Archaeology - yog dab tsi? Txwv tsis pub, txwv tsis pub archaeology. archaeology xov xwm

Cov txheej txheem:

Archaeology - yog dab tsi? Txwv tsis pub, txwv tsis pub archaeology. archaeology xov xwm
Archaeology - yog dab tsi? Txwv tsis pub, txwv tsis pub archaeology. archaeology xov xwm
Anonim

Archaeology yog kev qhuab qhia ntawm keeb kwm uas kawm txog keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm tib neeg los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj pom. Cov no suav nrog kev ua yeeb yam, cov cuab yeej tsim khoom thiab cov khoom siv ntawm tib neeg. Tsis zoo li cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tsis qhia ncaj qha txog cov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj-raws li kev txiav txim siab txog tib neeg txoj haujlwm dhau los ua cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias archaeology kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm yav dhau los.

keeb kwm monuments

Ua tsaug rau kev tshawb fawb archaeological, keeb kwm tau nthuav dav heev ntawm kev paub ntawm lub cev thiab lub qab ntug ntawm kev paub. Kev sau ntawv, raws li xov xwm ntawm archaeology, pib txog 5 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Thiab tag nrho cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm noob neej, thiab qhov no tsis muaj tsawg dua 2 lab xyoo, tau paub tsuas yog txij thaum pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm archaeology.

dab tsi yog archaeology
dab tsi yog archaeology

Cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tseem tau pom thawj cov ntawv sau rau 2 txhiab xyoo ntawm lawv lub neej. Cov no yog Babylonian cuneiform scripts, thiab linear Greek scripts,thiab Egyptian hieroglyphs. Keeb kwm ntawm archaeology tseem ceeb heev rau lub eras ntawm kev sau ntawv, medieval thiab ancient keeb kwm. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais thaum lub sijhawm kawm los ntawm cov khoom siv zoo kawg nkaus ua tiav thiab lees paub cov ntawv sau.

Vim li cas txhua yam zais tob?

Cov seem ntawm tib neeg lub neej yog hu ua archaeological sites. Cov khoom muaj nqis, cov kwj dej, cov mines thaum ub, kev thaj yeeb, mounds, faus av thiab lwm yam khoom raug suav tias yog lawv. Raws li txoj cai, lawv txhua tus nyob hauv av. Keeb kwm ntawm archaeology tau ua pov thawj tias tsis yog tag nrho cov mounds thiab faus av tau npog nrog lub ntiaj teb, xws li, piv txwv li, lawv tau npog nrog tshauv los ntawm lub roob hluav taws tawg ntawm lub nroog Pompeii thiab Herculaneum. Feem ntau, kev faus neeg yog faus rau hauv av vim yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg. Hauv qee lub nroog ntug hiav txwv, tuaj yeem pom cov pob zeb. Lawv sawv cev rau qhov seem ntawm cov chaw qub txeeg qub teg hauv qab lub plhaub ntawm cov mollusks uas tau ua zaub mov rau cov neeg nyob thaum ub.

txwv tsis pub archaeology
txwv tsis pub archaeology

Ancient houses

Nyob hauv thaj chaw uas av nplaum yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev, koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov toj roob hauv pes siab. Lawv tshwm sim vim kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov vaj tsev av nplaum. Cov tsev tshiab tau tsim dua lub hauv paus ntawm cov tsev, lwm tus tau tsim dua cov ntawd, thiab ntau txhiab xyoo.

Cov pob zeb nrhiav tau ntawm cov tsev qub qub yeej ib txwm tob rau hauv av los ntawm ob peb meters. Archaeologists muab cov lus piav qhia hauv qab no: cov tshiab tau muab tso rau saum cov pavements qub, cov kwj deg tau puv, cov tuam tsev tau txhim kho, sab hauv lawv yog cov hauv paus qub. Tsim los ntawm tib neegtxheej txheej txheej yog hu ua txheej kab lis kev cai. Archaeology piav qhia txog qhov kev kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem kab lis kev cai yog dab tsi thiab yog nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, uas yog: taug qab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem, stratigraphy thiab keeb kwm ntawm archaeological sites.

Dating historical finds

archaeology xov xwm
archaeology xov xwm

Lub sijhawm ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem kab lis kev cai. Hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav tsum muaj cov khoom qub, nyob rau sab saud - pom kev siv tsis ntev los no. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm archaeologists kuj yog los tsim kev sib tham. Lawv txiav txim siab hnub tim, lub hnub nyoog tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom pom hauv xyoo, ntau pua xyoo thiab ntau txhiab xyoo.

txwv tsis pub archaeology
txwv tsis pub archaeology

Qee lub sij hawm nws tig tawm los txiav txim siab hnub tseeb tshaj plaws. Ua tsaug rau stratigraphy, piv txwv li, ib yam li hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm Pompeii, nws tau paub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg tias lub nroog raug razed rau hauv av tom qab qhov tawg ntawm lub legendary roob hluav taws Vesuvius. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub Yim Hli 79 AD. e. Raws li cov ntawv sau tseem muaj sia nyob, nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab qhov tseeb hnub ntawm hluav taws kub, kev puas tsuaj, kev qaug dab peg thiab lwm yam xwm txheej. Tab sis cov xwm txheej ntawm tus kheej qhia tau tias cov ntsiab cai sib tham no tsis yog ib txwm raug.

Kev txiav txim lub sijhawm los ntawm npib

Lub koom haum ntawm Archaeology
Lub koom haum ntawm Archaeology

Ntau zaus hnub uas tsim ib lub monument keeb kwm yog txiav txim los ntawm cov nyiaj npib ntawm cov kab lis kev cai txheej. Lub minting ntawm npib pib tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 8th-7th centuries. BC e. nyob rau Greek kob ntawm Aegina hauv Lydia. Yog li ntawd, archaeology, dab tsi yog ntuj science txoj kev ntawm kiag lisib ntsib, paub xub ntiag.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv siv txoj kev siv hluav taws xob, lossis, raws li nws tseem hu ua, txoj kev siv hluav taws xob. Coal, ntoo, thiab lwm yam organic seem uas archaeologists pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations muaj radioactive carbon. Nws muaj qhov paub zoo ib nrab-lub neej, piv txwv li, los ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon, nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab nws lub sijhawm nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb txheej, nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 250 xyoo. Txoj kev txiav txim siab hnub no yog qhov zoo rau lub sijhawm dhau los millennia.

Kolchin method

Nyob tsis ntev los no, ib txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev txiav txim siab hnub tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm qub tau los rau kev pab ntawm archaeologists. Txoj kev dendrochronological tau tshawb pom los ntawm American archaeologists thiab thawj zaug siv los ntawm Soviet archaeologist B. A. Kolchin thaum excavations hauv Novgorod. Archaeology tau ua pov thawj tias qhov kev suav no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txiav txim hnub tim.

Cov neeg Amelikas tau pom tias qhov dav ntawm cov ntoo txiav yog tib yam rau txhua tsob ntoo uas loj hlob nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Txhua tus paub tias ib lub nplhaib muaj sijhawm los ua kom tiav hauv ib xyoos. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj hnub kawg ntawm lub sijhawm xav tau los ntawm archaeologists, nws txaus los nrhiav pom txiav ntoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj pom qhov loj thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov log cabin rings nteg nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, ces hnub ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm xws li ib tug qauv yuav twb paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm cov keeb kwm qhov chaw. Yog li, raws li cov xov xwm archaeology, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov nplai ntawm cov nplhaib txhua xyoo, uas koj tuaj yeem suav tau yooj yim hnub twg.

Forbidden archaeology

Nrog rau kev tso cai excavations, kev khawb qhov zais cia tab tom ua- cov uas nws cov txiaj ntsig tsis yog kev cai hais kom nrov nrov. Nov yog qee qhov kev tshawb pom tsis pub lwm tus paub.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

keeb kwm ntawm archaeology
keeb kwm ntawm archaeology

Cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom cov neeg taug kev ncaj ncees uas nyob 230 lab xyoo dhau los. Los ntawm Latin, lawv lub npe scientific txhais tias "neeg tua tsiaj los ntawm Carolina." Alligator tau txais lub npe txaus ntshai vim nws qhov siab peb-meter, cov hniav loj thiab lub puab tsaig. Nws muaj peev xwm lov tej pob txha. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab 3D scanners tau pab cov kws tshawb fawb rov tsim cov tsiaj thiab nkag siab tias tus dab no tau ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj tua tsiaj rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Niaj hnub no, lub cev pob txha ntawm tus khej erect yog khaws cia los ntawm American Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Archaeology.

Lost treasure

kev tshawb fawb archaeology
kev tshawb fawb archaeology

Tau ntau xyoo, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tsam kom nthuav tawm daim ntawv qhia mus rau cov khoom muaj nqis lus dab neeg ntawm Lu. Daim duab qhia chaw yog encrypted nrog Masonic cov cim, thiab leej twg tuaj yeem daws cov ciphers yuav tau txais 14 tons ntawm kub ntshiab. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, kub tuaj rau Asmeskas nrog Nazis thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II.

Xyoo 1940, cov tub rog Nyij Pooj tau nres hauv Bacuit Bay. Cov kob ntawm Bucket Bay nws tus kheej yog nto moo rau nws cov khoom muaj nqis ploj. Tus thawj tub rog tau txiav txim siab zais cov pob zeb uas kov yeej ntawm cov kob no, vim tias Nyij Pooj yuav tsum tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab nws yog qhov txaus ntshai kom nqa cov khoom muaj nqis hauv tsev. Cov dav dav faus kub thiab hniav nyiaj hniav kub nyob rau hauv 172 qhov chaw ntawm lub Philippines. Nws npaj yuav rov qab los tom qab ntawd thiab sau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tab sis nws tsis tshwm sim. Niaj hnub no, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis zais yog ntau tshaj li ib txhiab daus las. Ib feem ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis tau pom nyob rau xyoo 70s.

neeg loj

Kev tshawb fawb tsis ntseeg txog qhov muaj neeg coob, tab sis txwv tsis pub archaeology pov thawj lwm yam. Tau ntau xyoo, cov hneev taw tsis meej ntawm cov neeg loj tau pom. Cov pob txha loj loj thiab pob txha taub hau tau pom nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb. Niaj hnub no koj yuav tsis surprise leej twg nrog ib tug tib neeg qhov siab siab tshaj ob meters, tab sis txawm cov duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th ua tim khawv hais tias twb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawd muaj tib neeg siab dua 2 meters.

Hauv xyoo 1911, guano mining raug tshem tawm hauv Nevada. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom cov pob txha loj loj ntawm tib neeg. Lub koom haum ntawm Archaeology tau sau cov pob txha pom ua ke. Nws tau muab tawm tias cov pob txha tshwm sim yog tus txiv neej uas nws qhov siab yog 3 meters 65 cm. Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem xav tsis thoob los ntawm nws lub puab tsaig: nws yog peb npaug ntawm lub puab tsaig ntawm tus tib neeg niaj hnub no.

museum ntawm archaeology
museum ntawm archaeology

Qhov kev xav tiag tiag txwv tsis pub archaeology tau txais hauv Australia. Thaum lub sij hawm rho tawm ntawm jasper, ib tug tib neeg hniav tau pom, qhov siab ntawm uas yog 67 hli, thiab qhov dav yog 42 hli! Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov qauv ntawm cov pob txha, nws tau pom tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus tswv ntawm cov hniav yog tsawg kawg yog 6 meters.

Kev nrhiav pom zoo tau pom hauv Is Nrias teb. Cov tub rog tau pom zoo khaws cia cov pob txha ntawm cov neeg loj heev. Cov pob txha raug xa mus rau lub koom haum ntawm Archaeology, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntsuas lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Nws nce mus txog 12 meters! Qhov chaw nrhiav pom cov seem raug kaw tam sim ntawd, vim nws tseem txwv tsis pub archaeology.

Pov thawj ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg loj

Australia excavations undeniably proved lub hav zoov lojntawm cov neeg. Cov cuab yeej pob zeb nrhiav tau yog cov tim khawv ntsiag to ntawm lawv lub neej hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov hnyav ntawm riam, axes, clubs, chisels, plows ranges ntawm 5 mus rau 10 kg. Cov khoom zoo sib xws tau pom nyob ze ntawm tus dej Okavango. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Archaeology Tebchaws Asmeskas tau nthuav tawm lub bronze axes uas ntev dua 1 meter ntev thiab muaj cov hniav tshaj 50 cm. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov khoom pov thawj no yog 150 kg! Txawm tias ib tug neeg ncaws pob niaj hnub tuaj yeem tiv nrog cov cuab yeej zoo li no.

Tsis muaj qhov nthuav tawm cov khoom cuav yog cov qauv megalithic tsis meej uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau txhua lub tebchaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lawv txhua tus ntsiag to tham txog lub hav zoov ntawm giants.

Lebanese Baalbek tsim nyog saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog lub nroog tiag tiag rau cov neeg loj heev, tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los hais nws. Tsawg kawg, archaeology, hom qauv twg nyob hauv Lebanon, tseem tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia txog science. Ib qho amazing tsim nrog zoo kawg nkaus matched pob zeb slabs. Txhua tus hnyav txog li 800 tons!

Keeb Kwm tau tso ntau qhov tsis paub tseeb thiab qhov tseeb tsis paub meej rau noob neej, thiab kev khawb thiab tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm yav dhau los yuav pab peb kom ze rau cov lus teb.

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