Brazil yog lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws hauv South America. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teb chaws suav nrog kev piav qhia ntawm qhov xwm txheej, pej xeem, lub xeev cov qauv, kev lag luam thiab cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Nyeem peb tsab xov xwm thiab koj yuav kawm ntau yam tshiab thiab nthuav txog lub tebchaws nyob deb no.
Brazil: yam ntxwv ntawm lub xeev (cov ntaub ntawv dav dav)
Lub koom pheej ntawm Brazil yog nyob rau hauv tsib lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no hais txog ntawm cheeb tsam. Nws nyob tag nrho sab hnub tuaj thiab nruab nrab ntawm South American continent.
Lub nroog ntawm Brasilia (qhov zoo kawg nkaus nrog lub npe ntawm lub tebchaws!) yog lub peev ntawm Lub Xeev Brazil. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kev sib hais haum no yuav yog raws li nram no: lub peev, ua los ntawm kos. Lub nroog tau tsim muaj tiag tiag hauv xyoo 1960 thiab tau tsim los rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub peev.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm Brazil yog qhov xav tsis thoob: los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, lub teb chaws ncav cuag 4320 km, los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj - rau 4330 km. Tag nrho ntev ntawm tag nrho cov ciam teb tsuas yog amazing: yuav luag 16,000 kilometers. Nrog kaumBrazil ciam teb chaws.
Tus cwj pwm ntawm lub xeev yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis tau tob rau hauv nws keeb kwm. Thaum pib, Brazil yog lub tebchaws Portuguese (nws yog Portuguese Pedro Cabral uas yog thawj tus neeg European uas tsaws ntawm nws ntug dej hiav txwv hauv 1500). Xyoo 1822, lub teb chaws tau tshaj tawm tias nws muaj kev ywj pheej, thiab thaum kawg ntawm tib lub xyoo pua 19th, nws tau los ua ib lub koom pheej uas muaj kev ywj pheej nrog lub koom txoos bicameral. Txawm li cas los xij, Portugal muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev txhim kho ntawm South American xeev: cov neeg Brazilian hais lus Portuguese thiab tshaj tawm (feem ntau) Catholicism.
Brazil: yam ntxwv ntawm cov xwm txheej ntuj thiab cov peev txheej
Lub teb chaws txoj kev pab muaj ntau haiv neeg: nyob rau sab qaum teb - ib lub hav qis ntawm tus dej Amazon, nyob rau sab qab teb thiab hauv nruab nrab - Brazilian Plateau, steeply xaus rau hiav txwv nrog pob zeb ledges. Mount Bandeira (2890 meters) yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv Brazil.
Tus cwj pwm ntawm lub teb chaws yog ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev piav qhia ntawm huab cua. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm Brazil feem ntau yog kub. Qhov nruab nrab kub, nyob ntawm thaj tsam, thaj tsam ntawm +15 txog +29 degrees. Frots tshwm sim hauv qee qhov chaw. Cov dej nag muaj li ntawm 1200 hli hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tebchaws mus rau 2500-3000 hli hauv Amazon.
Lub teb chaws hydrographic network yog tuab heev. Feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw yog nyob ntawm lub ntiaj teb tus dej loj tshaj plaws, Amazon. Dej nyab lub caij ntuj sov, ceev ceev thiab dej tsaws tsag yog muaj nyob rau hauv Brazilian dej ntws. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv kuj muaj qhov tseem ceeb reserveshydropower.
Lub subsoil ntawm Brazil yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam minerals. Hlau, manganese thiab uranium ores, bauxite, graphite thiab pob zeb muaj nuj nqis (pob zeb diamond tshwj xeeb) raug mined ntawm no.
Pab neeg ntawm Brazil
202 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv tebchaws (qhov no yog qhov thib tsib cov pej xeem coob tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb). Brazil yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov me me, tab sis tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txhua xyoo nce ntuj. Kwv yees li 85% ntawm lub teb chaws cov pej xeem nyob hauv nroog.
Cov lus tseem ceeb thiab hais lus tshaj plaws hauv Brazil yog Portuguese. Ntxiv rau nws, lwm tus kuj tau siv los ntawm cov pej xeem: Lus Askiv, Mev, Fabkis, Italian. Tus nqi nyeem ntawv yog yuav luag 90%.
Cov neeg Brazilians feem ntau (65%) suav lawv tus kheej Catholics, lwm 22% - Protestants. Kev ntseeg dab qhuas, Buddhism, Islam, ntau yam kev ntseeg Afro-Brazilian kuj muaj thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws.
kev muaj peev xwm ntawm lub tebchaws
Ib tag nrho cov lus piav qhia ntawm Brazil yog ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev piav qhia ntawm nws txoj kev lag luam hauv tebchaws. Lub teb chaws muaj peev xwm nyiaj txiag loj heev. Hais txog GDP, nws yog thawj qhov kev lag luam hauv Latin America.
Nyob hauv Brazil txoj kev lag luam, ob qho tib si mining thiab manufacturing sectors yog tsim tau zoo. Lub teb chaws tsim yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom lag luam - los ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim mus rau khoos phis tawj thiab dav hlau. Kev ua liaj ua teb kuj tsim kho heev.
Brazil cov khoom xa tawm sab saum toj yog hlau ore, tsheb, kas fes, taum pauv, hlau, khau thiabtextile. Tsis ntev los no, tsoomfwv lub tebchaws tau ua txhua yam kom nthuav dav nws cov kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev loj hlob
Cov yam ntxwv sib piv ntawm Brazil thiab nws cov cim ntsuas tseem ceeb nrog rau lwm lub xeev yuav pab kom nkag siab txog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws. Cov koom pheej yog nyob rau saum kaum lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nominal GDP (7th qhov chaw). Brazil yog ranked 79th hauv HDI (Human Development Index) qeb duas. Hauv qeb ntawm cov teb chaws los ntawm qib kev noj nyiaj txiag, lub tebchaws nyob hauv 69th txoj haujlwm, uas tseem qhia tau tias muaj teeb meem loj hauv cheeb tsam no.
Cov yam ntxwv nyuaj ntawm Brazil qhia tias lub tebchaws no yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm ntau yam teeb meem ntev. Ntawm lawv yog cov nqi nce siab, cov nuj nqis sab nraud ntawm lub xeev, kev poob haujlwm, kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab kev txom nyem.
Lwm qhov teeb meem loj hauv Brazil yog kev txhim kho tsis sib xws ntawm ntau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws. Yuav luag tag nrho cov kev lag luam yog concentrated nyob rau hauv nws sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj qhov chaw (lub xeev ntawm São Paulo ib leeg ua rau 65% ntawm lub teb chaws GDP tag nrho). Tab sis cov cheeb tsam qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Brazil muaj kev txom nyem, tsis paub ntawv thiab tsis muaj kev tsim kho.
In xaus
Kab lus no nthuav tawm cov lus piav qhia dav dav ntawm Brazil ua lub xeev. Lub teb chaws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Latin America, thiab tseem yog nyob rau saum kaum lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam (nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nominal GDP). Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam: hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, engineering (xws li aviation) thiabkev ua liaj ua teb.
Kev lag luam Brazilian thiab kev sib raug zoo tseem muaj teeb meem loj, tab sis tsoomfwv tab tom sim daws lawv los ntawm kev hloov kho.
