Tsev European Plain yog ib lub tiaj loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws npog plaub lab square kilometers, tag nrho los yog ib feem cuam tshuam rau thaj tsam ntawm kaum lub xeev. Dab tsi yog kev nyem thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm East European Plain? Koj yuav pom tag nrho cov ntsiab lus hais txog nws hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
Geography ntawm East European Plain
Kev nyem ntawm cov teb chaws Europe muaj ntau haiv neeg - muaj roob, thiab tiaj, thiab swampy lowlands. Nws loj tshaj plaws orographic qauv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cheeb tsam yog lub East European Plain. Los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj, nws ncav cuag li ib txhiab kilometers, thiab los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb - ntau tshaj 2.5 txhiab kilometers.
Vim qhov tseeb tias feem ntau ntawm lub tiaj yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia, nws tau txais lub npe Lavxias. Nrog rau qhov muag mus rau keeb kwm yav dhau los, nws kuj tseem hu ua Sarmatian Plain.
Nws pib los ntawm roob Scandinavian thiab ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm B altic Hiav Txwv thiab nthuav mus rau toj roob hauv pes ntawm Uralroob Nws sab qab teb ciam teb ntawm lub tiaj khiav ze rau yav qab teb Carpathians thiab Staraya Planina, Crimean Roob, Caucasus thiab Hiav Txwv Caspian, thiab sab qaum teb ntug khiav raws ntug dej hiav txwv Dawb thiab Barents Seas. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm East European Plain muaj ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Russia, Ukraine, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Belarus. Nws kuj suav nrog Kazakhstan, Romania, Bulgaria thiab Poland.
Txiv thiab geological qauv
Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tiaj yuav luag tag nrog rau cov txheej txheem sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj (tsuas yog thaj chaw me me nyob rau sab qab teb nyob ntawm Scythian phaj). Vim qhov no, tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj kev nyem, thiab qhov siab nruab nrab tsuas yog 170 meters. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes mus txog 479 meters - qhov no yog Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland, uas nyob rau hauv lub Urals.
Lub tectonic stability ntawm lub tiaj kuj txuas nrog lub platform. Nws yeej tsis pom nws tus kheej nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm volcanic eruptions lossis av qeeg. Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb pob zeb uas tshwm sim ntawm no yog theem qis thiab tsuas yog cov suab nrov ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm thaj chaw roob nyob ze.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaj chaw no tsis nyob ib puag ncig. Kev nyem ntawm East European Plain tau tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tectonic qub thiab glaciations. Nyob rau sab qab teb, lawv tau tshwm sim ntau dhau lawm, yog li lawv cov cim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tau ntev lawm smoothed tawm los ntawm active climatic txheej txheem thiab dej yaig. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, cov kab ntawm cov glaciation yav dhau los yog pom tseeb tshaj plaws. Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm cov xuab zeb lowlands, winding bays ntawm Kola Peninsula, uas txiav tob rau hauv av, thiab kuj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug loj.cov pas dej. Feem ntau, cov toj roob hauv pes niaj hnub ntawm lub tiaj yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau qhov chaw siab thiab lacustrine-glacial lowlands, alternating ib leeg.
Mineral resources
Lub platform qub ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm East European Plain yog sawv cev los ntawm cov pob zeb crystalline, uas yog overlain los ntawm ib txheej sedimentary ntawm cov hnub nyoog sib txawv, pw hauv txoj hauj lwm kab rov tav. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Ukrainian thiab B altic shields, pob zeb tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob tsuas qis thiab nrawm.
thaj chaw ntawm lub tiaj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam minerals. Nws cov sedimentary cover muaj deposits ntawm limestone, chalk, slates, phosphorites, xuab zeb thiab av nplaum. Roj shale deposits nyob rau hauv lub B altic cheeb tsam, ntsev thiab gypsum yog mined nyob rau hauv lub Cis-Urals, thiab roj thiab roj yog mined nyob rau hauv Perm. Loj deposits ntawm thee, anthracite thiab peat yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub Donbas phiab. Brown thiab tawv thee kuj tseem mined nyob rau hauv Dnepropetrovsk phiab ntawm Ukraine, nyob rau hauv lub Perm thiab Moscow cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Russia.
Cov ntaub thaiv npog crystalline ntawm lub tiaj yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb metamorphic thiab igneous pob zeb. Lawv nplua nuj nyob rau hauv gneisses, shales, amphibolites, diabase, porphyrite, thiab quartzite. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos rau kev tsim cov ceramics thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev pob zeb yog mined ntawm no.
Ib qho ntawm feem ntau "fertile" thaj chaw yog Kola Peninsula - ib qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau ore thiab minerals ntau. Hlau, lithium, titanium, npib tsib xee, platinum, beryllium, ntau yam micas, ceramic pegmatites, chrysolite, amethyst, jasper, garnet, iolite thiab lwm yam minerals yog mined nyob rau hauv nws.
Climate
thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm East European Plain thiab nws txoj kev nyem qis feem ntau txiav txim siab nws huab cua. Lub roob Ural nyob ze nws sab nrauv tsis pub huab cua huab cua hla los ntawm sab hnub tuaj, yog li ntawd txhua xyoo nws cuam tshuam los ntawm cua los ntawm sab hnub poob. Lawv tsim hla dej hiav txwv Atlantic, nqa dej noo thiab sov thaum lub caij ntuj no, thiab dej nag thiab txias rau lub caij ntuj sov.
Vim tias tsis muaj roob nyob rau sab qaum teb, cua los ntawm sab qab teb ntawm Arctic kuj nkag mus tob rau hauv lub tiaj. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lawv coj cov huab cua txias continental huab cua, tsis tshua muaj kub, Frost thiab lub teeb snow. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, lawv nqa cov dej qhuav thiab txias txias nrog lawv.
Thaum lub caij txias, qhov kub thiab txias yog nyob ntawm cov cua tuaj. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev nyab xeeb ntawm East European Plain yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws los ntawm hnub ci tshav kub, yog li qhov kub thiab txias tau muab faib ua raws li thaj chaw latitude ntawm thaj chaw.
Feem ntau, huab cua nyob hauv thaj av tsis ruaj khov heev. Atlantic thiab Arctic huab cua huab cua ntau dua nws feem ntau hloov ib leeg, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev hloov pauv tas li ntawm cyclones thiab anticyclones.
Natural areas
Sab Hnub Tuaj Tebchaws Europe Plain yog nyob hauv thaj chaw huab cua sov. Tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm nws nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj nyob hauv thaj tsam subarctic. Vim lub tiaj tiaj tiaj, latitudinal zonality tau pom meej meej rau ntawm nws, uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm tundra nyob rau sab qaum teb mus rau arid deserts ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian.
Tundra, npog nrog cov ntoo ntsias thiab tsob ntoo, pom tsuas yog nyob rau sab qaum teb thaj tsam ntawm Finland thiab Russia. Hauv qab no nws yog hloov los ntawm taiga, thaj tsam uas nthuav thaum nws mus txog lub Urals. Feem ntau cov ntoo coniferous loj hlob tuaj ntawm no, xws li larch, spruce, ntoo thuv, fir, nrog rau cov nyom thiab berry bushes.
Tom qab taiga, thaj tsam ntawm cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab deciduous pib. Nws npog tag nrho cov B altic, Belarus, Romania, ib feem ntawm Bulgaria, ib feem loj ntawm Russia, sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ukraine. Qhov nruab nrab thiab sab qab teb ntawm Ukraine, Moldova, sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kazakhstan thiab sab qab teb ntawm Russia yog them los ntawm hav zoov-steppe thiab steppe cheeb tsam. Qhov qis dua ntawm Volga thiab ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian npog cov suab puam thiab ib nrab suab puam.
Hydrography
Cov dej ntws ntawm East European Plain ntws ob sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb. Lub ntsiab dej ntws ntawm lawv hla Polesie, Northern Uvals thiab Valdai Upland. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub Arctic dej hiav txwv phiab, thiab ntws mus rau lub Barents, Dawb thiab B altic Seas. Lwm tus ntws mus rau sab qab teb, ntws mus rau hauv Hiav Txwv Caspian thiab lub hiav txwv ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic. Qhov ntev tshaj plaws thiab tob tshaj plaws dej ntawm lub tiaj yog lub Volga. Lwm qhov dej tseem ceeb yog Dnieper, Don, Dniester, Pechora, Northern thiab Western Dvina, Southern Bug, Neva.
Tseem muaj ntau qhov swamps thiab pas dej nyob rau sab hnub tuaj European Plain, tab sis lawv tsis sib npaug. Lawv yog cov densely faib nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, tab sis nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj lawv xyaum tsis tuaj. Nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm B altic States, Finland, Polissya, Karelia thiab Kola Peninsulareservoirs ntawm glacial thiab moraine hom tau tsim. Nyob rau sab qab teb, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Caspian thiab Azov lowlands, muaj estuary pas dej thiab ntsev marshes.
Lamb foreheads
Txawm hais tias thaj av tiaj tiaj, muaj ntau qhov nthuav dav geological tsim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj European Plain. Xws li, piv txwv li, yog cov pob zeb "Yaj hauv pliaj", uas muaj nyob rau hauv Karelia, ntawm Kola Peninsula thiab nyob rau sab qaum teb Ladoga cheeb tsam.
Lawv yog qhov projections ntawm pob zeb uas tau smoothed thaum lub sij hawm convergence ntawm ib tug dej khov thaum ub. Pob zeb tseem hu ua "curly". Lawv cov slopes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub glacier tsiv yog polished thiab du. Txoj kev nqes hav, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog ntxhab thiab tsis sib xws.
Zhiguli Toj siab
Zhiguli yog tib lub roob ntawm lub tiaj uas tau tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tectonic. Lawv nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Volga Upland. Cov no yog cov roob hluas uas txuas ntxiv mus, loj hlob li ntawm 1 centimeter txhua puas xyoo. Niaj hnub no, lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws ncav cuag 381 meters.
Lub roob Zhiguli yog tsim los ntawm dolomites thiab limestones. Tseem muaj roj deposits nyob rau hauv lawv. Lawv qhov chaw siab tshaj yog npog nrog hav zoov thiab hav zoov-steppe cov nroj tsuag, ntawm cov uas tseem muaj hom kab mob. Feem ntau nws suav nrog hauv Zhiguli Nature Reserve thiab raug kaw rau pej xeem. Lub xaib, uas tsis nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv, yog nquag mus xyuas los ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws thiab cov neeg caij skiers.
Belovezhskayahav zoov
Muaj ntau qhov chaw khaws cia, chaw nyob thiab lwm qhov chaw tiv thaiv nyob rau sab hnub tuaj European Plain. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv qub tshaj plaws yog National Park Belovezhskaya Pushcha, nyob ntawm ciam teb ntawm Poland thiab Belarus.
Ntawm no, thaj chaw loj ntawm taiga tau khaws cia - thawj hav zoov uas muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw no hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej keeb kwm. Nws tau xav tias qhov no yog qhov hav zoov ntawm Tebchaws Europe zoo li ntau lab xyoo dhau los.
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Belovezhskaya Pushcha muaj ob thaj chaw cog qoob loo, thiab cov hav zoov coniferous nyob ze ze rau cov sib xyaw dav dav. Lub zos fauna yog sawv cev los ntawm cov mos lwj, mouflon, reindeer, tarpan nees, bears, minks, beavers thiab raccoon aub. Kev khav theeb ntawm lub tiaj ua si yog bison, uas tau txais kev cawmdim ntawm no los ntawm kev ploj tuag tag.
