A. A. Reformatsky yog ib tug naas ej linguist, xib fwb. Nyob rau hauv 1962, rau nws txoj hauj lwm, nws tau txais lub degree ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm Philology, txawm tsis tiv thaiv ib tug dissertation. Ib tug ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab influential neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Moscow phonological tsev kawm ntawv. Nws raug suav hais tias yog ib tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev sau ntawv thiab cov duab kos duab, semiotics, keeb kwm ntawm kev paub lus, cov lus siv thiab ntau lwm yam ntsig txog. Nyob rau hauv 1947 nws luam tawm phau ntawv "Introduction to Linguistics", uas tau los ua ib phau ntawv siv rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm Soviet philologists. Nws yog ua tsaug rau nws hais tias lo lus "cov tswv yim sau" tau qhia thiab tsim.
Biography ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb
A. A. Reformatsky yug hauv 1900. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nws txiv yog ib tug kws tshaj lij ntawm chemistry, nws niam lub npe yog Ekaterina Golovacheva. Tus txiv ntxawm ntawm tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm kuj yog ib tug kws tshuaj zoo heev, tab sis Alexander txiav txim siab tsis ua raws li nws txiv thiab nws tus tij laug footsteps.
Xyoo 1918, A. A. Reformatsky tau los ua tus kawm tiav ntawm Flerov gymnasium, thiab tom qab ntawdnkag mus rau Moscow University. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws nyiam ua yeeb yam, txawm tias pib kawm hauv tsev kawm ua yeeb yam, uas tau qhib hauv Meyerhold Theatre hauv xyoo 1920. Tab sis nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam, nws tsis ua haujlwm. Tsis ntev Reformed rov qab mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv kom mob siab rau nws txoj kev kawm. Nws kawm nrog Soviet linguist, tus tswv cuab ntawm Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov, kawm txawj sau ntawv thuam nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm Mikhail Andreevich Petrovsky. Nyob rau hauv 1923 nws tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav diploma los ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Social Sciences. Tom qab ntawd, nws nkag mus kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Lavxias Association of Research Institutes of Social Sciences, tab sis tawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo 1925.
kev ua haujlwm tshaj lij
A. A. Reformatsky pib los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia hauv kev ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv raws li tus neeg sau ntawv pov thawj, X-ray kws tshaj lij, tus kws tshaj lij hauv lub tsev tshaj tawm. Xyoo 1931, nws tau koom nrog Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam Hauv Lub Xeev ua tus kws tshawb fawb laus. Yog li pib qhov kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm ntawm Alexander Alexandrovich.
Xyoo 1934, nws ib txhij pib qhia ntawm Moscow Pedagogical Institute, me ntsis tom qab ntawd nws tau txais txoj hauj lwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum Literary Institute. Hnub zoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm pedagogical thiab scientific poob rau 50s, thaum nws nkag mus rau Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philology ntawm Moscow State University.
Phonetics tshawb fawb
Ntse txaus siab rau cov lus Reformed. Raws li MSUnws tsim ib qho kev sim sim ntawm phonetics. Txij li thaum xyoo 1950, nws tau tsim tib txoj haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Linguistics, uas ua haujlwm ntawm Academy of Sciences. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no, Alexander Reformatsky ua tus sector ntawm kev siv thiab cov yam ntxwv linguistics. Nws tseem nyob hauv tsab ntawv no txij li nruab nrab xyoo 1950 txog rau xyoo 1970. Nws nyob ntawm no tias yav tom ntej hnub qub ntawm Lavxias teb sab philological tsev kawm ntawv nrog nws - Viktor Alekseevich Vinogradov, Revekka Markovna Frumkina, Igor Aleksandrovich Melchuk.
Tsuas yog xyoo 1971, nws tau tawm haujlwm ua tus thawj coj vim muaj hnub nyoog laus, tab sis tseem ua tus kws pab tswv yim.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm Kev Hloov Kho
Cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg paub zoo ntawm tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau piav qhia nws tias yog tus neeg txawj ntse, tus paub txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws thiab kab lis kev cai. Nws nyiam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub neej, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog ib tug avid chess neeg uas ua ntawv thiab ib tug twv txiaj neeg yos hav zoov uas tsis nco lub sij hawm rov mus rau tom hav zoov rau prey. Nws kuj tseem nco tau los ntawm ntau tus uas yog tus tswv ntawm poetic impromptu. Nws muaj peev xwm sau cov paj huam ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus los ntawm ib daim ntawv yooj yim thiab zoo li qub, ntawm nws cov neeg paub nws tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov no.
Ua ntej tshaj, Kev Hloov Kho yog ib tus kws paub lus zoo. Txawm tias mus so nrog nws tus poj niam mus rau lub ua yeeb yam, mloog ib tug opera aria, nws pom tus yam ntxwv thiab nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus, uas tam sim ntawd nws pib nrhiav scientific thiab lus piav qhia. Nws kawm tau ntau yam los ntawm chess, siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "redundancy" los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm qhov kev ua si thaum ub.kev tiv thaiv" Nws yog nws tus uas siv nws hauv kev xyaum, kawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntawv.
Reformatsky tuag tom qab mob ntev xyoo 1978 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 77 xyoo. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas Vostryakovsky.
Lub neej ntiag tug
Tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau sib yuav peb zaug. Serafima Nikanorovna Averyanova los ua nws thawj tus poj niam nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas. Xyoo 1921, lawv tus tub Igor tau yug los, uas tau los ua ib tus kws tshuaj lom neeg nto moo (nws tsuas yog txiav txim siab ua raws li nws yawg koob), kawm txog cov ntsiab lus transuranium. Tuag rau xyoo 2008.
Rau zaum ob, Reformatsky sib yuav nws cov phooj ywg Nadezhda Vakhmistrova. Nws yog tus paub txog kev sau ntawv zoo, sau ntawv thuam, thiab sau phau ntawv hauv kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 1938 lawv muaj ib tug ntxhais, Maria, uas tau los ua ib tug neeg thuam.
Rau zaum peb, tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm sib yuav tus kws sau ntawv Natalia Iosifovna Ilyina, uas yog 14 xyoo yau dua nws. Nws tuag nws tus txiv, tuag hauv 1994. Lawv tsis muaj me nyuam.
tshawb fawb
Reformed tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kawm lus Askiv tob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws cov kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov ntawm kev sau ntawv tau raug cim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm OPOYAZ, lub npe hu ua Lavxias lub tsev kawm ntawv. Hauv nws txoj kev xav thiab kev txiav txim siab, Reformatsky tau nyob ze rau lawv. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm qhov kev sib txawv no tau thuam qhov kev nthuav dav yav dhau los rau kev kos duab nkaus xwb raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov duab, muab tso rau pem hauv ntej thesis tias kos duab yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txuj ci ua yeeb yam. RauVladimir Mayakovsky tau nyob ze rau OPOYAZ txav.
Piv txwv li, Reformatsky, hauv nws cov ntawv sau "The Technical Edition of the Book", uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1933, tau nthuav tawm cov kev xav tshiab ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, ua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntau dua li nws lub npe..
Phonology teeb meem
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1930s, tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau txaus siab rau kev kawm phonology, thiab vim li ntawd tau los ua ib tus tsim thiab cov neeg nyiam ntawm Moscow Phonological School, nquag txhawb nws lub tswv yim nyob qhov twg los tau.
Reformatsky tsim nws cov kev xav tshawb fawb kom tau raws li qhov ua tau nyob rau hauv anthology "Los ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Phonology", uas yog thawj zaug luam tawm xyoo 1970, nrog rau hauv phau ntawv "Phonological Etudes", lub npe uas yog heev. tus yam ntxwv ntawm scientific style thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb. "Phonological Etudes" yog thawj zaug luam tawm xyoo 1975.
Tsis tas li, Reformatsky tau sau ua haujlwm, tsim kho tshiab rau nws lub sijhawm, tsis yog ntawm phonetics thiab phonology nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem hais txog cov teeb meem theoretical ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv, nrog rau cov lus, cov lus tsim, cov ntsiab lus, kev sau ntawv, keeb kwm ntawm kev paub lus., tshuab txhais lus, thiab lwm yam lus hais. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias nws tau mus txog txhua qhov kev lag luam no nrog lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb, sim daws cov teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab insoluble nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Piv txwv li, hauv kev hais lus, Reformatsky tau hais txog cov teeb meem ntawm diachrony thiab synchrony. Rau txhua tuscov teeb meem tau mus txog kev tshaj lij, kev kawm tob thiab scrupulously kawm txhua qhov teeb meem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum paub txog kev kawm tom ntej, nws tau tswj hwm nws cov lus xaus thiab ua rau cov lus yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab siv tau. Yog li nws tau pom meej rau yuav luag txhua tus.
Role in the history of linguistics
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tib lub sij hawm, cov keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb uas Reformed rov qab yog me me. Nws koom nrog cov kws tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb uas xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev nthuav tawm qee lub tswv yim lossis kev xav ntau dua li tsim thiab kawm kom ntxaws.
Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab linguistics, nws tseem yog tus sau ntawm ib tug rov luam dua thiab cus ciav heev thiab siv tau cov phau ntawv, uas tau los ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov nrog cov uas tsis yog-linguists. Nws yog ib tug temperamental thiab ci ntsa iab kws tshawb fawb uas tas li tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj tswv yim cua nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, thiab nyob rau hauv nws nws tsa ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm txawj ntse. Linguistics kuj tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm Kev Hloov Kho.
Ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Reformatsky tus cwj pwm tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm cov ntawv sau ntawm nws cov npoj yaig, cov tub ntxhais kawm, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws tus poj niam thib peb, Natalia Ilyina.
Textbook ntawm linguistics
Tau kawg, txoj haujlwm no yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm. Reformatsky's "Introduction to Linguistics" yog ib qho haujlwm tseem ceeb uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiav thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm txhua ntu tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas phau ntawv no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau cov neeg nyeem tsis yog tsuas yog cov phau ntawv kawm puv nkaus xwb,tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tsis tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev hwm cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus.
Thawj "Introduction to Linguistics" los ntawm Reformatsky AA yog npaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis cov neeg nyiam nyiam cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias kuj nyeem nrog kev txaus siab.
