug thiab kev tsis sib xws xyaum tsis txawv ntawm ib leeg thiab cov txheej txheem rau lawv cov kev daws teeb meem yog tib yam. Qhov txawv tsuas yog qhov qub siv qhov sib npaug thaum kawg siv qhov tsis sib xws.

Yam kev tsis sib xws

Muaj ob hom kev tsis sib xws: tus lej thiab nrog qhov tsis paub sib txawv. Thawj hom yog muab qhov tseem ceeb (tus lej) uas tsis sib npaug rau ib leeg, piv txwv li, 8 > 10. Hom thib ob yog qhov tsis sib xws uas muaj qhov tsis paub sib txawv (qhia los ntawm qee tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Latin, feem ntau X). Qhov kev hloov pauv no yuav tsum pom. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus, tus qauv lej sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws nrog ib qho (lawv tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov tsis sib xws nrog ib qho sib txawv) lossis ntau qhov sib txawv (lawv ua ib qho kev sib npaug nrog ntau qhov sib txawv).

system ntawm linear inequalities
system ntawm linear inequalities

Qhov kawg ob hom, raws li qib ntawm lawv cov kev tsim kho thiab theem ntawm kev daws teeb meem, muab faib ua yooj yim thiab nyuaj. Cov yooj yim kuj hu ua linear inequalities. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib ua nruj thiab tsis nruj. nruj me ntsis "hais" tias ib qho nqi yuav tsum tsawg dua los yog ntau dua, yog li qhov no yog qhov tsis sib xws. Muaj ob peb yam piv txwv: 8 x + 9 > 2, 100 - 3 x > 5, thiab lwm yam. Cov tsis nruj kuj suav nrog kev sib npaug. Qhov ntawd yog, ib qho nqi yuav ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau lwm tus nqi (kos npe "≧") lossis tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau lwm tus nqi (kos npe "≦"). Tseem nyob hauv kabHauv kev tsis sib xws, qhov sib txawv tsis sawv ntawm lub hauv paus, square, tsis faib los ntawm txhua yam, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li hu ua "yooj yim". Cov uas tsis yooj yim suav nrog cov tsis paub sib txawv, qhov kev tshawb nrhiav uas yuav tsum tau ua lej ntau dua. Lawv feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib lub square, lub voos xwmfab los yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus, lawv yuav ua tau modular, logarithmic, fractional, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis txij li thaum peb txoj hauj lwm yog kom nkag siab txog cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib xws, peb yuav tham txog ib tug system ntawm linear inequalities. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej ntawd, ob peb lo lus yuav tsum tau hais txog lawv cov khoom.

Txoj kev tsis sib xws

Cov khoom ntawm kev tsis sib xws suav nrog cov kev cai hauv qab no:

  1. Daim paib tsis sib xws yog thim rov qab yog tias kev ua haujlwm hloov cov kab ke ntawm sab raug siv (piv txwv li, yog t1 ≦ t 2, then t 2 ≧ t1).
  2. Ob qhov ntawm qhov tsis sib xws tso cai rau koj ntxiv tus lej qub rau koj tus kheej (piv txwv li, yog t1 ≦ t2, ces t 1 + tooj ≦ t2 + tooj).
  3. Ob lossis ntau qhov tsis sib xws nrog cov cim ntawm tib qho kev coj ua tso cai rau koj ntxiv lawv sab laug thiab sab xis (piv txwv li, yog t1 ≧ t 2 , t3 ≧ t4, then t1 + t 3 ≧ t2 + t4).
  4. Ob qhov ntawm qhov tsis sib xws tso cai rau lawv tus kheej los muab faib lossis faib los ntawm tib tus lej zoo (piv txwv li, yog t1 ≦ t 2thiab tus lej ≦ 0, ces tus lej t1 ≧ tus lej t2).
  5. Ob lossis ntau qhov tsis sib xws uas muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab kos npe ntawm tib txoj kev tso caimuab sib npaug (piv txwv li, yog t1 ≦ t2, t3 ≦ t4, t1, t2, t3, t 4 ≧ 0 then t1 t3 ≦ t2 t4).
  6. Ob qho tib si ntawm qhov tsis sib xws tso cai rau lawv tus kheej los muab faib lossis faib los ntawm tib tus lej tsis zoo, tab sis cov cim tsis sib xws hloov pauv (piv txwv li, yog t1 ≦ t2 thiab tus lej ≦ 0, ces tus lej t1 ≧ tus lej t2).
  7. Txhua qhov tsis sib xws yog qhov hloov pauv (piv txwv li, yog tias t1 ≦ t2 thiab t2≦ t3, then t1 ≦ t3).
systems ntawm equations thiab inequalities
systems ntawm equations thiab inequalities

Tam sim no, tom qab kawm txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev xav hais txog kev tsis sib xws, peb tuaj yeem mus ncaj qha mus rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov cai los daws lawv cov kab ke.

Kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib xws. Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav. Solutions

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, kev daws teeb meem yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov sib txawv uas haum rau txhua qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov txheej txheem muab. Txoj kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib xws yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua lej uas thaum kawg ua rau kev daws teeb meem tag nrho lossis ua pov thawj tias nws tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem. Hauv qhov no, qhov sib txawv yog hais kom xa mus rau tus lej khoob (sau li hauv qab no: tsab ntawv qhia txog qhov sib txawv ∈ (kos npe "yuav tsum") ø (kos npe "teeb tsa"), piv txwv li, x ∈ ø (Nws tau nyeem zoo li no: "Qhov sib txawv "x" belongs rau lub khoob khoob") Muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev los daws cov kab ke ntawm kev tsis sib xws:graphical, algebraic, hloov txoj kev. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias lawv xa mus rau cov qauv lej uas muaj ntau yam tsis paub hloov pauv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tsuas muaj ib qho, txoj kev sib nrug yuav ua.

Graphic method

Tso cai rau koj los daws qhov tsis sib xws nrog ntau qhov tsis paub (los ntawm ob lossis ntau dua). Ua tsaug rau cov qauv no, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsis sib xws ntawm linear yog daws tau yooj yim thiab sai, yog li nws yog txoj hauv kev tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog vim plotting txo tus nqi ntawm kev sau lej ua haujlwm. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los so me ntsis los ntawm tus cwj mem, khaws cov cwj mem nrog tus pas ntsuas thiab ua haujlwm ntxiv nrog lawv cov kev pab thaum ua haujlwm ntau thiab koj xav tau ntau yam me me. Txawm li cas los xij, qee tus tsis nyiam txoj kev no vim qhov tseeb tias koj yuav tsum tau tawg tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm thiab hloov koj lub siab lub ntsws mus rau kev kos duab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev.

daws qhov tsis sib xws 3
daws qhov tsis sib xws 3

Yuav daws tau qhov kev tsis sib xws uas siv cov duab kos duab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hloov tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm txhua qhov tsis sib xws rau lawv sab laug. Cov paib yuav thim rov qab, xoom yuav tsum tau sau rau ntawm sab xis, ces txhua qhov tsis sib xws yuav tsum tau sau cais. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm yuav tau txais los ntawm kev tsis sib xws. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib lub cwj mem thiab tus pas ntsuas: tam sim no koj yuav tsum kos ib daim duab ntawm txhua qhov haujlwm tau txais. Tag nrho cov lej uas yuav nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm lawv qhov kev sib tshuam yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis sib xws.

Algebraic way

Tso cai rau koj los daws qhov kev tsis sib xws nrog ob qhov tsis paub sib txawv. Kev tsis sib xws kuj yuav tsum muaj cov cim tsis sib xws (uas yog, lawv yuav tsum muaj tsuas yog "ntau dua" kos npe, lossis tsuas yog "tsawg dua" kos npe, thiab lwm yam) Txawm hais tias nws muaj kev txwv, txoj kev no kuj nyuaj dua. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ob kauj ruam.

Thawj tus yuav tshem tawm ib qho ntawm qhov tsis paub hloov pauv. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum xaiv nws, tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas qhov muaj cov lej nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov hloov pauv no. Yog tias tsis muaj ib qho (tom qab ntawd qhov sib txawv yuav zoo li ib tsab ntawv), ces peb tsis hloov dab tsi, yog tias muaj (hom ntawm qhov sib txawv yuav yog, piv txwv li, 5y lossis 12y), ces nws yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb. tias nyob rau hauv txhua qhov tsis sib xws tus lej nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov kev xaiv sib txawv yog tib yam. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum muab txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm qhov tsis sib xws los ntawm qhov sib txawv, piv txwv li, yog tias 3y sau rau thawj qhov tsis sib xws, thiab 5y hauv qhov thib ob, ces koj yuav tsum muab tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm thawj qhov tsis sib xws los ntawm 5., thiab qhov thib ob los ntawm 3. Koj tau txais 15y thiab 15y, feem.

theem ob ntawm kev txiav txim siab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum hloov sab laug ntawm txhua qhov tsis sib xws rau lawv sab xis nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cim ntawm txhua lub sij hawm mus rau qhov tsis sib xws, sau xoom ntawm sab xis. Tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev lom zem: tshem tawm ntawm qhov kev xaiv sib txawv (lwm yam hu ua "txo") thaum ntxiv qhov tsis sib xws. Koj yuav tau txais qhov tsis sib xws nrog ib qho kev sib txawv uas yuav tsum tau daws. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum ua tib yam, tsuas yog nrog lwm yam tsis paub hloov pauv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov system.

Kev hloov pauv

Tso cai rau koj los daws qhov kev tsis sib xws thaum koj muaj sijhawm los qhia txog qhov hloov pauv tshiab. Feem ntau cov qauv no yog siv thaum qhov tsis paub qhov txawv txav hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm qhov tsis sib xws yog nce mus rau plaub lub zog, thiab lwm lub sij hawm nws yog squared. Yog li, txoj kev no yog txhawm rau txo qis qhov tsis sib xws hauv qhov system. Cov qauv tsis sib xws x4 - x2 - 1 ≦ 0 yog daws raws li hauv qab no. Ib qho kev hloov pauv tshiab tau qhia, piv txwv li t. Lawv sau tias: "Cia t=x2", ces tus qauv rov sau dua hauv daim ntawv tshiab. Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, peb tau txais t2 - t - 1 ≦0. Qhov kev tsis sib xws no yuav tsum tau daws los ntawm txoj kev ncua sij hawm (txog nws me ntsis tom qab), tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau qhov sib txawv X, tom qab ntawd ua tib yam nrog lwm qhov tsis sib xws. Cov lus teb tau txais yuav yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov system.

Interval method

Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj los daws cov kab ke ntawm kev tsis sib xws, thiab tib lub sijhawm nws yog thoob ntiaj teb thiab dav. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv high school, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv high school. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm tab tom nrhiav rau lub caij nyoog ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kab zauv, uas yog kos rau hauv phau ntawv sau (qhov no tsis yog daim duab, tab sis tsuas yog ib txoj kab ncaj nraim nrog cov lej). Qhov twg lub caij nyoog ntawm kev tsis sib xws sib tshuam, qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov system tau pom. Txhawm rau siv txoj kev sib nrug, ua raws cov kauj ruam no:

  1. Txhua tus tswvcuab ntawm txhua qhov tsis sib xws raug xa mus rau sab laug nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm kos npe rau qhov tsis sib xws (xoom sau rau sab xis).
  2. Kev tsis sib xws raug sau cais, kev daws teeb meem ntawm txhua tus yog txiav txim siab.
  3. Kev sib tshuam ntawm kev tsis sib xws ntawm tus lejncaj. Txhua tus lej ntawm cov kev sib tshuam no yuav yog kev daws teeb meem.

siv txoj kev twg?

Pom tseeb yog qhov uas zoo li qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws, tab sis muaj qee lub sijhawm thaum ua haujlwm xav tau ib txoj hauv kev. Feem ntau, lawv hais tias koj yuav tsum tau daws ob qho tib si siv daim duab lossis siv txoj kev ncua sij hawm. Cov txheej txheem algebraic thiab kev hloov pauv yog siv tsis tshua muaj lossis tsis tshua muaj, vim lawv nyuaj heev thiab tsis meej pem, thiab dhau li ntawd, lawv tau siv ntau dua rau kev daws cov kab ke ntawm kev sib npaug ntau dua li qhov tsis sib xws, yog li koj yuav tsum mus rau kos duab thiab ntu ntu. Lawv coj qhov pom kev, uas tsis tuaj yeem tab sis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig thiab ua haujlwm nrawm ntawm kev ua lej.

Yog ib yam dab tsi tsis ua haujlwm

Thaum kawm txog ib lub ntsiab lus hauv algebra, tau kawg, tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem nrog nws kev nkag siab. Thiab qhov no yog qhov qub, vim tias peb lub hlwb yog tsim los ntawm txoj hauv kev uas nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj hauv ib qho mus. Feem ntau koj yuav tsum tau nyeem ib nqe lus, pab tus kws qhia ntawv, lossis xyaum daws cov teeb meem ib txwm. Nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, lawv saib, piv txwv li, zoo li no: "Tau qhov system ntawm kev tsis sib xws 3 x + 1 ≧ 0 thiab 2 x - 1 > 3". Yog li ntawd, kev siv zog ntawm tus kheej, kev pab los ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv thiab kev xyaum pab kom nkag siab txhua lub ntsiab lus nyuaj.

system ntawm kev tsis sib xws nrog ib qho kev sib txawv
system ntawm kev tsis sib xws nrog ib qho kev sib txawv

Reshebnik?

Thiab phau ntawv tshuaj kuj zoo heev, tab sis tsis yog rau kev dag ntxias hauv tsev, tab sis pab tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv lawv koj tuaj yeem pom cov kab ke ntawm kev tsis sib xws nrog kev daws teeb meem, saiblawv (xws li templates), sim nkag siab raws nraim li cas tus sau ntawm kev daws teeb meem nrog txoj haujlwm, thiab tom qab ntawd sim ua nws tus kheej.

Cov Lus Qhia

Algebra yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Zoo, koj ua tau dab tsi? Kev ua lej yeej ib txwm zoo li no: rau qee qhov nws tuaj yeem yooj yim, thiab rau lwm tus nws nyuaj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev kawm dav dav yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev uas txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem tiv nrog nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntau tus neeg pab. Ib txhia tau hais los saum no.

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