Hnub no peb txaus siab rau lub ntsiab lus xws li Cov Cai. Txoj cai rau kev tsim cov kab lus no ncaj qha nyob ntawm hom mob. Peb yuav txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov kev xaiv rau cov lus pom zoo no. Muaj ntau hom kab lus raws cai. Cov kev cai rau lawv kev tsim kho yog yooj yim, tab sis tseem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kawm. Thaum koj nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ncauj lus, koj yuav tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev siv cov ntawv tsim nyog, ob qho tib si hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv.
Cov kab lus: daim ntawv thov kev cai
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias kab lus twg yog. Cia peb nco ntsoov cov cai ntawm syntax. Hauv kab lus, lawv paub qhov txawv:
- kab lus yooj yim;
- kab lus nyuaj.
Cov kab lus nyuaj, dhau los, muab faib ua:
- complex;
- compound.
Kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm cov qauvmuaj xws li:
kab lus tseem ceeb;
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm subordinate clause nyob rau hauv relation to lub ntsiab clause nyob ntawm nws hom. Cov hom hauv qab no tau paub:
- xaiv tau;
- definitive;
- detailed.
Vim qhov xwm txheej txawv, muaj cov lus sib txawv:
- sijhawm;
- chaw;
- hom kev ua;
- vim;
- goals;
- conditions.
Yog li peb los txog lub ntsiab lus uas peb nyiam hnub no, uas yog "Conditional clauses". Tej zaum koj yuav pom tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog zoo tib yam rau cov kev cai ntawm lub syntax ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Tab sis txij lub sijhawm no qhov sib txawv pib, yog li ua tib zoo kawm tag nrho cov cai rau lawv siv kom raug. Muaj ntau hom kev mob:
- zero;
- thawj;
- second;
- thib peb.
Lawv txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej txoj cai tsim. Peb yuav tham txog lawv txhua tus nyias. Txoj cai dav dav rau txhua tus yog siv lub union yog, uas txhais tau tias "yog". Qee zaum yuav muaj kev sib koom ua ke thaum lub ntsiab lus ntawm "thaum". Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua hom kab lus raug cuam tshuam los ntawm txoj cai sau cim, uas hais tias: yog hais tias tus subordinate clause los ua ntej, ces nws yog cais los ntawm lub ntsiab comma; yog tias qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej, tsis xav tau cov cim cim. Txhawm rau txhais tag nrho kab lus, nws yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem yog dab tsi.
Type 0 conditional sentences
Ntawm no yog thawj hom Kev Cai. Txoj cai rau lawv tsim yog hais tias lub sij hawm tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ntawm kab lus, txawm hais tias lub neej yav tom ntej suab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab.
| qhov tseem ceeb | Cov lus hais nrog yog tias |
| Present | Present |
Ib yam tshwj xeeb yog tias cov kab lus no qhia txog qee yam qauv lossis kev nkag siab cov lus xaus.
- Yog tias koj rhaub dej mus txog 90 degrees, nws boils. Yog tias koj rhaub dej rau 90 degrees, nws yuav boil (txhua tus neeg nkag siab qhov tseeb, thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem uas Lavxias siv lub sijhawm yav tom ntej).
- Nws tsis tau nyiaj hli yog tias nws tsis ua haujlwm. Nws yuav tsis tau nyiaj yog tias nws tsis ua haujlwm.
Type 1 cov kab lus xwm txheej
Qhov xwm txheej sib txawv nrog 1 Cov Cai, txoj cai uas hais hauv qab no: hom kab lus no yog siv los qhia txog cov xwm txheej tshwm sim thaum muaj qee yam xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv xws li kev tsim kho, tus qauv yog siv:
| qhov tseem ceeb | Cov lus hais nrog yog tias |
| Future tense | Present |
Tsis muaj teeb meem qhov twg kab lus pib nrog.
- Yog tias koj tau txais nyiaj pabcuam siab, koj yuav yuav lub hnab tshiab. Yog koj txaisib qho nyiaj kawm ntawv loj, koj yuav yuav ib lub hnab tshiab (yuav ua tau tiag tiag, tab sis nws yuav ua tiav tom qab qhov xwm txheej tau ntsib).
- Peb yuav mus rau Crimea yog tias peb txiv muaj hnub so. Peb yuav mus rau Crimea yog tias txiv muaj hnub so.
- Nws tuaj yeem mus ntsib nws yog tias nws mob. Nws yuav tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas nws yog tias nws poob mob (modal verbs yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv uas sib haum rau qhov no tense).
2 hom (Qhov thib ob qhov xwm txheej): txoj cai
hom kev thov no txawv ntawm qhov dhau los. Conditional 2, uas muaj txoj cai siv kev siv nyuaj me ntsis, yog siv los qhia txog lub neej yav tom ntej uas tsis muaj tseeb. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua tsis zoo li, thiab hauv Lavxias nws tau hais los ntawm cov lus hais tias "Yog tias tsuas yog, yog tias tsuas yog." Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm Second conditional. Txoj cai los tsim qhov kev thov no:
| qhov tseem ceeb | Cov lus hais nrog yog tias |
|
Yav tom ntej (yuav + infinitive) |
Past tense |
Ib yam ntawm qhov kev tsim kho no yog qhov kev qhia ua nyob ntawm no tsuas muaj ib daim ntawv xwb, uas yog siv rau txhua tus lej thiab tus neeg.
- Yog peb yuav daim pib, peb yuav mus ua si. Yog tias peb tau yuav daim pib, peb yuav tau mus rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam no.
- Nws yuav yuav nws yog nws pom zoo. Nws yuav yuav nws yog nws pom zoo.
- Yog kuv yog koj kuv yuav hu rau nws. Yog kuv yog koj ces hu rau nws.
3 hom kab lus
Tseem muaj lwm hom Kev Cai. Daim ntawv thov txoj cai ntawm hom 3 txhais tau hais tias qee qhov xwm txheej tsis ua tiav yav dhau los, uas yog, qee yam uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim, tab sis yeej tsis tshwm sim. Txhawm rau nthuav tawm qhov kev txiav txim, tus qauv siv:
| qhov tseem ceeb | Cov lus hais nrog yog tias |
| yuav + zoo meej infinitive | Past perfect tense |
Qee zaum nws raug tso cai los ua kab lus yam tsis muaj preposition.
- Yog nws tau yuav kuv ib qho khoom ua si, kuv yuav tau ua si nrog nws tag nrho ib hnub. Yog tias nws yuav khoom ua si rau kuv, Kuv yuav ua si nrog nws txhua hnub.
- Nws yuav tau muag lub tsheb kauj vab yog tias nws niam nws txiv muab nws lub tsheb. Nws yuav muag lub maus taus yog nws niam nws txiv muab nws lub tsheb.
- Yog nws hu nws, nws yuav los. Yog nws hu nws ces nws los.
sib xyaws
Muaj lwm hom kev sib xyaw ua ke. Txoj cai rau nws siv hais tias cov hauv qab no: yog tias koj xav tau kev qhia ua ke ntawm cov xwm txheej sib txawv los ntawm kab lus ntawm hom 2 lossis 3, koj tuaj yeem siv hom kev tsim kho no. Hauv cov kab lus zoo li no, ib qho ntawm cov kev ua yuav tsum hais txog yav dhau los. Cov qauv yuav zoo li txawv. Nrog rau qhov piv ntawm cov xwm txheej rau yav dhau los:
| qhov tseem ceeb | Cov lus hais nrog yog tias |
| yuav + infinitive | Past perfect tense |
Yog nws ua haujlwm tiav raws sijhawm, peb yuav tau tsev tam sim no. Yog tias nws ua haujlwm tiav raws sijhawm, peb yuav nyob hauv tsev tam sim no
Yog hais tias qhov tshwm sim yog hais txog yav dhau los, ces kab lus raug tsim raws li hauv qab no:
| qhov tseem ceeb | Cov lus hais nrog yog tias |
| yuav + zoo meej infinitive | Past tense |
Yog tias peb yog cov tub ntxhais kawm, peb yuav tau ua lwm txoj hauv kev. Yog tias peb yog cov tub ntxhais kawm, peb yuav tau ua yam txawv ntawd
Los ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nws pom tseeb tias kev siv cov kab lus raug cai yuav tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem yog tias koj ua tib zoo kawm cov cai. Xyaum siv lawv hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv thiab koj yuav tsis muaj teeb meem.
