Pab Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam (VRK) nyob rau hauv Petrograd Soviet ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm thiab Cov Tub Rog 'Deputies

Cov txheej txheem:

Pab Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam (VRK) nyob rau hauv Petrograd Soviet ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm thiab Cov Tub Rog 'Deputies
Pab Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam (VRK) nyob rau hauv Petrograd Soviet ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm thiab Cov Tub Rog 'Deputies
Anonim

Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Soviet Union. Lub cev tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hauv lub tebchaws yog Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tub Rog (MRC). Lub koom haum nom tswv no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub zog Soviet thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1917. Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tub Rog yog lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm Petrograd Soviet ntawm Cov Tub Rog thiab Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm 'Deputies. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv sai ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Hloov Kho tau txo qis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov tsav tsheb ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Tom qab ntawd, lub luag haujlwm ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam tau hloov pauv ntau yam ntawm Cheka, tab sis lawv txoj kev vam meej tsis tau them los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm Soviet.

tub rog revolutionary committee
tub rog revolutionary committee

Tsim Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam

Kev tsim tsa Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Hli (16 txog 21), 1917. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog Bolsheviks, raws li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tab sis kuj ntawm Socialist-Revolutionaries thiab Anarchists. Lazimir tau raug tsa los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Kev Tawm Tsam Tub Rog, uas, los ntawm kev koom nrog kev xav, yog Pawg Neeg Sab Nraud. Tag nrho cov kev ua no tau ua los ntawm Bolsheviks rau lub hom phiaj ntawm camouflage. Txawm li cas los xij, L. D. Trotsky tau los ua tus thawj coj tiag tiag ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam. Cov dej num ntawm no keeb kwm ua cim, thiabCov haujlwm ntawm Pawg Neeg Tawm Tsam nws tus kheej raug tshem tawm los ntawm keeb kwm thaum lub xyoo ntawm Stalinist txoj cai. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Stalin thiab Trotsky tom qab Lenin tuag. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm pawg neeg tau hais tawm los ntawm kev tawm tsam rau cov tub rog German ua ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, lub hauv paus loj loj tau tsim los npaj rau kev hloov pauv.

tub rog revolutionary committee ntawm 1917
tub rog revolutionary committee ntawm 1917

Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj tig

Pab Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam ntawm 1917 yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev npaj ua tub rog tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 25, pawg thawj coj tau tshaj tawm Lenin qhov kev thov kom tshem tawm tsoomfwv ib ntus. Lub sijhawm ntawd, muaj qhov xwm txheej ntawm ob lub zog hauv lub tebchaws. Thaum lub sij hawm rhuav tshem lub hwj chim, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog tau tso siab rau Soviet cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tub rog cov neeg sawv cev, cov neeg saib xyuas, cov neeg tsav nkoj, thiab cov pawg neeg tawm tsam hauv zos. Cov Tub Ceev Xwm Liab muaj ntau heev thaum lub sijhawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thiab suav txog 200 txhiab tus neeg hauv ntau dua 100 lub nroog.

Lub Kaum Hli 25, yuav luag tag nrho Petrograd tau nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm VRK. Nyob rau tib hnub, pawg neeg tawm tsam tau tshaj tawm tias tsoomfwv Ib ntus tau tawm ntawm nws lub zog thiab tias txhua lub zog tau raug xa mus rau hauv lub tebchaws Soviet. Hnub tom qab, Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog Tawm Tsam tau teeb tsa kev ua tub rog ntawm Winter Palace thiab ntes yuav luag txhua tus tswvcuab ntawm tsoomfwv tshwj tsis yog A. Kerensky, uas tau khiav dim.

Cov xwm txheej no yog lub ncov ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Petrograd Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas. ATyav tom ntej, nws txoj haujlwm tau maj mam pauv mus rau lwm tus tub ceev xwm.

Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies

VRK ceg hauv cheeb tsam Lavxias

Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam ntawm Petrograd Soviet, lub tsev hauv paus tau tsim nyob rau hauv Moscow, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv lwm thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev tawm tsam, muaj li ntawm 40 lub regional pawg neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub qub teb chaws Ottoman, uas kuj koom nyob rau hauv kev npaj lub kiv puag ncig thiab tsim Soviet hwj chim. VRCs muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tebchaws: lub xeev, koog tsev kawm ntawv, cov koom haum, pawg thawj coj saib xyuas thiab nroog tau ntsib.

Cov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm MRC

Ua ntej Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj tig, ib lub cev tshwj xeeb rau kev tshem tawm tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam, uas txhais tau hais tias "kev tsim tub sab". Cov chaw, tsheb, nyiaj, cov ntaub ntawv raug nyiag - txhua yam uas tuaj yeem pab cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb xav tau.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm pawg tub rog, uas ua rau kev tshawb nrhiav, kev txiav txim thiab kev tswj hwm. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub kiv puag ncig thiab tsim ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub Soviet lub sij hawm, lub department tau ua ntau yam raug ntes thiab tua. Lub tswv yim ntawm "kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam" tsis raug cai, thiab txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws tuaj yeem poob rau hauv pawg no.

Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm VRC yog lub chaw xov xwm. Lub cev no tau faib cov ntawv xov xwm thiab luam tawm ntawm Bolsheviks. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tuam tsev luam ntawv tau censored thiab kaw cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas cuam tshuam cov kev xav ntawm Soviettub ceev xwm. Active kev tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws tau nqa tawm hauv xov tooj cua. Qhov no yog vim lub siab xav ua kom lub ntiaj teb kiv puag ncig. Lub tswv yim no tom qab ntawd tau tso tseg los ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet.

Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee
Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee

Txoj Kev Tawm Tsam Pawg Neeg Tawm Tsam

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam ntawm 1917 yog qhov tsis muaj kev lav phib xaub. Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tub Rog yog insubordination rau tag nrho cov tub ceev xwm, thiab tsuas yog nyob ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm lub Bolshevik Party.

Qhov thib ob yog qhov tsis muaj txoj cai lij choj uas tuaj yeem piav qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam. Lub Bolshevik Party tau tso cai rau Revkom nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, tab sis cov cai no tsis muaj kev cai lij choj.

Cov tub rog, uas pawg thawj tswj hwm muaj, tau muab txoj cai los ua txhua yam kev cai lij choj thiab tsis raug cai. Yog li, lub cev no tau nkag mus rau txhua qhov chaw lag luam hauv lub tebchaws thiab tuaj yeem tau txais tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig tsim nyog thiab txhais tau tias los ntawm kev ua tub rog.

Kev ua ub no ntawm VRC

Nyob rau ib hlis xwb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tiag tiag, Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam tau ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb. Ua tsaug rau nws, tib lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig tau ua tiav, uas yog lub cim pib ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia. 184 tus thawj coj tau raug xaiv los ntawm pawg neeg rau ntau lub koom haum pej xeem. Lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev hloov kho lub xeev cov cuab yeej, thiab tseem muaj cai los ntes cov neeg tawm tsam. Tom qab lub Kaum Ib Hlis 10, 1917, ib feem ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev tau raug xa mus rau All-Lavxias Extraordinary Commission, uas tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thiab kev tawm tsam.sabotage thaum lub sij hawm tsim lub hwj chim ntawm Soviet thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 1917 VRK tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib cais tus kheej. Nyob rau hnub no, lub sijhawm ntawm lub cev uas tau teeb tsa kev hloov pauv ntawm keeb kwm paradigms hauv tebchaws Russia tau xaus.

Tub rog Revolutionary Committee ntawm Petrograd Soviet
Tub rog Revolutionary Committee ntawm Petrograd Soviet

Tub Rog Revolutionary Center

Nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hli, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Central ntawm Bolshevik Party tau txiav txim siab los tsim Lub Chaw Tub Rog Tub Rog uas yog lub koom haum tshwj xeeb hauv Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam. Cov neeg keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm Stalinist tau sau tseg tias VRC yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qab cov haujlwm ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog them nqi rau qhov peculiarity tias tus thawj coj ntawm VRC, Trotsky, tsis suav nrog hauv cov haujlwm ntawm lub chaw no. I. Stalin tau los ua tus thawj coj tseem ceeb ntawm chav tsev, uas tom qab kev tuag ntawm Lenin yog Trotsky tus neeg sib tw tseem ceeb.

Naval Revolutionary Committee

Thiab tib lub sijhawm ua tub rog pawg sab laj, pawg tub rog tub rog tau siv nws cov haujlwm. Nws txoj haujlwm tsis yog tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev tswj hwm ntawm naval rog thaum lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig.

Kev txiav txim siab los tsim VMRC tau ua nyob rau ntawm II All-Lavxias Congress ntawm Soviets. Vakhrameev, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm B altic fleet, tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg. Lenin thiab Stalin, uas yog cov thawj coj tseem ceeb ntawm tog, tau pauv mus rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog muaj txoj cai los tawm tsam cov neeg tsav nkoj, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv ciam teb hiav txwv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud thiab cov yeeb ncuab sab hauv.

creation ntawm ib tug tub rog revolutionarypawg neeg
creation ntawm ib tug tub rog revolutionarypawg neeg

Lub koom haum ntawm VMRC yog ib pawg ntawm ntu, txhua tus ua nws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Ntawm cov hlwb tseem ceeb tuaj yeem raug hu ua kev tswj hwm thiab kev tshaj lij, tub rog, kev lag luam, kev tshawb nrhiav, kev lag luam. Yog li, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv tau muab faib kom meej ntawm ntau yam qauv.

Pom zoo: