Qauv ntawm noob taum (daim duab)

Cov txheej txheem:

Qauv ntawm noob taum (daim duab)
Qauv ntawm noob taum (daim duab)
Anonim

Hauv ntiaj teb cov nroj tsuag, ob hom kev yug me nyuam tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv: asexual thiab kev sib deev. Thawj hom muaj xws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm raws li kev faib tawm ntawm tes ncaj qha, vegetative - nrog kev pab los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov hlwb somatic, thiab kev tsim tawm los ntawm cov hlwb tshwj xeeb haploid - spores. Qhov thib ob, ntau dua daim ntawv yog kev sib deev kev sib deev, ua rau tsim cov noob. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub neej voj voog ntawm gymnosperms thiab flowering nroj tsuag, kuj hu ua angiosperms. Hauv txoj haujlwm no, peb yuav xav txog cov qauv sab nraud ntawm cov noob taum, tshawb xyuas cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau nws txoj kev loj hlob, thiab tseem txiav txim siab seb qhov zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm ntawm cov noob qoob loo muaj.

taum noob qauv kos duab
taum noob qauv kos duab

Cov noob tsim los ntawm dab tsi thiab ua li cas?

taum yog cov qoob loo uas nyiam tshaj plaws txhua xyoo ntawm tsev neeg legume, nws muaj paj ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo liib lub nkoj los yog npauj npaim zaum nrog tis tis. Hauv lub paj, hauv nws qhov tshwj xeeb, hu ua pistil, muaj cov noob kab mob, uas zais lub hnab embryo hauv qab nws cov plhaub. Nws muaj cov qe thiab cov qauv diploid hu ua central cell. Lawv tau ua tiav fertilized los ntawm ob spermatozoa, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov noob taum tshwm. Nws muaj lub embryo, muab cov organic tebchaw rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, ob cotyledons, thiab ib tug integument hu ua lub noob txheej.

Dab tsi yog noob dicot

Txhua cov paj ntoo nrog ob lub cotyledons, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm fertilization, tsim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov noob, hauv kev tsim ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub paj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: calyx, corolla nrog petals, androecium, muaj stamens thiab, ntawm chav kawm, pistil nrog noob primordia. Cov qauv ntawm cov noob taum yog kawm nyob rau qib 6, tau paub txog xws li ib feem ntawm biology li botany. Nws muaj cov duab ellipsoid, uas sib txuas cov noob ntim zoo nrog thaj chaw me me.

Bean Seed Structure Diagram
Bean Seed Structure Diagram

Qhov no feature txo qhov kev sib cuag ntawm cov noob nrog ib puag ncig. Cov qauv sab nraud ntawm cov noob taum zoo ib yam li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob excretory ntawm cov tsiaj. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nqaij daim tawv, muaj txawm tias ib tug txhais - ib tug taum-zoo li lub raum. Nyob rau sab hauv, concave sab, muaj ib qho caws pliav - qhov chaw uas cov noob taum txuas nrog cov nplooj qhuav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, hu ua taum. Li no lub npe ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsev neeg - legumes. Nws muaj ntau tshaj 12 txhiab hom. Feem ntau nwscov neeg sawv cev yog cov ntawv herbaceous, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntoo thiab ntoo. Ntawm cov legumes, peb yuav muab cov npe sib tw hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: cov no yog taum pauv, taum, taum, lentils.

Cov qauv noob thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus

Cia peb mus txuas ntxiv mus xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov noob taum. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia meej meej txog qhov pom ntawm qhov uas tau hais dhau los, uas yog: lub tsho tiv no, ob lub cotyledons thiab lub embryo nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

taum noob qauv
taum noob qauv

Raws li tau tsim, sab nrauv - daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov noob - yog ib qho derivative ntawm integuments ntawm cov noob kab mob (integuments). Nws ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom qhuav, tsis zoo kub thiab lwm yam tsis zoo abiotic yam. Ntawm chav kawm, lub ntsiab noob qauv yog lub embryo. Yog vim li cas qhov no yog li ntawd, cia peb saib mus rau hauv seem tom ntej.

Dicot embryo

Raws li peb nco qab, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ob fertilization, uas yog nyob rau hauv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv flowering nroj tsuag, ib tug multicellular tsim los ntawm ib tug fertilized qe - ib tug zygote. Nws yog hu ua embryo thiab muaj peb ntu: cov kab mob hauv paus, stalk thiab raum. Cia peb xyuam xim rau cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov noob taum. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia meej meej tias lub embryo, ruaj ntseg zais ntawm cov cotyledons, tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tab sis kuj yog cov qauv muag heev thiab yooj yim. Tom ntej no, peb yuav teb cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi ua haujlwm muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm lub embryo.

sab nrauv qauv ntawm taum noob
sab nrauv qauv ntawm taum noob

Fetal root

Nkauj kho siabtus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag terrestrial muaj ib tug zoo-tsim paus system: lub ntsiab, lateral los yog adventitious. Nyom, shrubs, thiab woody hom tuaj yeem tsim ob hom kab hauv av, uas nyob rau hauv botany hu ua taproot thiab fibrous hauv paus systems. Raws li nws muab tawm, lawv pib lawv txoj kev loj hlob los ntawm tib qhov chaw - cov kab mob hauv paus. Qhov pib ntawm nws cov cell faib nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag physiology yog lub ntsiab yam ntxwv uas lub community launch txog xws li ib tug mechanism raws li noob germination yog txiav txim. Taum, txiv lws suav, peas thiab lwm cov qoob loo uas nyiam tshav kub thiab teb cov qoob loo xav tau kev sib xyaw kom zoo ntawm ntau yam ib puag ncig kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem no nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm cov nroj tsuag hluas tshiab.

Cotyledons thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhawb nqa lub neej ntawm cov yub

Yuav kom cov noob tuaj yeem loj hlob, xav tau cov khoom noj khoom haus: cov suab thaj, amino acids, rog. Hauv cov nroj tsuag dicotyledonous, nws tau sau rau hauv cotyledons. Thaum pib ntawm lub embryo germination, cov organic tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv yaj, uas yog feem ntau siv tau rau nqus los ntawm cov hlwb. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm dicotyledonous nroj tsuag, lub cotyledons pib ua hauj lwm raws li thawj terrestrial, thiaj li hu ua embryonic nplooj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau photosynthesis thiab muab cov nroj tsuag hluas nrog tag nrho cov khoom yas tsim nyog.

noob germination yog dab tsi?

Qhov no yog txheej txheem physiological, uas yog raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv los ntawm lub sijhawm latent hauv lub neej ntawm cov noob mus rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov embryo: cag thiab stalk nrog nplooj. Yog li ntawd, ib tug yub tshwm thawj zaug, thiabces ib tug hluas nroj tsuag yog tsim. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm cov noob taum germinating? Daim duab hauv qab no qhia meej meej tias cov kab mob hauv paus pib tsim thawj zaug, tom qab ntawd cov stalk nqa cov nplooj cotyledon saum toj no hauv av. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, los ntawm kev loj hlob lub khob hliav qab ntawm qia, muaj cov ntaub so ntswg kev kawm apical - meristem - qhov tseeb nplooj ntawm taum cog tau tsim.

noob taum
noob taum

Lub sijhawm so

Tom qab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hu ua taum siav, cov noob taum uas sau los ntawm lub vaj tsis tuaj yeem germinate tam sim ntawd. Tsis tsuas yog rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg legume, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm pab pawg, xws li txiv lws suav, eggplants, cucumbers, nws yuav siv sij hawm rau lawv cov noob kom undergo tom qab sau ripening. Nws yog characterized feem ntau los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub embryo lub metabolism yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg heev theem. Cov noob ua pa yog xyaum tsis muaj nyob, cov ntsiab lus dej tsawg dua ib feem rau ntawm tag nrho pawg.

noob taum germination
noob taum germination

Vim li ntawd, cov noob muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus germination zog, tsis txaus rau kev hloov ntawm cov organic tshuaj ntawm cotyledons rau hauv daim ntawv soluble. Ob qho tib si sab nrauv thiab sab hauv ntawm cov noob taum hauv lub sijhawm latent tsis txawv ntawm qhov uas nyob rau lub caij loj hlob, thaum lawv npaj rau sowing hauv av. Qhov sib txawv feem ntau cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv metabolic hauv cov hlwb ntawm lub embryo, uas tsawg heev thaum lub sij hawm cov noob dormancy.

Yuav tsum tau ua dab tsi rau germination ntawm embryo

Hauv agronomy, koj tuaj yeem ua tauqhia txog cov xwm txheej hauv qab no uas ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov noob thiab cov tsos ntawm cov phooj ywg zoo: qhov muaj dej, qhov kub zoo, muaj oxygen, pom kev pom kev. Cia peb xav txog cov xwm txheej no kom ntxaws ntxiv. Ua ntej ntawm peb daim ntawv teev cov kab mob abiotic yog dej. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau o ntawm cov hlwb, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev nce hauv lawv ua pa.

Kawm txog cov qauv ntawm cov noob taum, peb pom tias cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm lub embryo tsuas yog ua tau yog tias cov organic tshuaj hauv cotyledons dhau mus rau hauv daim ntawv yaj. Qhov no yog vim dej molecules nkag mus rau hauv lawv cov parenchyma cia. Raws li cov qoob loo-hlub tshav kub, taum sprout zoo nyob rau hauv zoo warmed av. Tab sis teeb pom kev zoo tsis cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm kev loj hlob. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov noob los ntawm lub xeev latent, lawv raug kho nrog cov tshuaj stimulants, xws li phytohormones.

noob taum photo
noob taum photo

Lawv kuj ua kom muaj scarification, uas yog, lawv mechanically ua txhaum kev ncaj ncees ntawm tev yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv uas ua rau lub sab hauv ntawm cov noob taum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov cotyledons thiab embryo. Yog li, tag nrho cov saum toj no kev ua liaj ua teb ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm germination ntawm qoob loo.

Pom zoo: