Cov kab kab, xaj Orthoptera tus lej yuav luag 25 txhiab hom, 651 ntawm lawv yog hom pob txha. Lawv nyob rau qhov kev txiav txim tshiab-tis thiab muaj ib qho metamorphosis tsis tiav. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov larvae tom qab lub ntsej muag muaj qhov zoo ib yam li cov kab neeg laus, uas yog, lawv yuav muaj ob lub qhov muag, cov qauv zoo sib xws ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thiab cov rudiments ntawm yav tom ntej tis. Lub npe scientific rau cov larvae yog nymphs. Cia peb saib seb cov kab orthoptera peb ntsib ntau zaus, thiab peb paub dab tsi txog lawv.
Lub tsev nta
Orthoptera xaj hauv Latin hu ua Orthoptera. Lawv qee zaum hu ua dhia orthoptera. Qhov kev txiav txim tau muab faib ua ob qhov sib cais suborders: ntev-whiskered thiab luv-whiskered.
Feem ntau cov kab orthopteran muaj lub cev zoo sib xws. Nws yog elongated, nrog lub taub hau loj loj thiab tsim qhov muag. Gnawing lub qhov ncauj feem ntau yog coj mus rau hauv qab, tab sis hauv qee hom (crickets) - rau pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub taub hau yog antennae ntawm ntau yam duab.
Lub hauv siab thiab nraub qaum muab faib ua peb ntu. Lub pronotum tau tsim lateral lobes uas tsis npog lub taub hau. Nruab nrab thiab sab nraub qaumlub nraub qaum yog ua ke thiab delimited los ntawm ntse seams. Ib yam mus rau nruab nrab thiab nram lub hauv siab.
Orthopteran kab muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm lawv ob txhais ceg. Lawv yog elongated piv rau pem hauv ntej thiab muaj ib tug thickening nyob rau hauv lub duav, uas muab lub peev xwm mus dhia. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov tsiaj uas tau poob lub peev xwm dhia. Muaj ntau tus spines nyob rau hauv ob txhais ceg, thiab ob peb spurs thaum kawg. Lub hauv ntej thiab nruab nrab ob txhais ceg yog tsim los rau kev khiav, khawb lossis tuav.
Kab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim Orthoptera muaj ntom elytra ntawm cov qauv tawv nrog ntau cov leeg. Lawv muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab apparatus. Cov tis ntawm cov kab no yog kiv cua. Lub plab tom qab xaus rau ntawm lub qhov quav, ntawm qhov kawg sternite ntawm cov txiv neej muaj qhov chaw mos, thiab cov poj niam muaj ovipositor.
Kev faib tawm
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau faib cov kab hauv qab no: kab laum, orthoptera, pob ntseg thiab lwm yam. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog kab nrog tsis tiav metamorphosis. Thaj, qhov zoo sib xws no txaus rau cov kws tshawb fawb los muab lawv ua ib pab pawg. Qee lub sij hawm, entomologists ntseeg hais tias cov kab orthopteran yog ib feem ntawm tus superorder Orthoptera thiab suav nrog locusts, grasshoppers, fillies, bears, earwigs, cockroaches, thiab thov Vajtswv mantises. Cov lus no tau suav hais tias muaj tseeb txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Tab sis hnub no, tom qab ntau qhov kev soj ntsuam thiab kev sib piv, Orthoptera superorder muaj xws li Orthoptera, uas yog, grasshoppers, crickets, bears, locusts thiab ib tug cais detachment - earwigs.
Tus phooj ywg qub - tus nas ej
Koj puas xav tias cov nyom nyom, paub txhua tus txij li thaum yau, yog ib qho ntawm cov kab laus tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb? Lub uncomplicated "trills" ntawm me me tshuab raj tau hnov s ntev heev uas nws nyuaj rau xav txog. Grasshoppers tsis paub ya, tab sis ua tsaug rau lub zog dhia hind ob txhais ceg, lawv nqa deb heev, pab lawv tus kheej nrog nyias tis dav. Nrog qee qhov ncab, qhov dhia ntawm cov kab no tseem tuaj yeem sib npaug nrog kev ya. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nyom nyom yog nws ua suab thiab hnov lawv nrog nws txhais taw!
Yuav nyuaj rau xav, tab sis lub pob ntseg ntawm ib tug nas tsuag nyob rau ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab nws yog teem nyob rau hauv ntau yam tib yam li tib neeg pob ntseg. Ib daim nyias nyias vibrates nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub suab, cov vibrations ntes rhiab paj ntaub so ntswg, txheej txheem lawv thiab xa mus rau lub hlwb. Cov nyom emits tshwj xeeb trills nrog nws ob txhais ceg thiab elytra. Cov txiv neej muaj "daim iav" thiab "hnub" nyob rau sab xis thiab sab laug elytra. Ncej hla nws ob txhais ceg thiab vibrating nws tis, tus nas tsuag emit ib tug chirp uas txhais cov ciam teb ntawm nws thaj chaw thiab nyiam poj niam.
Cricket
Cricket thiab Medvedka yog kab omnivorous. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv nyiam cov zaub mov cog.
Crickets paub rau lawv yav tsaus ntuj "chants". Feem ntau cov kab no nyob hauv tsev, nrhiav lawv tus kheej qhov chaw tsaus nti. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, lawv khawb qhov me me rau lawv tus kheej rau lub caij ntuj no. Cov kab civliv muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm cov suab sib txawv, qee qhov yog npaj rau kev nkag siab los ntawm cov poj niam, thaum lwm tus ntshai cov neeg sib tw.
Medvedka
Medvedka kuj khawb qhov hauv av. Nws feem ntau ua lub neej nyob hauv av, nrhiav nws tus kheej ntawm no tsis yog zaub mov xwb, tab sis kuj muaj chaw nyob. Ob txhais ceg ntawm cov kab no tsis yog tsim los ntawm cov nyom nyom thiab kab civliv, tab sis ob txhais ceg pem hauv ntej muaj zog txaus los khawb cov kab hauv av.
Hmo ntuj, dais tuaj yeem tuaj. Cov kab no tuaj yeem ya tau, tab sis tsis zoo txaus. Cov tis ntawm dais yog folded nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog nws txav nyob rau hauv lub hauv av rov qab mus.
Feem ntau, bears xaiv dej nyab hauv lub neej, tab sis ntau thiab ntau zaus lawv pom nyob rau hauv cov zaub thiab lub vaj. Rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov, kev cuam tshuam ntawm dais tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tiag tiag.
Earwigs
Raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, earwigs yog ib qho kev txiav txim cais hauv tus superorder Orthoptera. Cov no yog cov kab me me uas muaj tis luv thiab lub cev ntev. Ntau hom earwigs muaj peev xwm sib txawv. Ib tug tsis ya, ib tug ya, tab sis phem.
Earwigs yog omnivores, tawv-tis kab. Lawv nyiam qhov chaw sib hais haum rau lawv yog thaj chaw ciam teb ntawm tib neeg kev nyob. Kab ua mob rau cov qoob loo hauv vaj, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tiv thaiv lawv ntawm aphids thiab kab laug sab mites.
Earwigs nyiam paj vaj. Lawv rhuav tshem cov roses, peonies, phloxes, asters, tab sis lawv yuav zoo siab noj zaub thiab cov hauv paus qoob loo, lawv yuav tsis kam lees cov tub ntxhais hluas cov noob thiab cov nroj tsuag zoo nkauj.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau piav qhia ntau dua 1300 hom kab ntawm cov kab no, kwv yees li nees nkaum ntawm lawv pom hauv peb lub latitudes. Ntxiv rau cov neeg sawv cev nyob rau tag nrho lub caij ua teb, kuj tseem muaj cov pob ntseg pob ntseg, uas nws lub neej tag nrho yoov los ntawm 24 teev.
kos cov lus xaus
Kab kab - kab laum, orthoptera, earwigs, mayflies - yog qhov txaus siab kawm. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Ib tug neeg hu nkauj caw cov poj niam nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj, ib tug muaj peev xwm ua kom puas tag nrho cov qoob loo ua liaj ua teb. Nkag siab txog lawv tus cwj pwm, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab txog qib txaus ntshai rau koj lub tsev lossis lub vaj. Qhov no yuav pab ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov kab tsuag hauv vaj thiab vaj vaj.
