Lub infinitive yog siv los tsim ntau yam kev tsim kho. Qhov no yog ib qho lus qhia uas tuaj yeem ua raws li kev kawm, yam khoom, ntxiv, ntxiv thib ob, tus cwj pwm lossis tus cwj pwm. Nws tuaj yeem yog active lossis passive. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav siv lub ntsiab lus passive tsis yog lexically, tab sis muaj tseeb tiag. Yog li, lub infinitive - yog dab tsi? Hauv qab no yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev siv nrog piv txwv thiab kev txhais lus. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias qhov kev txhais lus tsis cuam tshuam txog lub ntsiab lus thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus Askiv syntax, thiab ntawm qee lub ntsiab lus nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsis meej pem.
Cia peb nkag siab qee cov ntsiab lus ua ntej
- Bare Infinitive - yooj yim infinitive, lossis daim ntawv yooj yim (cov ntawv yooj yim).
- To-infinitive - 'rau'-infinitive, lossis tsuas yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Cov duab yooj yim nrog particle 'rau'.
- Transitive/Intransitive verb - transitive/intransitive verb. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem txuas mus rau lwm qhov kev qhia, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog semantic zoo.
- Complement - ib qho ntxiv, qhov semantic ntawm cov lus qhia ua ke-predicate.
- Predicative expression - predicative, nominalib feem ntawm lub compound nominal predicate.
- Subject - cov ntsiab lus, qhov kev sib cav tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus qhia, uas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab syntax feem ntau hu ua cov ntsiab lus.
- Object - ib qho khoom, ib qho kev sib cav thib ob ntawm qhov predicate, uas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus feem ntau yog hu ua ib qho ntxiv.
- Attribute - ib lub cim ntawm lub npe, uas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus feem ntau hu ua ib tug txhais.
- Modifier - ib qho kos npe, uas yog, kos npe rau hauv kev nkag siab dav. Ib lo lus uas hloov lwm lo lus.
- Participle I, lossis Present Participle - participle I lossis tam sim no participle (ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia).
- Participle II, lossis Past Participle - participle II lossis yav dhau los participle (ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia).
- Elleptic kab lus - kab lus luv luv uas qee cov tswv cuab raug rho tawm. Cov tswvcuab tshem tawm tuaj yeem rov qab tau grammatically hauv kab lus, uas yog, syntax yog qhov tseeb, tab sis tsis pom tag nrho. Lub ntsiab lus txiav txim ua raws cov cai.
Shapes
Lub infinitive muaj 8 daim ntawv sib txuas rau plaub yam - tsis muaj qhov kawg, kav ntev, ua tiav, ua tiav ntev thiab ob lub suab - nquag thiab tsis muaj zog. Daim ntawv yooj yim yog qhov tsis paub meej ntawm lub suab nrov.
Siv lub infinitive yam tsis muaj 'rau' (daim ntawv pib, liab qab infinitive)
Lub hauv paus infinitive yog cov lus qhia uas tshwm sim hauv thawj kab ntawm lub rooj ntawm cov lus qhia tsis raug.
Complements cov lus qhia tsis zoo 'ua' hauv qhov tsis zoo, cov lus nug thiab lwm yam txawv ntawm 'ua' kev txhawb nqa.
Koj xav mus tsev?/Koj puas xav mus tsev?
Thov tsis txhob luag.
Complements yuav (yuav tsum) thiab yuav (yuav tsum) yav tom ntej tense thiab conditionals.
miv yuav los tsev./Tus miv yuav los tsev.
Peb yuav tsum txaus siab rau cov lus teb ntawm koj qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws./Peb yuav tsum lees paub cov lus teb raws li koj qhov txiaj ntsig thawj zaug.
Ntau feem ntau, lub hauv paus infinitive yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm ib qho modal (ua tau, ua tau, muaj peev xwm, yuav tsum, yuav tsum, yuav, yuav, xav, xav, xav, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov lus qhia ib nrab-modal twv thiab xav tau..
Kuv tuaj yeem hais lus Swedish./Kuv tuaj yeem hais lus Swedish.
Xav tau hmoov ntau npaum li cas?/Koj puas xav siv ntau xim?
Kuv twv hais tias nws yuav rov qab los.
After tau zoo.
Koj muab tau tus xov tooj ntawd rov qab zoo dua.
Raws li qhov kev qhuas thib ob ntawm cov lus qhia cia, cia, ua, muaj, thaum xa mus rau thawj (ntxiv).
Ua rau kuv luag. Sib piv nrog kuv raug ua kom luag / Kuv raug luag, qhov twg to-infinitive siv.
Peb cia lawv tawm./Peb cia lawv tawm.
Cia peb ua si Monopoly!/Let's play Monopoly!
Kuv kom nws saib kuv lub tsheb./Nws saib kuv lub tsheb.
Raws li qhov thib ob lossis tsuas yog qhov khoom ntawm qhov kev pab cuam.
Daim ntawv thov no yuav pab (kom) sib npaug ntawm pob nyiaj siv.
Pab koj pab kuv (kom) hla phab ntsa no?
Yogqhov thib ob qhuas ntawm verbs ntawm kev xaav xws li pom, hnov, hnov, thiab lwm yam, kuj siv tau nyob rau hauv tam sim no indefinite tense, tab sis yog hais tias nws tsis yog hais txog ib qho kev tshwm sim, tab sis hais txog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm txhua yam.
Peb pom nws sim khiav.
Nws xav tias nws ua pa ntawm nws caj dab./Nws ua pa ntawm nws sab plhu.
Ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov nominal ntawm qhov predicate hauv pseudo-split kab lus.
Kuv ua dab tsi yog khi hlua rau kab.
Yam koj yuav tsum ua yog caw nws ncig noj hmo.
Tom qab vim li cas hauv kab lus luv luv.
Vim li cas thab?/Vim li cas gloomy?
Siv lub infinitive
'To'-infinitive yog daim ntawv siv los hais lus Askiv verbs.
Yuav ua li cas peb conjugate qhov verb mus?
Kev txhais lus txawv teb chaws.
Lo lus Fabkis txoj boire txhais tias ' haus'.
Raws li kev txuas ntxiv ntawm modal thiab semi-modal verbs yuav tsum (rau) thiab siv (rau).
Peb yuav tsum ua tam sim no.
Kuv tau ua si sab nraum txhua hnub thaum kuv tseem yog menyuam yaus.
Raws li kev txuas ntxiv ntawm ntau lwm cov lus qhia hloov pauv, suav nrog xav tau, twv, xav, cia siab, sim, vam, pom zoo, tsis kam, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lawv feem ntau thov rau cov ntsiab lus, lossis rau qhov laj thawj.subject.
Kuv xav tau xov tooj.
Sim tsis txhob yuam kev ntau.
Lawv tsis kam pab peb./Lawv tsis kam pab peb.
Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov thib ob txuas ntxiv ntawm cov lus qhia hloov pauv. Ntawm no lawv feem ntau rov hais dua los ua kom tiav lossis ua kom tiav.
Kuv xav kom nws nce qib./Kuv xav kom nws nce qib.
Nws vam tias nws tus kwv yuav tuaj txog lub lim tiam no./Nws cia siab tias nws tus tij laug lub lim tiam tom ntej.
Raws li qhov xwm txheej qhia lub hom phiaj, lub hom phiaj lossis qee qhov cuam tshuam thiab tshwm sim.
Kuv tuaj ntawm no los mloog koj hais.
Lawv txiav laj kab kom nkag mus rau qhov chaw.
Nws tau qhab nia peb lub hom phiaj ceev kom qib tau qhab nia./Nws tau qhab nia peb lub hom phiaj nrawm thiab nthuav qhov sib txawv.
Qee lub sij hawm ib qho infinitive yog ib qho kev kawm los yog ib tug predicate.
Kev ua neej yog kev txom nyem./Kev ua neej yog kev txom nyem.
Rau lawv nrog peb nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov no yog pov thawj ntawm lawv txoj kev phooj ywg.
Raws li kev hloov pauv (tom qab nthuav dav) ntawm qhov tsis tseeb nws.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Nws ua rau kuv zoo siab pub kuv cov tsiaj.
Cais nyob rau hauv qee qhov exclamations thiab cov kab lus tsim (idioms), qhov twg nws cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm tag nrho cov kab lus tag nrho, cesmuaj plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm introductory tsim.
Oh, to be in England…/Au, in England…
xav tias nws tau hu kuv tus muam.
Yuav ncaj ncees, kuv tsis xav tias koj muaj sijhawm.
Nyob rau hauv ib co lwm cov kab lus tsim, xws li nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav, thiaj li, raws li yog hais tias mus, hais txog, yuav tsum, yog, yog, yog, yuav.
Peb yuav rhuav lub tsev no./Peb yuav rhuav lub tsev no.
Nws luag ntxhi zoo li lees paub nws qhov kev lees paub.
Nyob hauv kab lus luv luv, qhov twg cov ntsiab lus tsis raug soj ntsuam, vim nws yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav, los yog txhais tau (tshwj tsis yog kev tsim kho nrog vim li cas).
Zoo, tam sim no yuav ua li cas?
Kuv xav tias puas yuav tawm ntawm qhov ntawd.
Ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm kev txhais nrog qee lub npe thiab cov npe (nws ua rau luag, kev siv zog nthuav dav, ntxhov siab kom tau daim pib):
- kev siv zog los nthuav / txhim kho kev ntsuas, - mob siab tau daim pib / nqhis tau daim pib.
Raws li tus txheeb ze grammatical qia, lub infinitive kuj siv tau. Nws txhais li cas? Ntawd yog, qhov no yog lub hauv paus uas ib feem ntawm qhov kev kawm tau nthuav tawm los ntawm lub ntsiab lus tsis tseeb lossis yog implied, thiab lwm qhov yog qhov ua kom duplicate nws, tab sis nyob tom qab qhov predicate; feem ntau nyob ntawm lub npe, thiab yog li ntawd, semantically, nws feem ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv nrog lub suab passive:
-yam uas yuav tsum tau tawm hauv qab / yam uas tau tso tseg (qhov khoom nkag siab tias qhov ntxiv ntawm kev tawm);
- ib lub ntsiab lus los tham nrov nrov
- ib qho lus uas yuav tsum tau hais kom nrov (ib qho kev hloov pauv me ntsis ntawm qhov piv txwv dhau los);
- tus txiv neej cawm peb
Raws li kos npe ntawm ib qho adjective, xws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub npe, nws muaj ib tug ntxoov ntxoo ntawm passivity:
- siv tau yooj yim / yooj yim siv;
- zoo saib/zoo saib.
Split Infinitive (cleft Infinitive lossis phua Infinitive)
Tus infinitive yog (ua lus Askiv) ib qho lus qhia nrog cov lus 'rau'. Ib qho adverb tuaj yeem sau nruab nrab ntawm cov lus hais thiab cov lus qhia, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas nws hu ua cais - Cleft Infinitive.
Ua siab loj mus qhov twg tsis muaj neeg mus ua ntej.
Cov pejxeem xav kom ntau dua ob npaug.
Tsis yog txhua qhov kev xav ntawm kev hais lus xav txog qhov kev siv no raug. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ubiquitous hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv, thiab feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm classical ntaub ntawv. Thiab vim hais tias hom lus yog yam uas tib neeg siv, thiab tsis yog sau rau hauv phau ntawv, koj tuaj yeem ua tauxav tias kev sib cais infinitives tsim nyog muaj txoj cai nyob. Ntawm chav kawm, tsis tas yuav txhawb nqa ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm kev nyeem ntawv tsis paub ntawv mus rau ib qho xwm txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias phau ntawv txhais lus thiab phau ntawv sau tau rov sau dua lub sijhawm, thaum qhov kev vam meej hauv cov lus tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
